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As a common medicine and homologous plant, Nelumbo nucifera mainly contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes, steroids, fatty acids, proteins, minerals, vitamins and other chemical constituents, with lipid-lowering, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostasis and other pharmacological activities. After reviewing the literatures at home and abroad for nearly 40 years, 385 compounds have been reported from different parts of N. nucifera including lotus leaves, plumula nelumbinis, lotus, lotus seeds, lotus root, lotus seedpod, nelumbinis rhizome node, lotus stem, N. nucifera stamens and lotus seed skins. There are 86 alkaloids, 133 flavonoids, and 166 other compounds. In this review, we summarized the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects reported in N. nucifera, and it provides a reference for further study on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activity and development and utilization of N. nucifera.
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Objective To compare the antioxidant activity between phenolic and nonphenolic alkaloids in Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn.in vitro. Methods DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, super oxygen anion from oxidation, reducing power and beta carotene bleaching test methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the alkaloids. Results Half maximalinhibitory concentration ( IC50 ) of DPPH among total alkaloid, phenolic alkaloids and nonphenolic alkaloids was 21.89, 27.10 and 32.87 μg·mL-1 , respectively;IC50 of ABTS free radicals was 14.25, 20.55, 25.94μg·mL-1;The hydroxyl radical scavenging IC50 was 0.03, 0.03, 0.08 μg·mL-1; The auto-oxidation rate of super oxygen was 8.72×10-4, 5.87×10-4, 6.68× 10-4;The total alkaloid had the best reducing power, while the non-phennolic alakloids had the worst; Lipid inhibition rate of three alkaloids were 89.63%, 85.85% and 83.78% respectively. Conclusion Phenolic alkaloids are better than non-phenolic alkaloids in hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power and anti-lipid peroxidation, resulting in a promising prospect.
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Objective: A novel method for the analysis of alkaloids in Nelumbo nucifera leaves was established by SPE-RRLC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Methods: The crude sample was extracted by 1% HCl with ultrasound-assisted extraction, then purified by SPE column, and eluted with ammonia-methanol (5:95). After concentration, the residue was dissolved by methanol solution. The real sample was analyzed by RRLC-Q-TOF. A Welch Materials C18 column was applied in the RRLC separation using acetonitrile and water as mobile phase. The elutes were detected by Q-TOF to obtain the MS spectra with extract molecular weights under positive ion mode. Results: Nine alkaloids were identified. Conclusion: This method can be used to rapidly determine the alkaloids of N. nucifera leaves.
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Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae) a plant used in Ayurvedic medicine (common name: lotus), is a perennial, large and rhizomatous aquatic herb most prevalent in South India. Preliminary phytochemical screening of both white and pink Nelumbo nucifera flowers revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols etc,). Hence, an attempt has been made to screen the effect of Nelumbo nucifera flowers (both types) on platelet aggregation. The antiplatelet activity of hydroethanolic extract of both types of flowers was studied using platelet-rich plasma in different concentrations (100-500µg/ml). Both white and pink Nelumbo nucifera flower extracts showed dose-dependent effective antiplatelet activity with maximum activity at 500µg/ml concentration; prevention of platelet aggregation was 50 percent of that achieved with standard aspirin. Furthermore, the antiplatelet activity of white flowers was relatively high (p<0.05; ANOVA) compared to pink flowers. In conclusion, these observations suggest that both varieties of Nelumbo nucifera flower extracts exert different levels of inhibitory action on platelets in vitro (secretion and platelet aggregation suppression) due to differences in phytochemical content (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, phytosteroids, glycosides and saponins).
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae, planta utilizada na medicina Ayurvédica, é erva aquática rizomatosa grande, predominante no sul da Índia. A triagem fitoquímica preliminar das flores brancas e cor-de-rosa de Nelumbo nucifera revelou a presença de constituintes fitoquímicos (flavonoides, alcaloides, fenóis etc). Assim, tentou-se a triagem do efeito das flores de Nelumbo nucifera de ambos os tipos na agregação plaquetária. A atividade antiplaquetária dos extratos hidroetanólico de ambos os tipos de flores foi estudada, utilizando-se plasma rico em plaquetas em duas diferentes concentrações (100 - 500 µg/mL). Tanto os extratos das flores brancas quanto daquelas de cor-de-rosa mostraram atividade antiplaquetária dose-dependente, com o máximo na concentração de 500 µg/mL. A prevenção da agregação plaquetária foi 50 por cento daquela alcançada com o padrão de ácido acetilsalicílico. Além disso, a atividade antiplaquetária das flores brancas foi, relativamente, alta (p<0,05; ANOVA), comparativamente às flores cor-de-rosa. Estas observações sugerem que ambas as variedades de extratos de flores de Nelumbo nucifera exercem diferentes níveis de ação inibitória nas plaquetas in vitro (supressão da secreção e da agregação plaquetária) devido a diferentes constituintes fitoquímicos (alcaloides, flavonoides, fenóis, taninos, fitoesteróides, glicosídeos e saponinas).
Subject(s)
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Lotus/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Pharmacognosy , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Objective To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera. MethodsCompounds were repeatedly purified by chromatography and structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Results Nine alkaloids were isolated and identified as 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-6-methyl-6a,7-dehydroaporphine (1),armepavine (2),dehydroroemerine (3),dehydronuciferine (4),2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine (5),liriodenine (6),pronuciferine (7),roemerine (8),and nuciferine (9). Conclusion compound 1 is a new aporphine alkaloid named nelumnucine.
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Objective To optimize the extracting process of alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera leaves by multi-stage countercurrent extraction.Methods The spectrophotometry was used to determine the alkaloids.The extracting process of alkaloid was optimized by L16(44) to observe the effect of extraction time,extraction temperature,solid to liquid ratio,and ethanol concentration,respectively.Results The optimum extraction parameters were extraction time 25 min,extraction temperation 90 ℃,solid to liquid ratio 1∶50,and ethanol concentration 70%.Conclusion The multi-stage countercurrent extraction is used to the extracting process of alkaloid from N.nucifera leaves.
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AIM: To study the effect of the processing on the contents of nuciferine and quercetin existed in lotus leaf(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn).METHODS: Nuciferine and quercetin were allowed for the markers and its contents were assayed by HPLC.Marker constituents were compared among raw herb,carbonizing by stir-frying and carbonizing by calcining.RESULTS: By means of carbonizing processing,nucifering content of lotus leaf reduced to 99.25% and 99.23% compared with the unprocessed lotus leaf,quercetin content of lotus leaf increased to 608.56% and 643.85% compared with the unprocessed lotus leaf.CONCLUSION: The heating processing has remarkable effect on the contents of nuciferine and quercetin in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
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Objective: To study the effects of procyanidins extract from the lotus seedpod (LSPC) on active oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation. Methods: (1) The scavenging effects of LSPC on O ?- 2 and ?OH was investigated by using chemiluminescence method; (2) The effects of different concentrations of LSPC on RBC auto oxidation and LPO formation of rat liver mitochondria in vitro were observed; (3) The LPO level of liver homogenates incubated with Fe 2+ and H 2O 2 in vitro were determined; (4) the mice were treated with a single intragastric feeding of 5% CCl 4 soya bean oil solution (10ml/kg bw) after seven days supplementation of LSPC 100, 200, 400 mg/(kg bw?d). The activities of SOD, GST and the level of LPO in liver and plasma of CCl 4 toxic mice were determined. Results: In vitro, LSPC 169.0mg/L or 105.3mg/L was shown to markedly scavenge O ?- 2 produced in xanthine/xanthine oxidase and ?OH in Fenton systems respectively, and could significantly inhibit the formation of liver LPO. In vivo, LSPC (100,200mg/kg) evidently reduced the level of LPO and increase the activities of SOD and GST. Conclusion: It suggests that LSPC may be used as an antioxidant and might effectively protect liver from the injury due to lipid peroxidation.