Presentación de un meningocele lumbosacro en un adulto / Case Presentation of a ruptured lumbosacral meningocele in an adult patient

La espina bífida, o mielodisplasia, es una anomalía de origen multifactorial congénita que se presenta con mayor frecuencia durante el desarrollo embrionario. Se produce por el cierre parcial de los pliegues neurales conjuntamente con una fusión defectuosa de los arcos vertebrales. Su clínica es variable e incluye una serie de manifestaciones como expresión del compromiso neurológico. El diagnóstico se basa en la presencia de las manifestaciones clínicas ayudado de estudios imagenológicos. La corrección quirúrgica del defecto es la conducta terapéutica que se preconiza como adecuada. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 34 años de edad con mielomeningocele no corregido en edad infantil que se presenta con complicaciones infecciosas y secuelas neurológicas. Se administró esquema de antibioticoterapia con varios antibióticos de amplio espectro, y se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente, con lo que se logró el cierre del orificio comunicante de la región espinal con el exterior. Además, se reconstruyó la zona aledaña al mielomeningocele para evitar posible sepsis del Sistema Nervioso Central. La paciente tuvo una evolución favorable y fue dada de alta hospitalaria a los 7 días posteriores a la intervención quirúrgica sin secuelas neurológicas(AU)

Spine bifida, or myelodysplasia, is a multifactorial congenital anomaly that occurs most frequently during embryonic development. It is produced by the partial closure of the neural folds together with a defective fusion of the vertebral arches. Its clinic is variable and includes a series of manifestations as an expression of neurological compromise. The diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical manifestations, aided by imaging studies. Surgical correction of the defect is the therapeutic conduct that is recommended as adequate. This report presents the case of a 34-year-old patient with uncorrected myelomeningocele in childhood who presented with infectious and neurological sequelae complications(AU)

A prospective observational study to describe magnetic resonance imaging findings in perinatal asphyxia in terms of severity, outcome and neurological sequel in term and preterm babies

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a significant cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. MRI is useful for assessing the severity and pattern of brain injuries. There is less data of MRI findings of perinatal asphyxia from India and the subcontinents. This prospective observational study was done to describe MRI brain findings in neonates with perinatal asphyxia with respect to various determinants.Methods:' Initial MRI brain was done when babies were stable after fulfilling inclusion criteria. Immediate outcome was assessed at the end of hospital stay. They were followed up for presence of any sequel up to 1 year. Repeat MRI brain was done in few selected babies. Data was collected and statistically analyzed.Results: Total 55 babies were included in the study (term 27, preterm 28). There were 9 babies in stage 1, 17 babies in stage II and 22 babies in stage III. MRI brain findings were normal in 8 and abnormal in 47 patients. There were Deep gray matter injury (DG) in 22, Para Sagittal subcortical white matter injury (PS) in 6, Germinal matrix haemorrage (GMH), intraventricular haemorrage (IVH) and Periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) in 12 and Mixed pattern of injury in 7 babies. Findings among 9 expired babies were: 4 (44.4%) DG, 2 (22.2%) GMH+IVH and 3 (33.3%) mixed. There was neurological sequel in 13 babies (48.1%).' Babies with normal MRI initially had no sequel.Conclusion: Brain injury due to perinatal asphyxia follows several patterns according to gestational age and severity. Early and accurate recognition of these patterns with the help of MRI brain helps in managing the baby and predicting the prognosis.

Identificación de marcadores tempranos de mala evolución neurológica en niños ahogados que presentaron paro cardiorrespiratorio / Identification of markers early of bad evolution neurological in drowned children who presented unemployment cardiorespiratory

Introducción: Los ahogamientos son una amenaza grave y desatendida de salud pública, constituyen la primera causa de muerte en niños <3 años. Más del 90% de esas muertes ocurren en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los marcadores pronósticos tempranos de mala evolución neurológica en niños ahogados con paro cardiorrespiratorio que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, de observación y analítico. Se estudiaron pacientes entre el mes de vida y los 15 años que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Críticos, entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 31 de diciembre de 2015. Se examinaron las siguientes variables al ingreso: edad, sexo, ácido láctico, pH, exceso de base, bicarbonato y glucemia plasmática, puntaje PRISM, lugar del accidente y supervisión de las víctimas. Resultados: Ingresaron 11 pacientes con diagnóstico de ahogamiento y paro cardiorrespiratorio. La mediana de la edad fue de 29 meses. El 54% eran niñas y el 48%, varones. Tres pacientes fallecieron. Entre los supervivientes, tres ni- ños sufrieron daño neurológico grave. El peor pronóstico se asoció con ácido láctico >6 mmol/l y glucemia >300 mg% al ingresar. El puntaje PRISM mostró una relación directamente proporcional a la Pediatric Cerebral Performance Categorization Scale Conclusión: En nuestra población, se asociaron a mal pronóstico la lactacidemia >6 mmol/l, la glucemia plasmática >300 mg% y el puntaje PRISM elevado en los grupos de peor pronóstico (AU)

Introduction: Drowning is a serious and neglected threat in public health, it is the leading cause of death in children under 3 years. Over 90% of these deaths occur in low and middle income countries. The objective of this work is to identify early prognostic markers of poor neurological outcome in drowned children with cardiorespiratory arrest admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, observational and analytical study. Patients between the month of life and 15 years admitted to the Critical Care Unit between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2015 were studied. The following variables were examined on admission: age, sex, lactic acid, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, and plasma glucose levels, PRISM score, scene and supervision of the victims. Results: Eleven patients were admitted with a diagnosis of drowning and cardiac arrest. The median age was 29 months. 54% were female and 48% male. Three patients died. Among the survivors, three children suffered severe neurological damage. Poor prognosis was associated with lactic acid >6 mmol/l, glucose >300 mg% at admission. The PRISM score was directly proportional to the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Categorization Scale. Conclusion: In our population, poor prognosis was associated with the presence of lactate >6 mmol/l, plasma glucose >300 mg% and a high PRISM score in the worst prognosis group.(AU)

A percepção dos cuidadores domiciliares no cuidado a clientes com sequelas neurológicas / La percepción de los cuidadores domiciliarios en el cuidado a clientes con secuelas neurológicas / Perception of care by home-based family caretakers of clients with neurological sequels

O cuidador domiciliar de clientes com sequelas neurológicas assume maior responsabilidade ao direcionar atenção e cuidados contínuos à pessoa cuidada. Essa condição leva intensa sobrecarga física e psicológica ao cuidador. Objetivou-se apreender as percepções do cuidador familiar no cuidado a clientes com sequelas neurológicas, propondo estratégias para o cuidar do cuidador. Estudo qualitativo fenomenológico, desenvolvido de março/2007 a junho/2008. Valeu-se de entrevistas domiciliares gravadas com cinco cuidadores regularmente cadastrados no projeto extensionista Renascer desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, aos quais foi indagado: Como você se sente cuidando de seu familiar sequelado? Após descrição, redução e compreensão das experiências que os sujeitos vivenciaram foram destacadas quatro categorias: sobrecarga (física, mental e financeira); religiosidade/fé; dedicação/satisfação e solidariedade/empatia com seus respectivos núcleos de sentido. A sobrecarga experimentada pelos cuidadores ao exercerem o cuidado foi confirmada, e sugeriu-se a organização de grupos de orientação e apoio às famílias desses clientes crônicos.

The home-based caregiver of a family member with neurological sequels has higher responsibility in the provision of attention and continuous care. Intense physical and psychological overload to the caregiver occurs. The objective of this piece of research was to identify the caretaker’s perceptions on the issue, suggesting strategies for the caretaker’s care. Qualitative phenomenological study developed from March, 2007 to June, 2008. Home interviews recorded with five caretakers registered with the extension project Renascer, developed by the Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were recorded on the basis of a leading question: How do you feel about taking care of a relative with neurological sequels? After description, reduction, and understanding of the experience the interviewees had, four categories were outstanding: overload (physical, mental, and financial); religiosity/faith; dedication/satisfaction; and solidarity/empathy with their respective sense nuclei. The overload family caretakers experience was confirmed. Suggestions were made towards the organization of teams for counseling and support to the family of these chronic clients.

El cuidador domiciliario de clientes con secuelas neurológicas asume responsabilidad más grande cuando atención y cuidados a la persona cuidada. Se objetivó aprehender las percepciones del cuidador familiar en el cuidado a clientes con secuelas neurológicas, proponiendo estrategias para el asistir del cuidador. Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, desarrollado de marzo/2007 a junio/2008. Fueron realizadas entrevistas domiciliarias grabadas con cinco cuidadores regularmente registrados en el proyecto de extensión Renascer desarrollado por la Universidad Federal de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a los cuales fue indagado: Cómo se siente usted cuidando de su familiar con secuela? Después de la descripción, reducción y comprensión de las experiencias vividas por los sujetos fueron destacadas cuatro categorias: sobrecarga (física, mental y financiera); religiosiad/fe; dedicación/satisfacción y solidaridad/empatía con sus respectivos núcleos de sentido. La sobrecarga experimentada por los cuidadores en el ejercicio del cuidado fue confirmada, y se propuso la organización de grupos de orientación y apoyo a las familias de esos clientes crónicos.