ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide the evidence for analyzing the causes and formulating targeted control measures of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases. Methods Individual case investigation forms for advanced schistosomiasis cases were collected from the Sichuan Provincial Epidemic Annual Report System from 2011 to 2022, and patients’ demographics, previous medical history and liver parenchymal grading were retrieved. All advanced schistosomiasis cases’ medical records were reviewed, and the subtypes of schistosomiasis-endemic villages where the cases’ household registration were, floating population, survival and death and time of death were collected. Results A total of 321 newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases were found in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022, with a male to female ratio of 0.99 to 1. There were 274 cases at ages of over 50 years (85.4%), with the highest proportion seen at ages of 60 to 69 years (87 cases, 27.1%), and splenomegaly was the most common type (180 cases, 56.1%), with no dwarfism type detected. The highest number of cases was reported in 2011 (78 cases), followed by in 2022 (74 cases), and the highest number of cases were reported in Meishan City (199 cases, 62.0%), Dongpo District (131 cases, 40.8%), and hilly subtype areas (136 cases, 42.4%). As of the end of 2022, there were 111 deaths due to advanced schistosomiasis, with the highest number of deaths seen in 2018 (25 deaths), and the highest mortality was seen among patients with the ascites type (41.2%). There were 47 (37.3%), 40 (59.5%) and 4 (23.5%) cases with grade III liver parenchyma among patients with splenomegaly, ascites, and colonic proliferation types, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the grading of III liver parenchyma among three types of patients (H = 12.092, P < 0.05), with more severe liver parenchyma injuries seen among patients with the ascites type than among those with splenomegaly and colonic proliferation type (Z = 24.262 and 44.738, both Padjusted values < 0.05). Conclusions There have been newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province during recent years, and patients with the ascites type should be given a high priority among advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province. Intensified clue surveys are needed for early identification and treatment of advanced schistosomiasis cases, so as to increase the survival rate and improve the quality of life.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the sexual behavioral characters of HIV-positive men who have sex with men(MSM) with different age group and different sexual orientation. Mehtods A total of 321 newly-diagnosed HIV-positive MSM were selected by convenience sampling from January 2016 to February 2019 in Wuhan Jingyingtan Hospital. All the interviews were performed by doctors one by one and face by face. Spss 23.0 software was used to analyse the difference of sexual behavioral characters in different age groups and sexual orientations. Results Among 321 MSM patients , 44.24% were ≤35 years, 33.02% were 36-59 years, 22.74% were ≥60 years. Homosexuality accounted for 44.86%, bisexuality 20.25%, heterosexuality were 24.30%, and other sexual orientation accounted for 10.59%. Internet was the main way for ≤35 years old group to look for fixed partners, while friends, colleagues and classmates were the main way for 36-59 years old group and ≥60 years old group. There was significant difference in the ways of looking for partners among different age groups（χ2=136.50，P=0.00）. The main way for ≤35 years old and 36-59 years old group to find temporary partners was internet, and the main way for ≥60 years old group to find temporary partners was from friends, colleagues and classmates, there was a significant difference in different age groups in the way to find temporary partners（χ2=69.66，P=0.00）. The age of first male sexual activity was the lowest in homosexual MSM cases, followed by bisexual MSM cases, and the highest in heterosexual MSM cases. The age of first male sexual activity was significantly different in different homosexual orientation MSM cases （F=32.52，P=0.00）. Conclusion When taking intervention measures, the sexual behavior difference in different age groups and different sexual orientations should be considered.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the survival time of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in China in 2010.Methods The reporting cards and follow-up cards of HIV/AIDS cases reported as of 31 December 2015 were collected from national AIDS information system.The newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in 2010 were selected.The information of follow-up intervention,CD4+ T cells (CD4) testing,antiretroviral treatment and mortality of the cases from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed.Life table method was applied to calculate the survival probability.Kaplan-Meier was used to draw survival curve and Cox proportion hazard regression model were used to identify the factors related to survival time.Results Of the 40 335 HIV/AIDS cases,11 975(29.7％) died of AIDS related diseases.The median survival time was 63.1 months (95％CI:63.0-63.2),and the survival rates in 1 year and 5 years were 81.2％ and 69.9％.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk factors for death in the HIV/AIDS cases were age (25-34 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=1.41,95％CI:1.29-1.54;35-34 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=1.90,95％CI:1.74-2.07;45-54 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=2.24,95％CI:2.04-2.46;≥55 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=2.81,95％CI:2.57-3.08).The protective factors for death in the HIV/AIDS cases were level of baseline CD4 counts (CD4 ≥ 500 cells/μ1 vs.CD4 ＜ 200 cells/μl:HR =0.12,95 ％ CI:0.11-0.13),receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART vs.no ART:HR=0.11,95％CI:0.10-0.12).Conclusion Survival time of HIV/AIDS cases might be influenced by age,baseline CD4 count and access to antiretroviral therapy.The early diagnosed and early antiretroviral therapy could extend the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primary drug resistance (HIV-PDR) in newly reported HIV-infected individuals in Dehong Prefecture,Yunnan Province in 2015.Methods Newly reported HIV-positive patients who had viral load ≥ 1 000 copies/mL from January to November in 2015 were tested for HIV-PDR by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and HIV pol gene sequencing.HIV-PDR was determined according to the Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutations (SDRM) list of Stanford University,which was recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009.Results A total of 322 newly reported HIV-infected cases whose pol gene was successfully amplified were included in the final analysis.Of them,211 (65.5％) were male,and 229 (71.1％) were sexually transmitted.A total of 152 (47.2％) were Chinese.A total of 29 HIV subtypes were found,including type B (12.1％),type C (28.0％),type CRF01_AE (24.5％),type CRF07_BC (5.9％),type CRF08_BC (5.6％),type 62_BC (7.5％),type BC-new breakpoint (3.4％) and other subtypes (13％).Six patients (1.9％) were defined as primary resistance to HIV according to the WHO standard.Conclusions The prevalence of HIV-PDR is 1.9％ among newly reported HIV-infected individuals,which is relatively low in the studied area.But HIV-PDR surveillance should be strengthened in this area with the scaling up of antiretroviral therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the survival time of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases and related factors in China in 2010.Methods The reporting cards and follow-up cards of HIV/AIDS cases reported as of 31 December 2015 were collected from national AIDS information system.The newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in 2010 were selected.The information of follow-up intervention,CD4+ T cells (CD4) testing,antiretroviral treatment and mortality of the cases from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed.Life table method was applied to calculate the survival probability.Kaplan-Meier was used to draw survival curve and Cox proportion hazard regression model were used to identify the factors related to survival time.Results Of the 40 335 HIV/AIDS cases,11 975(29.7％) died of AIDS related diseases.The median survival time was 63.1 months (95％CI:63.0-63.2),and the survival rates in 1 year and 5 years were 81.2％ and 69.9％.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk factors for death in the HIV/AIDS cases were age (25-34 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=1.41,95％CI:1.29-1.54;35-34 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=1.90,95％CI:1.74-2.07;45-54 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=2.24,95％CI:2.04-2.46;≥55 years old vs.15-24 years old:HR=2.81,95％CI:2.57-3.08).The protective factors for death in the HIV/AIDS cases were level of baseline CD4 counts (CD4 ≥ 500 cells/μ1 vs.CD4 ＜ 200 cells/μl:HR =0.12,95 ％ CI:0.11-0.13),receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART vs.no ART:HR=0.11,95％CI:0.10-0.12).Conclusion Survival time of HIV/AIDS cases might be influenced by age,baseline CD4 count and access to antiretroviral therapy.The early diagnosed and early antiretroviral therapy could extend the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics on newly reported HIV cases and those recently infected HIV-1 cases in the past few years in Beijing so as to find out their correlates.Methods All the qualified newly reported HIV serum samples from both the first quarters of 2009,2010 and the second quarter of 2011 in Beijing,were tested using the BED HIV-1 incidence capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) to identify those recent HIV-1 infection (BED positive) samples and related socio-demographic characteristics.The proportions of BED positives were determined and the correlates analyzed by SPSS software.Results The Annual qualified newly reported HIV serum samples of each year from Beijing were 274,236 and 356,with BED positive rate among them as 35.0％,31.8％ and 33.7％,respectively.The majority of newly reported HIV cases of each year were males (89.1％,88.6％,91.9％),range of age as 20-39 years (77.4％,75.8％,82.0％),Han nationality (77.7％,88.6％,85.7％),and most of them were not permanent residents of Beijing (74.1％,80.5％,2011 data missed).The proportions of patients through sexual transmission showed upward trend(67.5％,76.2％,86.8％).Especially in the ‘man having sex with man’ (MSM) group,it showed a significantly increase (44.9％,45.3％,62.6％).The proportions of injection drug users (15.3％,8.1％,9.0％) declined to some extent during this period.Data from statistics indicated that the proportions of BED positives among newly reported HIV cases of each year were significantly correlated to factors as patients' sex,transmission route and source of samples,but not significantly correlated to patents' age or marital status.Male cases accounted for 96.9％ and MSM accounted for 73.5％ of all the BED-positives during 2009-2011.Conclusion MSM accounted for both large portion of newly reported HIV cases and recent HIV-1 infections which suggested an increasing trend in 2009-2011.It seemed that the characteristic and changing trends of HIV epidemic in Beijing was oriented by MSM population in the last years.