Relação monócito/HDL em esteatose não hepática / Monocyte/hdl ratio in non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (NAS) is characterized by excess fat accumulation in hepatocytes, causing portal and lobular inflammation and hepatocyte injury. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the alterations in monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) in patients with grade 2 or 3 fatty liver disease and the association of this marker with liver function tests and insulin resistance. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis; patients diagnosed and followed for the grade 2 or 3 fatty liver disease were included in the patient group and the patients who had undergone abdominal ultrasound for any reason and who were not having any fatty liver disease were included in the control group. RESULTS: Totally 409 cases were included in the study. Among participants, 201 were in the control group, and 208 were in the NAS group (111 were having grade 2 and 97 were having grade 3 steatosis). The monocyte/HDL ratio was significantly higher in the NAS group compared with the healthy controls (P=0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the monocyte/HDL ratio and age (r=0.109; P=0.028), ALT (r=0.123, P=0.014) and HOMA-IR (r=0.325, P=0.001) values. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio significantly increases in fatty liver disease and correlates with insulin resistance. Since it was suggested as a prognostic marker in atherosclerotic diseases, elevated MHR values in fatty liver disease should be evaluated cautiously.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A esteatose não hepática (ENH) é caracterizada pelo acúmulo de gordura nos hepatócitos, causando inflamação portal e lobular e lesões ao hepatócito. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações na contagem de monócitos em relação à proporção de lipoproteína de colesterol de alta densidade (MHR) em doentes com doença hepática gordurosa de grau 2 ou 3 e a associação deste marcador com testes de função hepática e de resistência à insulina. MÉTODOS: Nesta análise retrospectiva os pacientes diagnosticados e seguidos para a doença hepática gordurosa de grau 2 ou 3, foram incluídos no grupo de doentes e os indivíduos que tinham sido submetidos a ecografia abdominal por qualquer motivo e que não tinham qualquer doença hepática gordurosa foram incluídos no de controle. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 409 pacientes no estudo. Entre os participantes, 201 estavam no grupo controle e 208 estavam no grupo ENH (111 caracterizados como grau 2 e 97 com esteatose de grau 3). A relação monócito/HDL foi significativamente maior no grupo ENH em comparação com os controles saudáveis (P=0,001). Verificou-se correlação positiva significativa entre a relação monócitos/HDL e a idade (r=0,109; P=0,028), e valores de ALT (r=0,123; P=0,014) e HOMA-IR (r=0,325; P=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A razão entre monócitos e a lipoproteína de alta densidade aumenta significativamente na doença hepática gordurosa e correlaciona-se com a resistência à insulina. Uma vez que foi sugerido como um marcador prognóstico em doenças ateroscleróticas, os valores elevados de MHR na doença hepática gordurosa devem ser avaliados com cautela.

Caracterización de los pacientes cirróticos atendidos en el Hospital Eugenio Espejo durante el año 2018 / Characterization of the cirrhotic patients treated at the Eugenio Espejo Hospital during 2018

Introducción:La cirrosis hepática constituye una patología muy frecuente en nuestro medio. Los datos epidemiológicos en Ecuador son escasos, lo cualdificulta promover medidas de prevención y tratamientoadecuadas;además,existe un acceso limitado a terapias específicas,como el trasplante hepático.Objetivo: Determinarlas características sociodemográficas, etiología y complicaciones de los pacientes cirróticos, atendidos enelservicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Eugenio Espejo, durante el año 2018. Materiales y métodos:Estudio descriptivo -transversal, realizado en 94 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cirrosisdurante el año 2018.Resultados:La principal causa de cirrosis es la esteatosishepáticano alcohólica(29%);superando al alcohol ya las etiologías virales.El grupo etario más frecuente es el comprendido entre los 36 a 64 años (57%).El estadio más frecuente fueChild B(46%) y el estadio clínico 4 (38%). La complicación más frecuentefuela ascitis(72%).Conclusiones:La esteatosis hepática no alcohólicaha desplazado a las demáscausasde cirrosis;por lo tanto, es primordial realizar programas para el manejo del síndrome metabólico, así como un fácil acceso a la atención por un especialista en Gastroenterología o Hepatología.

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a very common pathology in our environment. Epidemiological data in Ecuador are limited, which makes it difficult to promote adequate prevention and treatment measures; in addition, there is limited access to specific therapies, such as liver transplantation. Objective: we sought to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, etiology and complications of cirrhotic patients, treated in the gastroenterology service of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital, during 2018. Material and Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in 94 patients, Results: we found that the main cause of cirrhosis is non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (29%); overcoming alcohol and viral etiologies. The most frequent age group is between 36 and 64 years old (57%). The most frequent stage was Child B (46%) and clinicalstage 4 (38%). The most frequent complication was ascites (72%).Conclusions:Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis has displaced the other causes of cirrhosis; therefore, it is essential to carry out programs for the management of the metabolic syndrome, as well as easy access to care by a specialist in gastroenterology or hepatology.

Prevalencia de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, con o sin síndrome metabólico / Prevalence of non alcoholic hepatic steatosis in diabetic patients type 2, with or without metabolic syndrome

Recientemente se ha establecido a la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA) como un componente más del síndrome metabólico, predictor del desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. De los pacientes con EHNA y fibrosis leve a moderada, aproximadamente 13% desarrollan cirrosis en el curso de 4 años. Conocer la prevalencia de esta entidad en población de riesgo de nuestro medio, favorecería tomar algunas conductas diagnósticas y terapéuticas en forma oportuna. OBJETIVO: determinar la prevalencia de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. MATERIAL Y METODOS: estudio de corte transversal, que incluye a 95 pacientes con diagnóstico establecido de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, con o sin síndrome metabólico. Se les realizó medición de peso, talla, IMC, perímetro de cintura, área de grasa visceral y porcentaje de grasa corporal mediante impedanciometría, ecografía hepática y glicemia basal. Se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante el paquete S.P.S.S. para Windows, versión 12.0. RESULTADOS: del total de 95 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 estudiados, 22% (21) fueron varones y 78% (74) mujeres, comprendidos entre los 25 a 74 años, de los cuales 58.9% (56) eran portadores de síndrome metabólico según los criterios de ATP III. 26.3 % (25) pacientes no tenían alteraciones ecográficas compatibles con esteatosis hepática. Presentaron esteatosis leve o grado 1 el 16.8 % (16), 48.4% esteatosis moderada o grado 2, y finalmente 8.4% (8) con esteatosis severa o grado 3. CONCLUSIONES: la prevalencia de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica, diagnosticada mediante ecografía hepática en los pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2 es del 74%, independientemente del diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico, lo que incrementa el riesgo de complicaciones en estos pacientes.

Has recently been established to non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis as one component of metabolic syndrome, predictor of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with NAFLD and mild to moderate fibrosis, approximately 13% develop cirrhosis in the course of 4 years. So you know the prevalence of this institution at risk for our country, it would take some conduct diagnostic and therapeutic in a timely manner. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, prospective, descriptive, observational and analytical, cut that includes 95 patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2, with or without metabolic syndrome. He was performed in measurement of weight, height, BMI, perimeter of waist, visceral fat and percentage of body fat by impedance measurement and liver ultrasound and basal glycaemia. He was the statistical analysis using the S.P.S.S. for Windows, version 12.0 package. RESULTS: Of the total of 95 patients diabetic type 2 studied, 22% (21) were males and 78% (74) women, between 25 to 74 years, of which 58.9% (56) were carriers of metabolic syndrome according to the ATP III criteria. 26.3% (25) patients had no alterations compatible with fatty liver ultrasound. They presented mild steatosis or grade 1 the 16.8% (16), 48.4% steatosis moderate grade 2, and finally 8.4% (8) with severe steatosis or grade 3. CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver, diagnosed by liver ultrasound in type 2 diabetic patients is 74 percent, which increases the risk of complications in these patients.

Parámetros metabólicos en pacientes con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica y diabetes tipo 2 controlados versus no controlados / Metabolic parameters in patients with steatosis non alcoholic liver and controlled diabetes type 2 versus uncontrolled diabetes type 2

La esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA) está ampliamente distribuida a nivel mundial y es más frecuente en sujetos con dislipidemia, síndrome metabólico, obesos y con DM2 (34-74%). Sin embargo, la prevalencia de cirrosis por EHNA en la población general no se conoce, lo que es aún materia de investigación en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Determinar si existe diferencia significativa entre los parámetros metábólicos de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico controlados y no controlados. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de tipo caso control, realizado en el Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima - Perú, durante los meses de noviembre de 2014 a febrero de 2015. Constó de231 pacientes: 147 pacientes con DM2 de diagnóstico reciente con mal control glicémico y EHNA y 84 pacientes con DM2 de diagnóstico reciente con adecuado control y EHNA. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó las pruebas de Levene para evaluar homogenidad de varianzas intragrupos y prueba paramétrica de t de student para muestras independientes. Resultados: Luego de aplicar la prueba de homogeneidad de Levene y el t de student para igualdad de medias los parámetros metabólicos significativos fueron el nivel de triglicéridos, el nivel de HbA1C, la dosis de metformina y el género. Conclusiones: Es importante en pacientes diabéticos diagnosticar EHGNA en forma temprana para un control más estricto, no sólo de la glucosa sérica sino de otros parámetros metabólicos, principalmente, los triglicéridos lo cual apoya fuertemente el concepto existente de "múltiples hits " que considera que la EHGNA afecta la homeostasis de la glucosa, y podría ser el punto de partida de nuevas investigaciones que permitan mejorar las intervenciones para reducir la progresión de la cirrosis en pacientes diabéticos y también retrasar la progresión de la diabetes mellitus en pacientes con esteatohepatitis no alcohólica.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NASH) is widely distributed around the world and is more common in subjects with dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome obese and DM2 (34-74%). However, the prevalence of cirrhosis by NASH in general population is unknown which is still subject of research. Objective: To determine if there are significant differences between metabolic parameters of non-alcoholic fatty liver in controlled versus uncontrolled diabetes type 2 of recent diagnosis. Material and methods: retrospective case-control study, performed in the Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru from November 2014 to February 2015.This study included 231 patients: 147 patients (NASH with DM2 of recent diagnosis and poor control) and 84 patients (NASH with DM2 ofrecent diagnosis and adequate control). Statistical analysis: Levene test for evaluating homogeneity of variances intra groups and parametric test for independent samples. Results: After applying Levene test of homogeneity and student test, significant metabolic parameters were the triglycerides, HbA1C level, metformin dose and gender. Conclusions: It is important in diabetic patients to diagnose NASH early for a tighter control, not only of glucose but other metabolic parameters mainly triglycerides which strongly supports existing concept of "multiple hits" which considers NASH affects glucose homeostasis, and it could be the starting point of new research to improve interventions for decreasing progression from to cirrhosis in diabetic patients and also to delay progression of diabetes mellitus in patients with non alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Hallazgos clínicos e histomorfológicos en pacientes con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica / Clinical and hystomorphological findings in patients with non alcoholic hepatic steatosis

Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de 32 pacientes con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica, diagnosticados en el Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, de enero de 2011 a junio de 2013, a fin de caracterizarles epidemiológica, clínica e histomorfológicamente. En la investigación se obtuvo un incremento de la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica entre las hepatopatías crónicas, con predominio en personas de los grupos etarios de 35-44 y 45-54 años y del sexo masculino, y una mayor asociación a la hipertrigliceridemia y la hipertransaminasemia; igualmente, la dislipidemia y el sobrepeso -- según índice de masa corporal -- representaron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes en los afectados. No se encontró significación estadística al correlacionar los hallazgos ecográficos con los obtenidos por biopsia, de manera que quedó reafirmado que la laparoscopia constituye el medio de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad para diagnosticar la enfermedad en cuestión.

An observational and descriptive study of 32 patients with hepatic alcoholic steatosis, diagnosed in "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2011 to June, 2013, in order to characterize them epidemiologically, clinically and hystomorphologically. In the investigation an increment of the non alcoholic hepatic steatosis was obtained among the chronic hepatopathies, with prevalence in people of the age groups 35-44 and 45-54 years and of the male sex, and a higher association to hypertriglyceridemia and hypertransaminasemia; equally, the dyslipidemia and overweight -- according to index of body mass -- represented the most frequent risk factors in those affected. There was no statistical significance when correlating the echographical with the biopsy findings, so that it was reaffirmed that laparoscopy constitutes the most sensitive and specific mean to diagnose the disease.