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Resumen Lo que logra develar las contundentes movilizaciones sociales ocurridas en el 2021 en Colombia, por un lado es el hastío social ante una profunda crisis económica, política, ética y ecológica es el cierre de un modelo. A la par, evidencia que estamos ante el surgimiento de otras formas organizativas y de acción, otras formas de conectarse, encontrarse, proyectar y programar, es una lógica reticular de sectores inconformes que dan cuenta de esa urgente necesidad de cambios en la forma de habitar el planeta, avanzar hacia otros modelos económicos, políticos y sociales que aún no se tienen claros. Retos que incluso, aún no asumen a profundidad las llamadas Instituciones de Educación Superior.
Abstract What the forceful social mobilizations, which took place in Colombia in 2021, reveal is, on the other hand, the social weariness in the face of a deep economic, political, ethical, and ecological crises, that is, the closure of a model. On the other hand, it is evidence that we are facing the emergence of other forms of organization and action; other ways of connecting, meeting, projecting, and programming. It is a reticular logic of nonconformist sectors, which account for the urgent need for changes in the way of inhabiting the planet, moving toward other economic, political, and social models, which are not yet clear. Challenges that even the so-called Higher Education Institutions have not yet assumed in depth.
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RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo propor uma padronização de não conformidades aplicadas à fiscalização direta de sistemas de abastecimento de água, com base nos instrumentos normativos do setor de saneamento e na experiência de agências reguladoras de âmbito nacional. Elaborou-se uma lista de itens para fiscalização fundamentada na análise de checklist e resoluções normativas disponíveis nos sítios eletrônicos de três agências reguladoras. A listagem compreendeu todas as unidades do sistema e os aspectos referentes à qualidade da água. Os 179 itens abordados foram enquadrados em: não conformidades (80); sujeitos à recomendação da agência (56); e de caráter informativo (43). Essa proposta visa ao aprimoramento dos instrumentos de fiscalização e da atividade regulatória, visto que um dos objetivos da regulação é o estabelecimento de padrões e normas à adequada prestação dos serviços e à satisfação dos usuários. Adicionalmente, a padronização das não conformidades permitirá comparações mais fidedignas entre sistemas de abastecimento, favorecendo a avaliação do desempenho dos prestadores e a melhoria contínua dos serviços.
ABSTRACT This study proposes a standardization of nonconformities applied to direct inspection of water supply systems using legal instruments of sanitation sector and national regulatory agencies' experience. From the analysis of checklist and normative resolutions available in three regulatory agencies websites - ARCE, ARSI and ARES-PCJ - and of regulatory provisions related to sanitation, a list of items to check supply systems in direct inspection was made. The list includes all system units, from the water catchment areas to distribution network, besides the aspects of water quality. The items discussed were classified as: non-conformities; subject to the agency's recommendation and; for informational purposes only. The final document provides a list of 179 items for water supply systems' inspection, being 80 nonconformities, 56 items subject to the agency's recommendation and 43 items for information purposes only. This proposal is notable for the perspective of improvement supervisory tools and regulatory activity, since one of the regulation's objectives is to establish standards and norms for the adequate provision of services and customer satisfaction. In addition, the standardization of nonconformities allows for a better comparison between water supply systems from the weaknesses identified by the inspections to enable performance evaluation of service providers and encourage continuous improvement of public services.
ABSTRACT
El concepto de género no conforme o más conocido como transgénero, corresponde a un grupo de personas que no se identifican con el género asignado al nacer y/o aquellos cuya expresión de género no cae en la definición de masculino o femenino. Desde el punto de vista médico, debemos considerar que la población transgénero es un grupo de riesgo, ya que padecen mayores comorbilidades, principalmente por patología psiquiátrica y riesgo social. Desde la perspectiva de la atención en salud, existen sin duda barreras que van desde las aseguradoras que ofrecen nula o poca cobertura de prestaciones tales como terapia hormonal, apoyo psicológico y cirugía de reconstitución, hasta la atención del personal de salud, conllevando esto a que un 30% de los pacientes transgénero pospone o no consulta por temor a ser discriminado. Específicamente en los programas de residencia de ginecología y obstetricia en EE.UU, un estudio reportó que sólo un 51% contemplaba en su programa de educación el cuidado de pacientes transgénero. La mayoría de los residentes considera que se trata de un tema importante que debe ser incluido en los programas de formación.
Transgender people, also known as gender non-conforming people, are those who do not identify with the gender assigned to them at birth and/or those whose gender expression cannot be defined as feminine or masculine. The transgender population has more comorbidity, mainly psychiatric, and has higher social risk, making them a risk group from a medical point of view. There are doubtless barriers to health care ranging from lack of health insurance coverage for hormonal therapy, psychological support and reconstructive surgery to the attitude of healthcare professionals which results in 30% of transgender patients not attending healthcare for fear of being discriminated against. In the U.S.A only 51% of gynecological and obstetric residence programs address the care of transgender patients. Most residents consider it an important issue which should be included in training programs.
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Abstract Background: Homophobic harassment can compromise mental health of sexual minority youths. Objectives: This study examined the rates of persistent and multisite homophobic harassment and their associations with school difficulties during childhood and adolescence among gay and bisexual men in Taiwan. Methods: Participants were recruited through advertisements on the Facebook, Bulletin Board Systems, and the home pages of health promotion and counseling centers for the gay, lesbian, and bisexual community. The experiences of traditional and cyber harassment based on gender role nonconformity and sexual orientation of 500 gay or bisexual men were examined. The associations of multisite and persistent harassment victimization with school difficulties were evaluated. Results: A total of 239 (47.8%) and 131 (26.2%) participants experienced persistent and multisite harassment victimization, respectively. Harassment victimization was significantly associated with low satisfaction with academic performance in any stage of study. Moreover, the participants who were harassed in senior high schools were more likely to miss classes or be truant than those who were not harassed. The victims of multisite harassment at senior high schools were more likely to miss classes or be truant than those of school-only harassment. Discussion: Prevention and intervention programs are warranted to reduce homophobic harassment in sexual minority youths.
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Introducción: el Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos, garantiza la calidad de la documentación generada en los ensayos clínicos que realiza, con el uso de herramientas como la auditoria. Detecta y/o previene las dificultades, con lo que garantiza la toma de decisiones para eliminar las deficiencias y cumple así con los requisitos establecidos en las normativas nacionales e internacionales. Objetivo: mostrar las principales no conformidades o deficiencias detectadas en auditorías a documentación. Métodos: se analizaron las 29 auditorias realizadas a la documentación de los ensayos clínicos en el período desde el año 2007 hasta el 2011. Se extrajeron las no conformidades de los tres acápites que conforman el informe: revisión del completamiento de todos los capítulos, revisión de la calidad de la documentación que se está archivando y ordenamiento cronológico de la información. Resultados: las principales deficiencias se encontraron en el completamiento documental de los capítulos de la carpeta del ensayo; a su vez se detectaron informaciones desactualizadas o incompletas, así como documentos archivados fuera de lugar. Conclusiones: persisten deficiencias en la documentación que se genera durante el ensayo clínico, por lo que se incumplen de este modo con los requisitos establecidos en las Directrices sobre Buenas Prácticas Clínicas en Cuba emitidas por el Centro para el Control Estatal de los Medicamentos (CECMED) que se relacionan con el protocolo del ensayo(AU)
Introduction: the National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials guarantees the quality of the documentation issued in clinical trials with the use of tools such as auditing. It detects and/or prevents difficulties, thus assuring decision-making to eliminate deficiencies and to fulfil the requirements of national and international regulations. Objective: to show the major nonconformities or deficiencies identified in audits of clinical trial documentation. Methods: an analysis of 29 audits of clinical trial documentation from 2007 to 2011. The nonconformities of the three sections that comprise the report were considered: review of the completion of each chapter, review of the quality of the filed documentation and chronological data arrangement. Results: the main weaknesses were found in the documentary completion of chapters in the clinical trial folder in addition to outdated or incomplete data and wrongly filed documents. Conclusions: there are still deficiencies in the documentation generated during the clinical trial, and consequently, there is non-compliance of the requirements of the Guidelines on Good Clinical Practices in Cuba issued by the Center for the State Control of Drugs (CECMED) and related to the trial protocol(AU)
Subject(s)
Quality Control , Documentation/standards , Clinical Trials as Topic/methods , CubaABSTRACT
[<b>summery</b>]<br> Our hospital appointed a pharmacist to be safety control manager of drugs. With the aim of promoting an appropriate use of drugs, the safety control manager of drugs ensures the appropriate storage, the expiration, and the use record with control drugs following the business procedure every month. These requirements were confirmed at all divisions of hospital, and then the nonconformity was recorded following the procedure.<br> The largest number of nonconformity were entry on drugs unseal date and an exceeded the cutoff point of inventory. We couldn’t gain sufficient improvement about an appropriate use of drugs. The causes of this nonconformity were dispersion of drugs at each division and insufficient inventory control of drugs. We attempted to gather and to keep drugs into one group. As a result, the number of nonconformity greatly decreased at all divisions. The amount of money of stock in hospital was decreased by about 20%.<br> These results suggested that the confirmation of requirements with business procedure by the safety control manager’s rounds of hospital was extremely helpful method with an appropriate use of drugs.