An investigation on nurse-related empowerment perception of inpatients with chronic diseases / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To describe the status and influencing factors of nurse-related empowerment perception in inpatients with chronic diseases.Methods:Totally 586 inpatients with chronic diseases from 6 class A hospitals in Shanghai from November 2019 to September 2020 were investigated by the Chinese version of Patient Perception of Patient-empowering Nurses Behaviors (PPPNBS), Self-Efficacy of Chronic Diseases (SECD6), Nurse-patient Trust Scale (NPTS), Chinese version of Chronic Illness Resource Survey (CV-CIRS) and a general information questionnaire which was designed by researchers.Results:The total score of PPPNBS was (134.98 ± 59.60) points, and the average score for each item was (6.14 ± 2.71) points. The total score of SECD6 was (38.81 ± 9.28) points. The total score of NPTS was (141.94 ± 11.42) points, and the total score of CV-CIRS was (57.90 ± 15.24) points, which were positively correlated with empowerment perception through Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple Linear Regression showed that the degree of education, the number of forms and compliance of health education, the times of admission, participation intention in medical decision-making, the dimension of Symptom Management in Self-efficacy, three dimensions of consistency, respect, and confidence in knowledge and technology in Nurse-Patient Trust degree and four dimensions of medical staff support, organization support, family and friends support, media and government support in Chronic Illness Resource were influencing factors of patients ′ empowerment perception (adjusted R 2 value was 0.636, F value was 79.441, P<0.01). Conclusions:Compared with the foreign level, the perception of nurses ′ empowerment of inpatients with chronic diseases is at a lower level, and self-efficacy, nurse-patient trust and chronic disease resource support are all at a medium level, which still need to be improved. Nurses should allow them to participate in their treatment, improve the control of life and reduce their anxiety.

Modelos y teorías para la atención de enfermería al adulto mayor desde una dimensión de relación enfermera-paciente-cuidador / Models and Theories for Nursing care for the elderly from a nurse-patient-caregiver relationship dimension

Introducción: El uso del conocimiento sustantivo para la enfermería basada en la teoría es una cualidad característica de su práctica, beneficioso para los pacientes en cuanto a que guía los cuidados de enfermería de forma sistemática y erudita. Sin embargo, la práctica está plagada de múltiples ejemplos de desapego a la teoría. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo teórico para la atención de enfermería al adulto mayor. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de teoría fundamentada, realizado en La Habana, durante el año 2016. Confluyeron para el mismo 3 poblaciones conformadas por 13 especialistas, 15 enfermeros de servicios geriátricos y 19 cuidadores de adultos mayores. A partir de un muestreo no probabilístico, se precisó la muestra y su tamaño se determinó por saturación teórica, la cual quedó conformada por 8 especialistas, 10 enfermeros de servicios geriátricos y 9 cuidadores de adultos mayores. Se realizó entrevista en profundidad y análisis de discurso, lo cual permitió la construcción del paradigma codificado. Resultados: Se reconoce la importancia de modelos teóricos que representen la práctica de enfermería según el contexto en que se desarrollan y la necesidad de implicación del cuidador para la atención de enfermería al adulto mayor en relaciones de colaboración y cooperación. Conclusiones: El modelo del triángulo geriátrico diseñado describe la relación enfermera-paciente-cuidador en servicios hospitalizados. Las relaciones de colaboración y cooperación que se dan entre la enfermera, el paciente y el cuidador caracterizan el proceso de atención de enfermería en la atención al adulto mayor, en servicios hospitalizados(AU)

Introduction: the use of substantive knowledge for theory-based nursing is a characteristic quality of its practice. Beneficial to patients in that it guides nursing care in a systematic and scholarly way. However, the practice is riddled with multiple examples of detachment fromthetheory. Objective : to design a theoretical model for nursing care for the elderly. Methods: qualitative study of grounded theory, carried out in Havana, during 2016. Three populations made up of 13 specialists, 15 nurses from geriatric services and 19 caregivers of older adults came together for this. From a non-probability sampling, the sample is precise and its size is determined by theoretical saturation. Which was made up of eight specialists, ten nurses from geriatric services and nine caregivers of older adults. In-depth interview and discourse analysis were carried out, which allowed the construction of the codifieparadigm. Results : The importance of theoretical models that represent nursing practice according to the context in which they are developed is recognized. The need for caregiver involvement in nursing care for the elderly in collaborative and cooperative relationships. Conclusions: The designed geriatric triangle model describes the nurse-patient-caregiver relationship in hospitalized services. The collaborative and cooperative relationships that exist between the nurse, the patient and the caregiver; they characterize the nursing care process in the care of the elderly, in hospitalized services(AU)

Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On “Knowledge On Assertive Communication And Its Benefits In Nurse Patient Relationship” Among B.Sc. Nursing Students In Selected Nursing Colleges At Belgaum

Statement of the problem: A Study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on “Knowledge on Assertive Communication and its benefits in Nurse Patient Relationship” among B.Sc. Nursing students in selected nursing colleges at Belgaum”. Background: Assertive communication consists of shå wants and needs honestly in a safe manner and focuses on the issue, not the person, nurse patient relationship sets the tone of the care experience and has powerful impact on patient satisfaction. Lack of assertive communication in nurses while cå for a patient causes anxiety, frustration, discontentment, discouragement in the patient and thus affects the health of the patient. Objectives of the study: 1. To assess the pre test levels of knowledge on assertive communication and its benefits in nurse patient relationship of B.Sc. nursing students. 2. To assess the post test levels of knowledge on assertive communication and its benefits in nurse patient relationship of the study participants. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of STP on assertive communication and its benefits in Nurse Patient Relationship by compå the differences between the pre test and post test knowledge scores. 4. To associate the pre test knowledge score with selected socio demographic variables of the study participants. Methods: An evaluative approach with one group pre–test post–test design was used for the study. Simple random sampling technique is used to select the samples by using lottery method was used to draw 40 adolescent students as samples. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion: The findings of the study proved that effectiveness of structured teaching programme is an effective measure to improve the knowledge on assertive communication and its benefits in Nurse Patient Relationshipamong Nursing Students.

O enfermeiro no pré-natal: expectativas de gestantes / The nurse in prenatal care: the pregnant women expectations / La enfermera en el prenatal: expectativas de las mujeres embarazadas

Objetivo: Buscar evidências, aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a temática e descrever sobre a expectativa da gestante quando o enfermeiro é inserido em seu pré-natal. Método: Pesquisa de campo de cunho qualitativo, exploratório descritivo, realizada em uma Clínica da Família, localizada no Município de Duque de Caxias no Estado do Rio de Janeiro com 15 gestantes inseridas no pré-natal, através de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Os depoimentos deram origem a cinco categorias: características sociodemográficas das gestantes, entendimento da gestante sobre o pré-natal, sentimentos das gestantes, frente a assistência de enfermagem no pré-natal, diferencial da consulta de enfermagem, melhorias nas consultas e duas subcategorias: sentimentos das gestantes antes da realização da consulta e sentimentos das gestantes após a realização da consulta. Conclusão: Apesar das avaliações positivas em relação à consulta de enfermagem, ainda fazem-se necessárias algumas melhorias no atendimento e cabe a equipe de saúde esclarecer aos usuários suas atribuições

Objective: The study's purpose has been to look for evidences aiming to gain further understanding with regards to the subject, as well as to describe the expectation of the pregnant woman when the nurse is present in her prenatal care. Methods: It as a descriptive-exploratory field study with a qualitative approach, which was performed at a Family Hospital located in Duque de Caxias city, Rio de Janeiro State. The study counted with 15 pregnant women enrolled in the prenatal care and used a semi-structured interview in order to collect data. Results: The reports' analysis resulted into five categories, as follows: sociodemographic data of pregnant women; viewpoint of the pregnant woman about prenatal care; pregnant women's feelings when facing the nursing care during prenatal care; nursing consultation distinction; consultation improvements; and also into the two following subcategories: pregnant women's feelings before the consultation; and, pregnant women's feelings after the consultation. Conclusion: In spite of the positive evaluations regarding the nursing consultation, some improvements in the service are still necessary, and the health team must clarify their attributions to the users

Objetivo: Buscar evidencias, profundizar el conocimiento sobre la temática y describir sobre la expectativa de mujeres embarazadas cuando el enfermero se inserta en su prenatal. Método: Búsqueda de campo de cuño cualitativo, exploratorio descriptivo, realizado en una Clínica de la Familia, ubicada en el Municipio de Duque de Caxias en el Estado de Río de Janeiro con 15 embarazadas insertadas en el prenatal, através de entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: Las respuestas dieron originaron cinco categorías: características sociodemográficas de las mujeres embarazadas, entendimiento de las embarazadas sobre el prenatal, sentimientos de las embarazadas, frente a la asistencia de enfermería en el prenatal, diferencial de la consulta de enfermería, mejoras en las consultas y dos subcategorías: Sentimientos de las embarazadas antes de la realización de la consulta y sentimientos de las embarazadas despues la realización de la consulta. Conclusión: Apesar de las evaluaciones positivas en relación a la consulta de enfermería, todavía se hacen necesarias algunas mejoras en la atención y cabe al equipo de salud aclarar a los usuarios sus atribuciones

Programa cognitivo conductual para fortalecer habilidades de comunicación enfermera paciente / Cognitive-behavioral program to strengthen the nurse-patient communication / Programa cognitivo comportamental para fortalecer habilidades de comunicação enfermeira paciente

Introducción: La comunicación enfermera paciente es eje articulador de los cuidados, requiere habilidades específicas de comunicación verbal y no verbal. El entrenamiento con estrategias cognitivo conductuales para el fomento de estas habilidades coadyuva en forma importante en el establecimiento de relaciones terapéuticas de la práctica profesional de enfermería; estas técnicas han sido ampliamente aplicadas, en el presente caso se utilizó el Aprendizaje Estructurado, cuyo objetivo se centra en el cambio de comportamiento, sin dejar de reconocer que también propicia cambios favorables en sentimientos y actitudes. Este artículo se enfoca en dar a conocer la aplicación práctica de un programa para enfermeras sobre el fortalecimiento de habilidades de comunicación. Desarrollo: Las habilidades seleccionadas en el desarrollo de este programa con el apoyo de la estrategia Aprendizaje Estructurado fueron: Escuchar, Expresar aliento, Expresar un cumplido, Responder a los sentimientos del otro, Responder a una queja, Responder al enojo y Expresar afecto. Se registraron conductas verbales y no verbales individuales durante el entrenamiento, para mostrar la presencia o ausencia del comportamiento, en su caso la adquisición y el número de ensayos necesarios para lograrlo. Se presentan los registros de tres de las siete habilidades incluidas en el programa, con la finalidad de dar a conocer el desarrollo del aprendizaje durante la implementación. Conclusiones: El programa de entrenamiento dio la oportunidad de fortalecer habilidades de comunicación en las enfermeras, especialmente en el ámbito de la comunicación verbal, elemento que favorecerá una mayor identificación entre enfermeras y pacientes con el indudable beneficio para la detección de necesidades del paciente y establecimiento de planes de cuidado.

Introduction: Nurse-patient communication is the axis of care provision, and thus requires specific verbal and non-verbal abilities. Training using cognitive behavioral strategies can help establish the appropriate therapeutic relationships of the nursing professional practice. These methodologies have been broadly utilized, and we used the Structured Learning approach which promotes behavior changes, including improvements in the feelings and attitudes. This article focuses on publicizing the practical application of a program for nurses on strengthening communication skills. Development The skills of interest were: Listening; Expressing value; Expressing compliment; Responding to the feelings of others; Responding to a complaint; Responding to anger; and Expressing affection. Individual verbal and non-verbal behaviors were registered during the training sessions to acknowledge the absence of the desired behaviors, as well as number of trials needed to acquire the abilities of interest. In order to show the development of the program, registers of three of the seven abilities considered are displayed. Conclusions: The training program provided the opportunity to strengthen the communication abilities of nurses, particularly around verbal communication. The resulting improvements will favor a greater identification and interaction between nurses and patients and will allow the design and execution of better plans of care.

Introdução: A comunicação enfermeira-paciente é eixo articulador dos cuidados, requer habilidades específicas de comunicação verbal e não verbal. O treinamento com estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais para o fomento destas habilidades contribui em forma importante no estabelecimento de relações terapêuticas da prática profissional de enfermagem; estas técnicas foram largamente aplicadas, no presente caso utilizou-se a Aprendizagem Estruturada, cujo objetivo centra-se na mudança de comportamento, sem deixar de reconhecer que também propicia câmbios favoráveis em sentimentos e atitudes. Deste artigo focaliza-se em dar a conhecer a aplicação prática de um programa para enfermeiras sobre o fortalecimento de habilidades de comunicação. Desenvolvimento As habilidades escolhidas no desenvolvimento deste programa com o apoio da estratégia Aprendizagem Estruturada foram: Escutar, Encorajar, Expressar um elogio, Responder aos sentimentos do outro, Responder a uma queixa, Responder à raiva e Expressar afeto. Realizaram-se registros de comportamentos verbais e não verbais individuais durante o treinamento, com o fim de mostrar a presença ou ausência do comportamento, em seu caso a aquisição e o número de ensaios necessários para consegui-lo. Apresentaram-se os registros de três das sete habilidades incluídas no programa, com a finalidade de dar a conhecer o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem durante a implementação. Conclusões: A execução do programa de treinamento deu a oportunidade de fortalecer habilidades de comunicação nas enfermeiras, especialmente no âmbito da comunicação verbal, elemento que favorecerá uma maior identificação entre enfermeiras e pacientes com o indubitável benefício para a detecção de necessidades do paciente e estabelecimento de planos de cuidado.

Prevention of Nurse-patient Disputes under the "4P" Medical Model / 中国医学伦理学

At present, the medical mode has changed from bio-psycho-social medical model to "4 P" medical mode. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the individual needs of patients, treat patients equally, adheres to the principle of faith and compliance, and adhere to the humanistic nursing concept. To prevent nurse-patient disputes, we should start from three aspects. Firstly, we should reform the current model of nurse education and training, reform the content of education and attach importance to moral sentiment education. Secondly, we should strengthen the cooperation between doctors and nurses, improve the level of health education, and build a harmonious nursing environment and a social atmosphere of respecting medical staff. Finally, we call for strengthening medical legislation and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of nurses with legal weapons.

Study on the Correlation between Caring Perception Status of Patients and Nurse-patient Relationship Trust Degree / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To investigate the perception status of inpatients to nurses' caring behavior, and analyze the correlation between them and nurse-patient relationship trust degree. Methods:Adopting general information questionnaire, Caring Behaviors Inventory ( CBI) , nurse-patient relationship trust scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 226 inpatients in a third class A tertiary hospital in Tianjin. Results:The total score of ca-ring behavior perception was (96. 92 ± 15. 68), and among the four dimensions, the perception of patients to nur-ses' knowledge and skills was deepest, the perception to nurse' s contact with patients was worst; total score of nurse-patient trust scale was (124. 75 ± 19. 13). There was a positive correlation between the total score of pa-tients' caring perception and nurse-patient relationship trust degree (r=0. 554);multiple linear stepwise regres-sion analysis showed respect for patients, support and assurance were the main factors influencing the nurse-pa-tient relationship trust degree. Conclusion:The patients' perception on nurses' caring behavior and nurse-pa-tient relationship trust degree is closely related. Nurses should carry out targeted care to patients with different char-acteristics to improve patients' trust to nurses and construct a harmonious nurse-patient relationship.

Cuidar la relación enfermera-paciente a través de la lente Caritas: una revisión integradora / Caring in the Nurse-Patient Relationship through the Caritas Lens:An Integrative Review

Esta revisión integradora de la literatura es una exploración de la investigación actual sobre el fenómeno del cuidado en la relación enfermera-paciente. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando CINAHL, Google Scholar, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Ovid Nursing, ProQuest Nursing, las revistas SAGE en línea y ScienceDirect. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando los 10 procesos de Caritas de Watson como un marco descriptivo y categórico. El resumen narrativo se utilizó para informar los hallazgos. Los resultados muestran la aparición de conceptos complejos. Se encontró una falta de coherencia entre las percepciones de las enfermeras y los pacientes. Se necesita más investigación para generar más conocimiento sobre el fenómeno del cuidado en la relación enfermera-paciente

This integrative review of the literature is an exploration of current research on the phenomenon of caring in the nurse-patient relationship. A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Google Scholar, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Ovid Nursing, ProQuest Nursing, SAGE journals online, and ScienceDirect. Data analysis was performed using Watson's 10 Caritas Processes as a descriptive, categorical framework. Narrative summary was used to report findings. Results show emergence of complex concepts. Incongruence was found between nurses' and patients' perceptions. Further research is needed to generate more knowledge regarding the phenomenon of caring in the nurse-patient relationship.

Facing death in the clinical practice: a view from nurses in Mexico / Enfrentando la muerte en la práctica clínica: una visión desde la enfermería en México

Abstract: Objective: To explore the views of nurses on death in their practice, and their perception about physicians' actions dealing with terminally ill patients. Materials and methods: Two hundred ninety-five nurses with experience caring for terminally ill patients responded to a questionnaire developed for this study. Results: The majority of participants considered that terminally ill patients should know about their prognosis. Although nearly all nurses said that when a patient brings up the subject and they talk with the patient about death, several of the nurses find it difficult to establish a relationship with these patients. Concerning nurses' perception about physicians' actions, they considered that physicians avoid the subject of death with their patients more than the physicians acknowledge. Conclusions: More education and training of physicians and nurses on end-of-life issues is needed to improve communication with dying patients and to provide them with better care.

Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar las opiniones de enfermeras y enfermeros sobre el tema de la muerte en su práctica clínica, así como su percepción sobre las acciones de los médicos que tratan pacientes en fase terminal. Material y métodos: Doscientas noventa y cinco enfermeras y enfermeros con experiencia en enfermos terminales respondieron un cuestionario que fue desarrollado para este estudio. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes consideraron que los enfermos terminales deben conocer su pronóstico. Aunque casi todos dijeron que cuando los pacientes abordan el tema de la muerte hablan con ellos al respecto, varios encuentran difícil establecer una relación con ellos. En cuanto a su percepción sobre los médicos, el personal de enfermería considera que éstos evitan el tema de la muerte con sus pacientes más de lo que reconocen. Conclusiones: Es necesario brindar capacitación a médicos y personal de enfermería sobre temas relacionados con el fin de la vida para mejorar su comunicación con los pacientes terminales y brindarles una mejor atención.

Validation of the self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism for nurses / Certificación de la autoevaluación de las habilidades de comunicación y profesionalismo para enfermeros / Validação do self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism para enfermeiros

ABSTRACT Objectives: to translate, adapt cross-culturally and validate into Brazilian Portuguese the following instrument: "Self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism in residents" for the nursing professional, and to determine if personal characteristics and performance of the nurse interfere in the self-assessment about professionalism and interpersonal communication. Method: quantitative study. Results: the sample consisted of 110 nurses with mean age of 32 years old (± 7.3), most of them were women (n = 80; 72.7%). The internal consistency of the scale "Autoavaliação sobre profissionalismo e comunicação interpessoal entre enfermeiro e paciente" presented moderate and satisfactory reliability (α=0,712). Factorial analysis identified four factors: Interpersonal Skills, Exchange of Information, Honesty in the Relationship and Professionalism. Conclusion: the instrument is valid and reliable in Portuguese and for Brazilian culture. Interpersonal Skills changed with gender and marital status. Ability to exchange information was influenced by gender and working sector. Self-assessment of professionalism changed with marital status.

RESUMEN Objetivos: traducir, adaptar culturalmente y certificar para la lengua portuguesa el instrumento de Autoevaluación de las Habilidades de Comunicación y Profesionalismo de residentes para el enfermero profesional y evaluar si las características personales y de actuación del enfermero interfieren en la autoevaluación del profesionalismo y de la comunicación interpersonal. Método: trata-se de un estudio metodológico cuantitativo. Resultados: La muestra estaba formada por 110 enfermeros con edad promedio de 32 años (±7,3) y la mayoría eran mujeres (n=80; 72,7%). La consistencia interna da la escala "Autoevaluación sobre profesionalismo y comunicación interpersonal entre enfermero y paciente" demostró confiabilidad moderada y satisfactoria (α=0,712). El análisis factorial identificó cuatro factores: Habilidad Interpersonal, Intercambio de Información, Sinceridad en las Relaciones y Profesionalismo. Conclusión: el instrumento es válido y confiable en la lengua portuguesa y para la cultura brasileña. La habilidad interpersonal osciló en relación con el sexo y el estado civil. El intercambio de informaciones fue influenciado por el sexo y el sector de actuación. La autoevaluación del profesionalismo sufrió variaciones según el estado civil.

RESUMO Objetivos: traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar para o português o instrumento Self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism in residents para o profissional enfermeiro e avaliar se características pessoais e de atuação do enfermeiro interferem na autoavaliação sobre o profissionalismo e comunicação interpessoal. Método: estudo metodológico quantitativo. Resultados: A amostra foi de 110 enfermeiros com média de idade de 32 anos (±7,3) e a maioria mulheres (n=80; 72,7%). A consistência interna da escala "Autoavaliação sobre profissionalismo e comunicação interpessoal entre enfermeiro e paciente" apresentou confiabilidade moderada e satisfatória (α=0,712). A análise fatorial identificou quatro fatores: Habilidade Interpessoal, Troca de Informação, Sinceridade na Relação e Profissionalismo. Conclusão: o instrumento é válido e confiável na língua portuguesa e para a cultura brasileira. A habilidade interpessoal modificou-se com sexo e estado civil. A troca de informações foi influenciada pelo sexo e setor de atuação. A autoavaliação do profissionalismo modificou-se com estado civil.

The Ethical Problems and Countermeasures in Developing Quality Nursing Service in Operating Rooms / 中国医学伦理学

The operating room is the main place of surgery,but there exist many ethical problems when developing quality nursing service in operating rooms.These problems mainly related to the imperfect preoperative and postoperative visit systems,the lack of effective communication and protection of patients privacy during the operations,and the lack of self-discipline spirit.To solve these problems,we should improve the preoperative and postoperative visit system,strengthen the psychological counseling for patients,cultivate the nurses' self-discipline spirit,respect and protect the privacy of patients,so as to improve the quality of nursing service in the operation rooms,and better service for patients.

Reflections on Humanistic Care in Patients with Malignant Lymphoma during Hospitalization / 中国医学伦理学

This paper introduces the implementation method of humanistic care nursing in the concrete work process,and puts forward some thoughts on the humanistic care nursing process,such as setting up the nursing concept with the patient-oriented;To establish the management norms of humanistic care;To develop the humanistic care model,ward or hospital,etc.In the future work will continue to deepen the connotation of humanistic care,and do a good humanistic care services.

Effects of Humanistic Care in the Management of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To explore the effect of humanistic care in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods:Totally 51 patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,between September 2014 and July 2016,and were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in the intervention group (n =25) received humanistic care,while those in the control group (n =26) received routine nursing.The incidence of adverse psychological status and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence rate of adverse psychological state in the intervention group (16％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (53％),while the nursing satisfaction in the interventiongroup (92％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (69％),P ＜0.05.Conclusion:Application of humanistic care in the patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can significantly improve nursing satisfaction and reduce the incidence of adverse psychological state,which will improve the confidence of the patients and the quality of nursing satisfaction.Consequently,it will promote the relationship between the nurses and patients.

Escala Calidez de Enfermagem (ECAE): construção e validação / Nursing Warmth Scale (ECAE): construction and validation

Introdução: Calor humano (calidez em espanhol) é um atributo de grande importância na saúde, mas pouco estudado. Não existe um conceito universalmente aceito sobre calor humano, quais os fatores que o compõem ou como medi-lo. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar os comportamentos e fatores de calor humano, construir definição desse construto e uma escala para medí-lo. Método: Estudo metodológica para construir e validar uma escala. Foi desenvolvido em três fases, de acordo com o proposto por Pasquali. Na fase de procedimentos teóricos foram identificados na literatura e por meio de entrevistas a 23 pacientes e 25 enfermeiras, comportamentos representativos de calor humano em enfermagem. Na fase empírica, esses comportamentos foram testados junto a pacientes internados. A fase analítica foi a identificação de fatores e das propriedades psicométricas. Resultados: A escala foi testada em 476 pacientes de instituições públicas e privadas. A análise psicométrica foi realizada utilizando o método de factores comuns, eixos principais e a rotação oblíqua. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória identificou 5 fatores e 35 itens e o Alfa de Cronbach testo a confiabilidade. Os fatores foram: F1-Conexão- relação não-verbal para o outro ( =0,943), F2-Empatia ( =0,909), F3- Conexão- relação verbal para o outro ( =0,914), F4- Inclusão ( =0,858) e F5- Confiança ( =0,852). O Alfa Cronbach total foi 0,93. O Índice de Tucker Lewis foi de 0,901. É possível obter-se escore por fator e total da ECAE e quando mais alto o escore, maior o calor humano. Após as fases teórica, empirica e analítica do estudo o conceito de calor humano foi estabelecido como O calorhumano é a capacidade de estabelecer e manter um relacionamento próximo e acolhedor que demonstre por meio de comportamentos verbais e não verbais, conexão e relacionamento com os outros, empatia, inclusão e confiança, de modo que, para o outro, significa uma experiência agradável. Conclusão: Construíu-se a Escala de Calor Humano em Enfermagem (ECAE), propos-se o conceito de calor humano em enfermagem e chave de escore para medir esse fenômeno. Trata-se de contribuição original que pode ser útil na clínica, ensino e pesquisa para a avaliação das competências interpessoais em enfermagem.

Introduction: Warmth is an important attribute in health care; however, it is a scarcely studied phenomenon. There is no universally accepted concept of warmth, component description and/or measurement. The purposes of this research were to identify behaviors and factors associated with warmth, build a definition of this construct and a scale to measure it. Method: Methodological study about the building and validation of a measurement scale, developed in three phases, as proposed by Pasquali. In the theoretical phase, behaviors associated with warmth in nursing were identified by reviewing the literature and interviewing 23 patients and 25 nurses. In the empirical phase, these behaviors were tested with inpatients. In the analytical phase, factors and psychometric properties were identified. Results: The scale was applied to 476 patients of public and private institutions. The psychometric analysis was performed using the common factor method, main axes and oblique rotation. The Exploratory Factor Analysis identified 5 factors and 35 items, and Cronbachs Alpha measured reliability. The factors were: F1 - Non-verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.943), F2 - Empathy (=0.909), F3 - Verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.914), F4 - Inclusion (=0.858) and F5 - Confidence (=0.852). The total Cronbachs Alpha was 0.93. The Tucker-Lewis index was 0.901. It is possible to obtain a score by factor and by total, and the higher the score, the higher the human warmth. After the theoretical, empirical and analytical phases of the study, the construct was established as warmth is the ability to establish and maintain a close, welcoming relationship that demonstrates, through verbal and non-verbal behaviors, connection and relationship with the other person, empathy, inclusion and confidence, so that it finally means a pleasant experience for the other person. Conclusion: The Nursing Warmth Scale (ECAE) was developed, and a concept of warmth in nursing and a measurement scale were proposed. It is an original contribution that may be useful in clinical practices, teaching and research for the evaluation of interpersonal skills in nursing.

O cuidado de enfermagem e suas representações no contexto da hemodiálise: aproximações e distanciamentos entre os seus atores sociais / Nursing care and its representations in the context of hemodialysis: approximations and distances between its social actors

O presente trabalho é fruto de uma tese de doutorado, cujo objeto é o cuidado de enfermagem prestado ao paciente tratado com hemodiálise. A fim de tratar deste objeto, propomos o seguinte objetivo geral: Analisar o cuidado oferecido pelos profissionais de enfermagem e o paciente no contexto da HD. Como objetivos específicos: 1) Identificar a representação social da equipe de enfermagem para o grupo de pacientes tratados através da hemodiálise; 2) Identificar a representação social dos usuários dos serviços de hemodiálise para os profissionais de enfermagem; 3) Descrever a representação social do cuidado de enfermagem para ambos os grupos estudados; 4) Discutir a relação entre os profissionais de enfermagem e pacientes no contexto da HD, a partir dos objetos representacionais estudados. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Sérge Moscovici. O referencial metodológico inclui a utilização da estatística descritiva para análise de informações sociodemográficas e do Instrumento de Satisfação dos Pacientes. Além disso, foi utilizada a Teoria das Representações Sociais, para realização da análise estrutural de evocações e da análise processual de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O estudo foi realizado em dois centros de diálise da zona norte do Rio de Janeiro e no total foram incluídos 100 pacientes que realizam hemodiálise e 100 profissionais (entre enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem) que atuam neste cenário. A coleta de dados compreendeu uma fase de caracterização sociodemográfica; a aplicação de um instrumento de satisfação dos pacientes quanto ao cuidado de enfermagem; a coleta de evocações livres e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados do estudo apontam para a realização do cuidado de enfermagem voltado para a dimensão técnica por parte dos profissionais, ao passo que os pacientes têm a expectativa do acolhimento e da valorização da dimensão humana. Os profissionais vivem um movimento ambíguo onde desejam o reconhecimento dos pacientes, ao mesmo tempo em que pretendem manter a relação limitada à realização de normas e rotinas. Os pacientes lidam com as dificuldades da adaptação à HD, e por vezes a insatisfação com a própria vida pode comprometer o relacionamento com os demais. Os enfermeiros foram considerados como profissionais especializados, dotados de muita responsabilidade e, no entanto, distantes do cuidado direto; ao passo que os técnicos de enfermagem foram representados como aqueles que estão diretamente relacionados ao cuidado. É importante buscar formas de transformar a realidade do cuidado nos centros de diálise de forma que a lacuna existente entre os pacientes e os profissionais seja preenchida, proporcionando maior satisfação aos profissionais e usuários.

The present work is the result of a doctoral thesis, whose object is the nursing care provided to the patient under hemodialysis. In order to address this object, we propose the following general objective: To analyze the care offered by nursing professionals and the patient in the context of HD. As specific objectives: 1) To identify the social representation of the nursing team for the group of patients treated through hemodialysis; 2) To identify the social representation of users of hemodialysis services for nursing professionals; 3) To describe the social representation of nursing care for both groups; 4) To discuss the relationship between nursing professionals and patients in the context of HD, based on the representational objects studied. The theoretical reference used was the Social Representation Theory of Sérge Moscovici. The methodological framework includes the use of descriptive statistics for the analysis of sociodemographic information and the Patient Satisfaction Instrument. In addition, the Theory of Social Representations was used to perform the structural analysis of evocations and the procedural analysis of semi-structured interviews. The study was carried out in two dialysis centers in the northern area of Rio de Janeiro, and a total of 100 patients undergoing hemodialysis and 100 professionals (among nurses and nursing technicians) were included in this scenario. Data collection included a sociodemographic characterization phase; The application of an instrument of patient satisfaction regarding nursing care; The collection of free evocations and a semi-structured interview. The results of the study point to the realization of the nursing care focused on the technical dimension by the professionals, while the patients have the expectation of receiving and appreciating the human dimension. The professionals live an ambiguous movement where they want the recognition of the patients, while at the same time they want to maintain the relation limited to the realization of norms and routines. Patients deal with the difficulties of adapting to HD, and sometimes dissatisfaction with one's life can compromise the relationship with others. The nurses were considered as specialized professionals, endowed with a lot of responsibility and, however, distant from direct care; While nursing technicians were represented as those who are directly related to care. It is important to look for ways to transform the reality of care in dialysis centers so that the gap between patients and professionals is fulfilled, providing greater satisfaction to professionals and users.

El presente trabajo es el fruto de una tesis doctoral, cuyo objeto es la atención de enfermería proporcionada al paciente en tratamiento con hemodiálisis. A fin de lidiar con este objeto, proponemos el siguiente objetivo general: analizar los cuidados prestados por los profesionales de enfermería y el paciente en el contexto de la alta definición. Como objetivos específicos: 1) identificar la representación social del equipo de enfermería para el grupo de pacientes tratados por hemodiálisis; 2) Identificar la representación social de los usuarios del servicio de hemodiálisis para los profesionales de enfermería; 3) describir la representación social de los cuidados de enfermería para ambos grupos; 4) discutir la relación entre los profesionales de enfermería y los pacientes en el contexto de la alta definición, desde objetos de representación bajo estudio. El marco teórico utilizado fue la teoría de las representaciones sociales de Moscovici Sérge. El marco metodológico incluye la utilización de la estadística descriptiva para el análisis de la información demográfica y el instrumento de satisfacción del paciente. Además, hemos utilizado la teoría de las representaciones sociales, para llevar a cabo el análisis estructural de connotaciones y el procedimiento de análisis de entrevistas semi-estructuradas. El estudio se realizó en dos centros de diálisis de la zona norte de Río de Janeiro y en total se incluyeron 100 pacientes que realizar hemodiálisis y 100 profesionales (entre enfermeras y técnicos) que operan en este escenario. La recopilación de información incluyó una fase de Caracterización sociodemográfica; la aplicación de un instrumento de satisfacción del paciente relacionadas con los cuidados de enfermería; la colección de connotaciones y una entrevista semi-estructurada. Los resultados del estudio indican que el logro de la atención de enfermería dirigido a la dimensión técnica por profesionales, mientras que los pacientes tengan la expectativa de la aceptación y el reconocimiento de la dimensión humana. Los profesionales están viviendo un movimiento ambiguo donde quieren el reconocimiento de los pacientes al mismo tiempo que desean mantener la relación está limitada por las normas y rutinas. Los pacientes lidiar con las dificultades de adaptación a HD y, a veces, la insatisfacción con la propia vida puede comprometer su relación con los demás. Las enfermeras fueron consideradas como profesionales especializados, con mucha responsabilidad y, sin embargo, lejos de la atención directa; mientras que las enfermeras son representadas como aquellos que están directamente relacionados con el cuidado. Es importante buscar los medios para transformar la realidad de la atención en los centros de diálisis, de manera que la brecha entre los pacientes y los profesionales son completados, proporcionando una mayor satisfacción para los profesionales y usuarios.

Atenção às necessidades espirituais na prática clínica de enfermeiros / Attention to Spiritual Needs in Clinical Nursing Practice / Atención a las necesidades espirituales en la práctica clínica de enfermeros

Ao considerar a integralidade do cuidado, é necessário que os enfermeiros sistematizem o cuidado espiritual e proponham intervenções nessa dimensão aos seus pacientes. Objetivo: analisar a compreensão do enfermeiro acerca do cuidado espiritual e a sua experiência na promoção desse cuidado aos pacientes na prática clínica. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com análise qualitativa dos dados, desenvolvida com 17 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram analisadas mediante análise de conteúdo qualitativa. Resultados: os enfermeiros identificaram a necessidade de intervenção na dimensão espiritual dos seus pacientes e consideraram importante atender a essa necessidade, porém eles apresentaram dificuldades em oferecer esse cuidado. Falta de conhecimento e organização do processo de trabalho foram dificuldades citadas para a não realização do cuidado espiritual e para a priorização dos cuidados físicos. Aponta-se, ainda, que o cuidado espiritual, quando oferecido, não foi sistematizado. Conclusão: esta pesquisa apresenta potencial para suscitar discussões quanto à formação do enfermeiro para o oferecimento do cuidado espiritual, além de demonstrar suas dificuldades e facilidades para a prestação de tal cuidado no cotidiano do trabalho da enfermagem.

When looking at comprehensive care, nurses need to systematize spiritual care and propose these kinds of interventions for their patients. Objective: Analyze nurses' understanding of spiritual care and their experience in encouraging this type of attention for patients in clinical practice. Method: This is a descriptive study featuring a qualitative analysis of data. The sample included 17 nurses. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and examined via qualitative content analysis. Results: The nurses who participated in the study indicated there is a need for intervention to attend to the spiritual needs of patients and felt it is important to address this dimension of health care. However, they have difficulty in providing spiritual care. Lack of know-how and the way their work is organized were cited as obstacles to providing spiritual care, as was the priority on physical care. The nurses in the sample also noted that spiritual care, when offered, is not systematized. Conclusion: The research in question has the potential to encourage discussion on how nurses can be trained to offer spiritual care. It also demonstrates the difficulties they encounter and the kind of facilities or conditions they require to provide spiritual care in everyday nursing practice.

Al considerar la integralidad del cuidado, es necesario que los enfermeros sistematicen el cuidado espiritual y propongan intervenciones en esta dimensión a sus pacientes. Objetivo: analizar la comprensión del enfermero acerca del cuidado espiritual y su experiencia en la promoción de este cuidado a los pacientes en la práctica clínica. Método: investigación descriptiva, con análisis cualitativo de los datos, desarrollada con 17 enfermeros. Se recolectaron los datos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizadas mediante análisis de contenido cualitativo. Resultados: los enfermeros identificaron la necesidad de intervención en la dimensión espiritual de sus pacientes y consideraron importante atender a esta necesidad; sin embargo, ellos presentaron dificultades en brindar este cuidado. Falta de conocimiento y organización del proceso de trabajo fueron dificultades citadas para la no realización del cuidado espiritual y la priorización de los cuidados físicos. Se señala, aun, que el cuidado espiritual, cuando fue ofrecido, no fue sistematizado. Conclusión: esta investigación presenta potencial para despertar discusiones en cuanto a la formación del enfermero para el ofrecimiento del cuidado espiritual, además demuestra sus dificultades y facilidades para la ejecución de tal cuidado en la cotidianidad del trabajo de enfermería.

Cuidado de enfermagem em unidade de internação cirúrgica: percepção dos pacientes / Cuidados de enfermería en unidad de internación quirúrgica: percepción de los pacientes / Nursing care in surgical inpatient unit: perception of patients

''Objective: to understand the meaning of nursing care in a surgical in patient unit in the perceptions of patients. Method: it was a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study conducted in the months of Augustto October 2010 with seven surgical patients of a medium-sized hospital in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interview and were subjected to content analysis of Bardin. Results: two categories emerged: Perception of nursing care in the surgical in patient unit; and Feelings experienced in the surgical ward. Conclusion: surgical patients have different care needs, being critical to have sensitivity to be able to realize what each patient needs. Therefore, nurses need to rethink their daily practice, so that care is not only provided in a technical and unreflective way.

Objetivo: compreender o significado do cuidado de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação cirúrgica na percepção dos pacientes. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada entre os meses de agosto a outubro de 2010 com sete pacientes cirúrgicos de um hospital de médio porte da região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: Percepção do cuidado de enfermagem na unidade de internação cirúrgica e Sentimentos vivenciados na internação cirúrgica. Conclusão: os pacientes cirúrgicos apresentam diferentes necessidades de cuidados, sendo fundamental ter sensibilidade para poder perceber o que cada um necessita. Logo, os enfermeiros precisam repensar diariamente a sua prática, para que o cuidado não seja prestado apenas deforma técnica e irreflexiva.

Objetivo: comprender el significado del cuidado de enfermería en una unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica en la percepción de los pacientes. Método: se realizó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio realizado entre los meses de agosto a octubre de 2010, con siete pacientes quirúrgicos de un hospital de tamaño medio en la región central de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y se sometieron a análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: emergieron dos categorías: Percepción de la atención de enfermería en la unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica; y sentimientos experimentados en la hospitalización quirúrgica. Conclusión: los pacientes quirúrgicos tienen diferentes necesidades de atención, siendo fundamental contar con la sensibilidad para ser capaz de darse cuenta de lo que cada paciente necesita. Por lo tanto, las enfermeras necesitan repensar su práctica diaria,para que la atención no solo se proporcione de manera técnica e irreflexiva.

Application of Risk Management in Outpatient Blood Collection Work in Grade 3 and First Class Hospital / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To explore the function of risk management in outpatient blood collection work under the conditions of informationization. Method:This paper retrospectively reviewed the nursing risk management in out-patient blood collection work from January 2014 to January 2015 in our hospital, analyzed the causes of risk in out-patient blood collection work, evaluated the possible adverse outcomes, and put forward the measures to prevent and control risks. Results:Through the nursing risk management, the nurses′ risk prevention consciousness was enhanced, as well, both nurse and patient satisfaction was improved. Conclusion:Application of risk management in outpatient blood collection work could improve the quality of nursing, conform to the ethical requirements of guaranteeing patient safety, and effectively reduce the incidence of medical risks and accident.

Efecto del vínculo empático enfermera-paciente sobre el nivel de ansiedad del paciente adulto en la unidad de cuidado intensivo / Effect of the empathic nurse-patient bond on the level of anxiety of adult patients in the intensive care unit

Propósito: Determinar el efecto de la empatía de la enfermera, después de recibir un entrenamiento en vínculo empático, sobre el nivel de ansiedad del paciente adulto en la UCI. Objetivos: Comparar el nivel de ansiedad del paciente antes y después del encuentro enfermera-paciente (cuando la enfermera no ha recibido entrenamiento en vínculo empático, grupo A). Comparar el nivel de ansiedad del paciente antes y después del encuentro enfermera paciente (cuando la enfermera ha recibido entrenamiento en vínculo empático, grupo B). Comparar el cambio ocurrido en el nivel de ansiedad del paciente entre los grupos de encuentros A y B. Comparar el nivel de empatía de la enfermera antes y después de recibir una intervención tipo entrenamiento en "vínculo empático". Determinar la asociación que existe entre el nivel de empatía de la enfermera y el nivel de ansiedad del paciente. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental, en donde la unidad de análisis correspondió a los encuentros enfermera-paciente (diada de estudio). Cada encuentro fue observado una única vez con cada paciente. Se estableció un grupo de encuentro antes de que la enfermera recibiera la intervención tipo entrenamiento en "vínculo empático", y otro después del entrenamiento. Durante cada encuentro se midió el nivel de ansiedad del paciente (por escala FAS y signos vitales). Se observó la intensidad del vínculo empático (lista de chequeo de comportamientos empáticos expresados por la enfermera durante el encuentro), y nuevamente se midió el nivel de ansiedad del paciente. Las enfermeras recibieron un entrenamiento sustentado en la teoría de Peplau y los principios de la relación de ayuda, antes y después del cual se midió el nivel de empatía de la enfermera (autorreportado) mediante la utilización de la escala de empatía de Reynolds, a la que se le realizó validez facial y de contenido. Resultados: Participaron un total de 11 enfermeras y se midieron 311 encuentros enfermera-paciente, 154 antes y 157 después del entrenamiento de la enfermera. Los niveles de ansiedad de los pacientes en el grupo de encuentro con enfermeras no entrenadas y entrenadas, en la unidad de cuidado intermedio, fueron relativamente bajos (2), mientras los pacientes en la UCI reportaron niveles de ansiedad de bajos a moderados (2 - 3). El cambio en el nivel de ansiedad del paciente entre los dos grupos (antes y después del entrenamiento), fue estadísticamente significativo (p <0,000) lo que muestra una disminución del nivel de ansiedad del paciente casi del doble para los pacientes en la unidad de cuidado intermedio y del 33 % para los pacientes en la UCI, después del entrenamiento de la enfermera. Las enfermeras aumentaron los comportamientos empáticos, expresados durante el encuentro e identificados mediante la intensidad del vínculo empático y su nivel de empatía (autorreportada) en 20 puntos, después de recibir el entrenamiento.

Purpose: To determine the effect of empathy nurse, after receiving training in empathic link, on the level of anxiety in adult patients in the ICU and Intermediate Care Unit Objectives: To compare the patient's anxiety level before and after the patient nurse encounter, (when the nurse has not received empathic bond training - group A). To compare the patient's anxiety level before and after the patient nurse encounter, (when the nurse has received empathic bond training - group B). Compare the change in patient anxiety level between groups of encounters A and B. Compare the level of empathy of the nurse before and after receiving an "empathic bond" training type intervention.To determine the association between the level of empathy of the nurse and the level of anxiety of the patient. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study where the unit of analysis corresponded to the patient's nurse encounters (dyad of study), each encounter was observed only once with each patient, a group of meetings was set before receiving nurse intervention type training "empathic link" and another after receiving nurse training during each encounter the anxiety level of the patient (scale FAS and vital signs) was measured, the intensity of empathic link (checklist of empathic behavior) was observed and again the patient's anxiety level was measured. Nurses received training based on the theory of Peplau and principles of the aid relationship, before and after which the level of empathy Nurse (selfreported) was measured by use of the empathy scale Reynolds, to which it was performed face and content validity. Results: A total of 11 nurses and nurse measured 311 patient encounters, 154 before and after training 157 nurse. Anxiety levels of patients in group meetings with nurses untrained and trained in the intermediate care unit were relatively low (2), while patients in the ICU reported anxiety levels low to moderate (2 to 3 ). The change in the level of patient anxiety between the two groups (before and after training) was statistically significant (p <0.000), showing a decrease in the level of patient anxiety almost double for patients in the care unit intermediate and 33% for patients in the ICU, after training of the nurse. Nurses increased empathic behavior, expressed during the meeting and identified by the intensity of the empathic bond and level of empathy (self-reported) at 20 points, after receiving training

Percepción de los pacientes hospitalizados sobre la empatía y el respeto que manifiestan las enfermeras / Perception of hospitalized patients about the empathy and respect shown by nurses

La relación enfermera-paciente es un proceso de interacción basado en una serie de contactos donde se establece la comunicación. La empatía y el respeto son componentes de una relación terapéutica que se manifiestan por medio de la comunicación verbal y no verbal de los individuos. La transmisión de mensajes que establece el personal de enfermería al brindar cuidado puede ser terapéutica generando aspectos benéficos y cambios positivos en la salud de los individuos. El conocer la percepción de los pacientes sobre los comportamientos de las enfermeras que reflejan empatía y respeto, permite detectar fortalezas y aspectos a mejorar en la relación enfermera-paciente y contribuir al incremento en la satisfacción de los usuarios. Objetivo. Describir la percepción de los pacientes sobre la empatía y el respeto que manifiestan las enfermeras y contribuir a la validez de constructo del instrumento CECOP. Metodología. Observacional, descriptivo y transversal realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención de la ciudad de México. La muestra probabilística fue integrada por 350 pacientes hospitalizados. Se empleó el instrumento CECOP-23 el cual cuenta con validez de contenido. Resultados. La percepción de los pacientes sobre el respeto que le manifiestan las enfermeras fueron altos (49.04/55±5.00), teniendo mayor puntaje que la empatía (44.35/60±8.84). Ambos resultados coinciden con las calificaciones otorgadas por los pacientes en una escala análoga: empatía (8.83) y respeto (9.31). La valoración global de la relación enfermera-paciente también obtuvo puntajes altos (93.39/115±12.18). Conclusiones. La empatía y el respeto que manifiestan las enfermeras es percibida por los pacientes dentro de estándares altos, lo anterior favorece la relación terapéutica. Los componentes que la conforman deben evaluarse constantemente para asegurar una atención de calidad, empática y respetuosa. Implicaciones para la práctica. Se propone desarrollar programas de educación continua dirigidos a las enfermeras para incrementar sus habilidades en la comunicación enfermera-paciente enfatizando los aspectos relacionados con la empatía para con ello desencadenar una relación terapéutica óptima que incremente la satisfacción del profesional de enfermería y de los pacientes.

The nurse-patient relationship is an interaction process based on a series of contacts where communication is established. Empathy and respect are components of a therapeutic relationship that are manifested through verbal and non-verbal communication of individuals. The transmission of messages established by the nursing staff when providing care can be therapeutic, generating beneficial aspects and positive changes in the health of individuals. Knowing the perception of patients on the behaviors of nurses that reflect empathy and respect, allows to detect strengths and aspects to improve in the nurse-patient relationship and contribute to the increase in user satisfaction. Objective. Describe the perception of patients about the empathy and respect shown by nurses and contribute to the construct validity of the CECOP instrument. Methodology. Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. The probabilistic sample consisted of 350 hospitalized patients. The CECOP-23 instrument was used, which has content validity. Results. The patients' perception of the respect shown by the nurses was high (49.04 / 55 ± 5.00), having a higher score than empathy (44.35 / 60 ± 8.84). Both results coincide with the scores given by the patients on an analogous scale: empathy (8.83) and respect (9.31). The global assessment of the nurse-patient relationship also obtained high scores (93.39 / 115 ± 12.18). Conclusions. The empathy and respect shown by the nurses is perceived by the patients within high standards, the above favors the therapeutic relationship. The components that comprise it must be constantly evaluated to ensure quality, empathetic and respectful care. Implications for practice. It is proposed to develop continuing education programs aimed at nurses to increase their skills in nurse-patient communication, emphasizing aspects related to empathy in order to trigger an optimal therapeutic relationship that increases the satisfaction of the nursing professional and the patients.