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Objetivo: Comprender las vivencias de los pasantes de enfermería, en la resolución de problemas clínicos, a través de su descripción e interpretación. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo e interpretativo, tradición fenomenológica, método fenomenológico, técnica: Entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad a 8 pasantes de enfermería asignadas a un Hospital de Sinaloa, México; instrumento: Guía de entrevista, selección de participantes: Intencional hasta saturación teórica, carta de consentimiento informado y protección de la intimidad y confidencialidad, con base en el Código de Ética de las y los enfermeros de México y Declaración de Helsinki. Análisis de contenido tipo temático de acuerdo a Souza Minayo, del que emergieron 4 categorías. Resultados: Del análisis se seleccionó la categoría "Resolver problemas, un arte profesional", con las subcategorías: a) Incertidumbre y ambigüedad en la identificación y resolución del problema; b) Percepción del problema como caso único; c) Presencia de conflicto de valores en la resolución del problema, y d) Saber práctico, aprender al observar, reflexionar y hacer. Conclusiones: Al inicio del servicio social, los pasantes de enfermería muestran dificultad no solo para identificar y solucionar problemas clínicos, sino para comprender el significado de resolver problemas desde su conceptualización. Sin embargo, a punto de concluir su servicio social, empieza a emerger en ellos el arte de la enfermería, puesto que ya son capaces de identificar y dar solución a situaciones de cuidados que se presentan en los pacientes.
Objective: Through their own description and interpretation to understand the experiences of unregistered nursing graduates while solving clinical problems. Methods: This is a qualitative, descriptive and interpretative study. With a phenomenological tradition and method, this study uses in-depth structured interviews on eight unregistered nursing graduates assigned to a hospital in Sinaloa, Mexico. The main instrument is the interview guide. The selection of participants was intentional until theoretical saturation was reached. Based on the Nurses Ethics Code of Mexico, and also on the Helsinki Declaration, participants were given informed consent documentation as well as protection of their intimacy and confidentiality. From a thematic type content analysis which was aligned with Souza Minayo guidelines, four categories emerged. Results: From the category "Problem solving, a professional art" four sub-categories were proposed: (a) uncertainty and ambiguity while identifying and solving a problem; (b) perception of the problem as a unique case; (c) presence of conflict of values during the resolution of the problem; and (d) practical knowledge-learning while watching, realizing and doing. Conclusions: At the beginning of their social service, unregistered nursing graduates show difficulties, not only to identify and solve clinical problems, but also to understand the meaning of solving the problems based on their own conceptualization. However, as they near the end of their social services, the art of nursing gradually emerges from them as they manifest better performances at identifying and solving the diverse care situations of their patients.
Objetivo: Compreender as vivências dos estagiários de enfermagem, na resolução de problemas clínicos, a través de sua descrição e interpretação. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e interpretativo, tradição fenomenológica, método fenomenológico, técnica: entrevista semiestruturada a profundidade a oito estagiários de enfermagem assignados a um Hospital de Sinaloa, México, instrumento: Guia de entrevista, seleção de participantes: intencional até saturação teórica, carta de carta de consentimento informado e proteção da intimidade e confidencialidade, com base no Código de Ética das e dos enfermeiros do México e a Declaração de Helsinki. Análise de conteúdo tipo temático de acordo a Souza Minayo, da qual emergiram as quatro categorias. Resultados: Da análise selecionou-se a categoria "Resolver problemas, uma arte profissional", com as subcategorias: a) Incerteza e ambiguidade na identificação e resolução do problema, b) Percepção do problema como caso único, c) Presença de conflito de valores na resolução do problema, e d) Saber prático, aprender observando, refletir e fazer. Conclusões: No início do estágio, os estagiários de enfermagem mostram dificuldade não só para identificar e solucionar problemas clínicos, senão para compreender o significado de resolver problemas desde sua conceptualização. Porém, quase por concluir seu estágio, começa a emergir neles a arte da enfermagem, visto que já são capazes de identificar e dar solução a situações de cuidados que se apresentam nos pacientes.
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Humans , Male , Female , Students, Nursing , Nursing , Helsinki DeclarationABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the employment pressure among graduates from nursing school,and explore influencing factors,in order to make suggestions on education management,career guidance and psychological intervention.Methods Students graduated from Nanyang Medical College in 2012 who majored in nursing and nursing graduates from Nanyang Institute of Technology were surveyed with medical students employment pressure questionnaire designed by DU Tian-jiao from China Medical University.SPSS13.0 was used to establish database and analyze data.Results The total employment pressure of all students was M=3.2.Seven stressors scores from high to level were:post requirements,social environment,family support,personal qualities,the school effect,professional requirements,and career guidance.Multiple regression analysis showed that whether or not the student leaders,different sources and the education background were the influencing factors of employment pressure.Conclusions This research suggests that different psychological intervention should be given to students majored in different specialty and sources in order to release employment pressure and anxiety.
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Objective To investigate the frustration-confronting ability training on adversity quotient(AQ)of nursing graduates.Methods One hundred and fifty nursing graduates were received the frustration-confronting ability training.The adversity quotient scale was used in the investigation before and after the training.Result The total scores of AQ and other scores on all factors in AQ after training were significantly higher than before the training(all P<0.01).Conclusion The frustration-confronting ability training may be effective for the improvement of nursing graduates’AQ.
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El seguimiento de los egresados de la Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia (ENEO) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) llevado a cabo desde 1991, ha permitido obtener una visión objetiva de las condiciones y oportunidades que éstos han experimentado en el campo laboral. A partir de esa fecha, año con año, se entrevista a una muestra de las generaciones salientes a tres años de la terminación de sus estudios. En este informe se analizan aspectos tales como: titulación y ocupación de un espacio en el mercado laboral, inserción laboral y categorías de contratación, áreas o servicios de asignación laboral, actividades que consumen la mayor parte de los tiempos de trabajo, factores que obstaculizan el desempeño laboral y satisfacción laboral experimentada. La revisión de estos aspectos mencionados en las generaciones entrevistadas (1998-2000) permito visualizar una perspectiva más alentadora en el ámbito laboral de la enfermera al compararla con los resultados alcanzados en las generaciones a las que se hizo seguimiento con anterioridad.
This study presents an analysis of work situations and job opportunities available to graduates of the Obstetrics National School of Nursing and Obstetrics UNAM in Mexico City since 1991. That same year the school of nursing institutionalized a program to follow up a sample of students who completed coursework for their degree three years afterwards. Some of the more specific aspects that are analized in this study include if degree's were actually obtained, ability to find initial employment, present employment status, job descriptions, type of nursing practiced and in what type of setting, deterrents from obtaining optimal work perfomance and job satisfaction. The results of this most recent analysis based on interviews of graduates from 1998 and 2000 were greatly improved than those analyzed from previous years.