Conhecimento Nutricional de Adultos e Idosos do Município de Caxias do Sul-RS / Nutritional Knowledge of Residents of the City of Caxias do Sul-RS, Brazil

Introdução: Conhecimento nutricional é a noção de conceitos e processos relacionados à nutrição e saúde, incluindo associações de conhecimentos sobre dieta e saúde, dieta e doenças, fontes de nutrientes e recomendações dietéticas. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento nutricional da população de Caxias do Sul e investigar suas associações com variáveis sociodemográficas e dados antropométricos. Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo moradores do município de Caxias do Sul, entre 18 e 80 anos. Através de questionário on-line, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos dos participantes. Para avaliar o conhecimento nutricional, foram utilizadas as seções 2 e 4 do questionário GNKQ (General NutritionKnowledgeQuestionnaire for Adults). As 26 questões possuíam diversos itens e cada item assinalado corretamente recebeu 1 ponto, totalizando 57 pontos possíveis. O conhecimento nutricional foi classificado em baixo (até 19 pontos), médio (entre 20 e 38 pontos) e alto (acima de 39 pontos). Resultados: O conhecimento nutricional médio da amostra foi 39,9 ± 6,1 pontos. A maioria dos participantes foi classificada como detentores de alto conhecimento nutricional (n=184; 61,1%, média 43,8 ± 3,6 pontos). Houve diferença estatística entre gêneros (p<0,001), renda (p=0,009), escolaridade (p=0,015) e profissionais e estudantes de Nutrição (p<0,001). Mulheres, pessoas com renda mais elevada e grau de escolaridade maior, bem como estudantes e profissionais de Nutrição apresentaram maior conhecimento nutricional. Conclusão: A amostra de adultos e idosos de Caxias do Sul-RS possui um bom conhecimento nutricional, com maiores pontuações entre as participantes do sexo feminino, maior renda, maior escolaridade e profissionais ou estudantes de Nutrição.

Introduction: Nutritional knowledge is the understanding of the concepts and processes of nutrition and health, including combinations of knowledge about diet and health, diet and diseases, nutritional sources, and dietary recommendations. Objective: To assess the nutritional knowledge of the population from Caxias do Sul and investigate their associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric data. Methods: Cross-sectional study including residents of Caxias do Sul, between 18 and 80 years old. Through an online questionnaire, sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. To evaluate the nutritional knowledge, sections 2 and 4 from GNKQ (General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for adults) were used. The 26 questions had several items and each item marked correctly received 1 point, totaling 57 possible points. The nutritional knowledge was classified as low (up to 19 points), medium (between 20 and 38 points) and high (above 39 points). Results: The sample nutritional knowledge was 39.9 ± 6.1 points. Most of the participants were classified as high nutritional knowledge (n=184; 61.1%, average 43.8 ± 3.6 points). There was a statistical difference between gender (p<0.001), income (p=0.009), schooling (p=0.015) and nutrition students or dietitians (p<0.001). Women, people with higher income and schooling, as well as nutrition students or dietitians demonstrated higher nutritional knowledge. Conclusions: The sample of adults and older people from Caxias do Sul-RS has considerable nutritional knowledge, with a higher score between female participants, higher income, higher level of education, and nutrition students or dietitians.

Qualidade nutricional de biscoitos disponíveis à venda em supermercados / Nutritional quality of biscuits available for sale in supermarkets

Introdução: Biscoitos são produtos de panificação feitos com farinha, gordura, açúcar e outros ingredientes, e podem ser alimentos processados ou ultraprocessados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional de biscoitos comercializados em supermercados brasileiros. Materiais e Métodos: Após a autorização dos responsáveis, dois supermercados participaram do estudo. Foram coletados os dados de informação nutricional e a lista de ingredientes dos biscoitos a partir dos rótulos dos produtos, através de fotos e anotações. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente através de estatística descritiva e análise de variância (ANOVA) com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultado: No total, foram incluídos 412 biscoitos diferentes, dos quais 73,5% eram doces e 26,5%, salgados. A média de ingredientes por produto foi de 14,80, e 84,7% dos biscoitos eram produzidos com 11 ou mais ingredientes; o número máximo de ingredientes encontrado foi de 29. A gordura vegetal foi encontrada em 79,6% dos produtos. Os biscoitos doces tiveram valores mais elevados de açúcares p<0,0001), gordura total (p=0,002) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001), e os biscoitos salgados tiveram valores mais altos de proteínas (p<0,0001), e sódio (p<0,0001). Quando comparados com biscoitos processados, os biscoitos ultraprocessados tiveram níveis mais elevados de carboidratos (p=0,001), açúcares (p<0,0001), gordura total (p<0,0001) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001). Conclusão: No presente estudo, biscoitos processados e salgados tiveram melhor qualidade nutricional que os biscoitos doces e ultraprocessados, e são considerados melhores opções para os consumidores em supermercados.

Introduction: Biscuits are small bakery products made with wheat flour, fat, sugar and other ingredients, and they can be processed or ultraprocessed food. This paper aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of biscuits sold in Brazilian supermarkets. Materials and methods: After authorization from the managers, two supermarkets participated in the study. The data collected from labels was the nutritional information and the list of ingredients of cookoies, through photos and notes. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significant level of p<0,05. Results: A total of 412 different products were included, which 73,5% are sweet and 26,5% are salty biscuits. About processing, 98,05% are ultraprocessed and only 1,95% processed. The average of ingredients was 14,80 and 84,7% of biscuits were produced with 11 or more ingredients; the maxim number of ingredients was 29. Vegetal fat was found in 79,6% of products. Sweet biscuits have higher values of sugar (p<0,0001), total fat (p=0,002) and saturated fat (p<0,0001), and salty biscuits were higher in proteins (p<0,0001) and sodium (p<0,0001). When compared with processed biscuits, the ultraprocessed ones were higher in carbohydrates (p=0,001), sugar (p<0,0001), total fat (p<0,0001) and saturated fat (p<0,0001). Conclusion: In this study, processed and salty biscuits had better nutritional quality than sweet and ultraprocessed ones, and are considered better choice options for consumers in supermarkets.

Relevance of Food Labels among Selected Students at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana

Food labels

pre-packed foods

nutritional information

students.

Analysis of the prevalence in sugar consumption in child care consultations / Análise da prevalência do consumo de açúcar em consultas de puericultura

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of sugar consumption and associated factors in childcare consultations. Methods: cross-sectional study with 599 children > six months to < 24 months of age, assisted by the Family Health Units. Outcomes: daily consumption of sweetened beverages, sweets/candies, recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System; independent variables: sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression test was applied. Results: 62.10% of the children consume sugary drinks and 42.23%, sweets/candies. Consuming sugary drinks was associated with the age of 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.525; CI95%=1.68-3.78) and 18-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.90; CI95%=1.90-4.43); children living with more than four people at home (OR=1.59; CI95%=1.11-2.26), aged 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.05; CI95%=1.34-3.13) and 18-23 months and 29 days (OR=2.51; CI95%=1.62-3.87) were more likely to consume sweets/candies than younger children. Maternal aspects, such as age (OR=0.66; CI95%=0.46-0.93), marital status (OR=1.67; CI95%=1.06-2.6), schooling (OR=2.14; CI95%=1.12-4.08), and presence of government assistance (OR=2.03; CI95%=1.41-2.93), were conditions associated with the consumption of sweets. Conclusions: the prevalence of sugar in children's diet was high and was associated with sociodemographic aspects. Health education actions should be carried out in childcare, in order to promote healthy food, minimizing the consumption of sugar.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a prevalência do consumo de açúcar e fatores associados em consultas de puericultura. Métodos: estudo transversal com 599 crianças >seis a <24 meses de idade, assistidas por Unidades de Saúde da Família. Desfechos: consumo diário de bebidas adoçadas, doces/guloseimas, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional; variáveis independentes: dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se teste de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: 62,10% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas e 42,23% doces/guloseimas. Consumir bebidas açucaradas associou-se à idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,525; IC95%=1,68-3,78) e 18-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,90; IC95%=1,90-4,43); crianças residirem com mais de quatro pessoas na casa (OR=1,59; IC95%:1,11-2,26), terem idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,05; IC95%=1,34-3,13) e 18-23 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,51; IC95%=1,62-3,87) apresentaram maior chance de consumir doces/guloseimas que crianças mais novas. Aspectos maternos como idade (OR=0,66; IC95%=0,46-0,93), estado civil (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,06-2,6), escolaridade (OR=2,14; IC95%=1,12-4,08), e presença de auxílio do governo (OR=2,03;IC95%=1,41-2,93), foram condições associadas ao consumo de doces/guloseimas. Conclusão: foi alta a prevalência de açúcar na dieta das crianças e esteve associada a aspectos sociodemográficos. Ações de educação em saúde devem ser realizadas na puericultura, a fim de fomentar a alimentação saudável, minimizando o consumo de açúcar.

Influencia del etiquetado nutricional en la decisión de compra de estudiantes universitarios / Influence of Nutritional Labeling on the Purchase Decision of University Students

Resumen: Antecedentes: el etiquetado nutricional permite a los consumidores tomar mejores decisiones sobre alimentación, lo que contribuye a combatir las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: determinar cómo influye la interpretación del etiquetado nutricional, presente en los alimentos industrializados en Colombia, en la decisión de compra de estudiantes de pregrado del área de la salud de la Universidad CES. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 76 estudiantes de quinto semestre de programas de pregrado del área de la salud. Resultados: la frecuencia en el uso del etiquetado nutricional se asoció con el sexo (p = 0,036), el tipo de programa (p < 0,001) y el conocimiento de la función del etiquetado nutricional (p = 0,000). La buena interpretación del etiquetado nutricional no condicionó la frecuencia en su uso (p = 0,095); además, el nivel de interpretación del etiquetado nutricional no se asoció con el sexo ni con el tipo de programa de pregrado. Finalmente, se encontró que la decisión de compra estaba influenciada por la costumbre (p = 0,018) y la publicidad (p = 0,008) y no por la interpretación del etiquetado nutricional. Conclusiones: aunque el uso del etiquetado nutricional es más frecuente entre las mujeres, los estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética y entre quienes conocen la función del etiquetado nutricional, la decisión de compra no está influenciada por su interpretación.

Abstract: Background: Nutritional labeling enables consumers to make better food choices, helping to fight chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To determine the influence of the interpretation of the nutritional labeling, present in industrialized foods in Colombia, on the purchase decision of undergraduate students in the health area of the CES University. Material and Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out in a population of 76 fifth-semester students enrolled in the undergraduate programs of the health area. Results: The frequency of nutrition labeling use was associated with sex (p=0.036), the type of undergraduate program (p<0.001), and knowledge of the function of the nutrition labeling (p=0.000). A good interpretation of the nutrition labeling does not condition the frequency of its use (p=0,095). Additionally, the level of interpretation of the nutritional labeling was not associated with sex, nor the type of undergraduate program. Finally, it was found that the purchase decision was influenced by custom (p=0.018) and advertising (p=0,008), and not by the interpretation of the nutrition labeling. Conclusions: Although the use of nutrition labeling is more frequent among women, among students of Nutrition and Dietetics, and among those who are aware of the role of nutrition labeling, the purchase decision is not influenced by its interpretation.

Informação nutricional em restaurantes: um estudo de compreensão de pictogramas / Nutritional information in restaurants: a study of pictogram comprehension

A informação nutricional em serviços de alimentação se mostra relevante para as escolhas alimentares, além de ser uma forma de respeitar o direito a escolha do consumidor. Contudo, é necessário que essa seja facilmente compreendida pelos comensais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é propor um modelo pictórico de informação nutricional, que alerte para presença de glúten, leite, ovo e carne em Restaurantes Universitários de uma instituição pública a partir da percepção dos consumidores e do conhecimento da nutrição e do design de informação. A pesquisa quali-quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e caráter exploratório, foi realizada em Curitiba, Paraná, com graduandos adultos de uma instituição pública. Por meio de um questionário autorrespondido, foram avaliadas a compreensão de pictogramas com e sem rótulo que representassem a presença de glúten, leite, carne e ovo, a relevância das informações apresentadas e a preferência do local da disponibilização da informação nutricional. Participaram 131 consumidores com idade média de 21,3 ± 2,6 anos, sendo 73,3% do sexo feminino. Observou-se boa percepção dos pictogramas propostos, sendo melhor compreendidos aqueles com rótulos, que representavam "contém ovo" e "contém carne". Em relação a presença de leite, o pictograma da garrafa foi o mais aceito. O local de preferência para a visualização da informação foi no buffet, havendo interesse, principalmente, no nome da preparação e na lista de ingredientes. Os modelos de pictogramas propostos se mostraram adequados conforme os consumidores, atingindo o objetivo do estudo, contribuindo para que as informações sejam facilmente compreendidas, e favorecendo o direito de escolha dos consumidores.

Nutritional information in food services is relevant to food choices, in addition to being a way of respecting the consumer's right to choose. However, it is necessary that this information to be easily understood by the diners. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a pictorial model of nutritional information, which warns of the presence of gluten, milk, eggs, and meat in a public university restaurant based on the perception of consumers and the knowledge of nutrition and the information design. The quali-quantitative study, with a cross-sectional design and exploratory character, was carried out in Curitiba, Paraná, with adult students from a public institution. Through a self-answered questionnaire, the comprehension of pictograms with and without a label that represented the presence of gluten, milk, meat, and egg, the relevance of the information presented, and the preference of the place where the nutritional information was made available were evaluated. 131 consumers participated with an average age of 21.3 ± 2.6 years, 73.3% of whom were female. A good perception of the proposed pictograms was observed, and was better understood with labels, which represented "contains egg" and "contains meat". Regarding the presence of milk, the bottle pictogram was the most accepted. The preferred location for viewing the information was at the buffet, with interest mainly in the name of the meal and the list of ingredients. The proposed pictograms models were shown to be adequate according to consumers, reaching the objective of the study, making the information easily understood, and favoring the consumers' right to choose.

Comparación de tres modelos de etiquetado nutricional frontal de productos industrializados en Perú, 2019 / Comparison of Three Types of Nutrition Label on Processed Food Packages in Peru, 2019

Resumen Antecedentes: el etiquetado nutricional frontal es una herramienta para orientar la elección del con sumidor hacia una dieta equilibrada y sana. Objetivo: conocer el modelo de etiquetado nutricional frontal que más influye en la identificación de calorías y nutrientes críticos de productos industria lizados en adultos de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental-transversal en el que participaron 384 adultos de ambos sexos distribuidos en cuatro grupos equitativos: sin modelo de etiquetado nutricional, Guía Diaria de Alimentación, etiquetado de advertencia octogonal y Guía Diaria de Alimentación-semáforo. A cada participante se le aplicó un cuestionario con 10 figuras de empaques con el modelo de etiquetado, según el grupo al que correspondían, y 10 preguntas, con un puntaje total de 0 al 20, según el número de respuestas positivas en la identificación de calorías y nutrientes críticos. Resultados: los mayores puntajes totales fueron para los grupos Guía Diaria de Alimentación-semáforo (12,1±3,9) y Guía Diaria de Alimentación (12,1±3,7), con diferencias significativas respecto a los otros dos grupos. También se presentaron diferencias en los puntajes de la identificación de calorías, grasas saturadas y grasa total; los valores más altos fueron para los dos grupos señalados (p<0,05). No se observaron diferencias en la identificación de azúcar y sodio. Conclusiones: los modelos Guía Diaria de Alimentación y Guía Diaria de Alimentación-semáforo son los que más influyen en la identificación de calorías y nutrientes críticos.

Abstract Background: A front-of-package nutrition label is a tool to help guide food selection towards a balanced and healthy diet. Objective: To understand the model of front-of-package nutrition label that most influences the understanding of calories and important nutrients in processed food products in adult participants in Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental cross-sectional study with 384 participant adults of both sexes. Participants were distributed into four equal groups: no nutritional labeling; daily food guide; stop sign warning labeling; and daily food guide with a traffic light symbol. Each participant was given a questionnaire with 10 pictures of food packaging with the labeling model that corresponded to their randomized group, along with 10 additional questions, for a total of 20 possible questionnaire points. Points were given for correct answers to the 20 questions on the questionnaire, such as identifying correctly the number of calories and/or critical nutrients. Results: The highest total scores were for the daily food guide-traffic light group (12.1 ± 3.9) and daily food guide group (12.1 ± 3.7), with significant differences with respect to the other two groups. There were also differences in the scores of the identification of calories, saturated fat, and total fat; the highest values were for the same two groups indicated above (p <0.05). No differences in food labels were found for the identification of sugars or sodium. Conclusions: The daily food guide and daily food guide-traffic light models most influence the identification of calories and critical nutrients.

Educación nutricional, un desafío en la actualidad venezolana / Nutritional education, a challenge in Venezuela today

La educación nutricional es una herramienta que promueve la creación de hábitos alimentarios saludables para toda la vida. Le permite al individuo recibir un conocimiento sólido para seleccionar, preparar y conservar alimentos de alto valor nutritivo, experimentar con productos alimenticios emergentes y comparar sus experiencias con familiares y otros miembros de la comunidad. La educación nutricional es indispensable para adoptar un estilo de vida saludable y reducir el riesgo tanto de enfermedades crónicas como de aquellas transmitidas por alimentos contaminados. Las redes sociales y la web han representado el vehículo idóneo para multiplicar intervenciones nutricionales de calidad. Con la aparición de la pandemia por la COVID-19 y las medidas de confinamiento reglamentadas, los espacios tradicionalmente utilizados para enseñar e impartir educación nutricional se han inhabilitado, ya que son propicios para la transmisión del agente viral. En Venezuela, la educación nutricional no estaba preparada para migrar repentinamente hacia la modalidad virtual por múltiples razones, entre ellas la conexión a internet, las interrupciones del servicio eléctrico, la disponibilidad de equipos electrónicos y la capacitación digital y tecnológica del profesional del área. En la actualidad la telemedicina ha promovido la transmisión de conocimientos desde la virtualidad para mantener el distanciamiento social, debido a ello la explotación de los espacios institucionales para la información y comunicación de conocimientos en nutrición emerge como una necesidad. Es por esto, que el siguiente artículo pretende examinar algunos elementos y desafíos relacionados con la práctica de la educación nutricional en entornos virtuales(AU)

Nutrition education is a tool that promotes the creation of healthy eating habits for life. It allows the individual to receive a solid knowledge to select, prepare and preserve foods of high nutritional value, to experiment with emerging food products and to compare their experiences with family and other community members. Nutrition education is essential for adopting a healthy lifestyle and reducing the risk of both chronic diseases and those transmitted by contaminated food. Social networks and the web have been the ideal vehicle to multiply quality nutritional interventions. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and regulated containment measures, the spaces traditionally used to teach and provide nutritional education have been disabled, as they are conducive to the transmission of the viral agent. In Venezuela, nutritional education was not prepared for a sudden migration to the virtual mode for multiple reasons, including Internet connection, interruptions in electrical service, availability of electronic equipment, and digital and technological training of the professional in the area. Currently, telemedicine has promoted the transmission of knowledge from the virtual mode to maintain social distance, due to which the exploitation of institutional spaces for information and communication of knowledge in nutrition emerges as a necessity. Therefore, the purpose of the following article is to examine some elements and challenges related to the practice of nutritional education in virtual environments(AU)

Avaliação do teor de sódio contido em salgadinhos industrializados comercializados em supermercados / Evaluation of the sodium content contained in industrialized salted snacks marketed in supermarkets

Objetivo: Analisar experimentalmente o teor de sódio de sal-gadinhos industrializados disponíveis no comércio da Cidade de Maceió, Alagoas. Material e Métodos: Classificar o teor de sódio de acordo com a legislação vigente. Vinte amostras de salgadinho de milho, trigo e batata, de diferentes sabores foram avaliadas utilizando-se a metodologia de espectrofotometria de emissão com atomização em chama. Resultados: Verificou-se que todas as amostras apresentavam a classificação de "alto teor" de sódio, tendo por base a RDC n° 24 de 2010 da Anvisa e que 65% das amostras apresentaram valores reais do teor de sódio superiores aos que estavam declarados nos rótulos. Conclusão: Com relação ao teor de sódio encontrado nos salgadinhos analisados, verificou-se que todas as amostras apresentaram a classificação de "alto teor" de sódio. (AU)

Objective:The objective of the study was to analyze experi-mentally the sodium content of commercially available savory foods in the city of Maceió, Alagoas,. Method: to classify this content according to the current legislation. Twenty samples of corn flakes, wheat and potato snacks of random flavors were evaluated using the emission spectrophotometry with in-line flame atomization method. Results: It was verified that all The samples presented a sodium "high content" classification, based on Anvisa's RDC nº 24 of 2010 and that it was also observed that 65% of the samples had actual values of sodium content higher than those declared on the labels. Conclusion: Regarding the sodium content found in the analyzed snack foods, it was found that all samples had the classification of "high" sodium. (AU)

Quality Coding of Malnutrition under the Casemix System in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Introduction: Detailed clinical information is important for the Casemix System to generate valuable Case Based Group (CBG) for malnourished geriatric patients. Clinical coding for malnutrition provides useful information on the nutritional health of patients for treatment purposes. Methods: This cross-sectional study with purposive sampling involved a total of 130 geriatric patients (>60 years) at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Nutritional assessments were performed such as anthropometrics measurement, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and biochemical assessment. The patients’ medical records and coded data were systematically reviewed to observe the documentation of nutritional information and coding criteria based on the International Classification for Diseases (ICD-10). Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among the geriatric patients was 35.4%. Proper documentation of required nutritional information was found in less than 50% of the cases. None of the malnourished patients were documented and coded with malnutrition diagnosis, despite being given nutritional interventions. The reasons given for this omission were related to the lack of awareness (50%) and incomplete medical documentation (50%). Further analysis revealed that uncoded diagnosis, miscoding, missing, and unavailable codes for nutritional counselling and oral nutritional supplementation were the main contributors to the incomplete records. Conclusion: The quality of clinical coding for malnourished geriatric patients in the hospital should be improved. A structured assessment and standard documentation is recommended to improve the quality of healthcare provision for malnourished geriatric patients.

Análise da rotulagem nutricional de pães de forma com informação nutricional complementar comercializados no município de Belo Horizonte - MG / Analysis of nutritional label of breads with complementary nutritional information sold in Belo Horizonte ­ MG

A busca da população por alimentos práticos, rápidos e saudáveis tem aumentado a preocupação com a rotulagem nutricional visto que este é o principal veículo de informação ao consumidor sobre as características nutricionais dos alimentos embalados. Este estudo objetivou verificar o índice de conformidades e inconformidades da rotulagem de pães embalados diante das regulamentações vigentes. Para tanto, foi avaliada a rotulagem de 23 pães de forma com informação nutricional complementar disponíveis na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG. As análises foram realizadas através de uma lista de verificação produzida a partir dos requisitos estabelecidos pela legislação sendo classificados como "adequado" ou "inadequado". Os resultados demonstraram que 95% dos rótulos analisados foram classificados como inadequado em algum dos parâmetros avaliados, sendo que 26% dos rótulos foram inadequados no parâmetro "Denominação de venda" e 35% no parâmetro "Tabela de Informação nutricional". O quesito "Informação Nutricional Complementar" obteve o maior número de inadequações concentrando 82,6% da totalidade avaliada. Com base nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que a falta de entendimento por parte dos fabricantes das leis detentoras da rotulagem nutricional no país entre outros fatores associados, podem explicar as frequentes falhas na rotulagem de alimentos embalados, o que pode ocasionar privação à informação e direito de escolha dos consumidores brasileiros.

The search of the population for fast, healthy and practical foods has increased concern with nutritional labeling, since this is the main vehicle for informing the consum labeling of packaged breads considering the current regulations. The present work evaluated the labeling of 23 breads with complementary nutritional information. The analyzes were carried out through a checklist in which the requirements established by current legislation were used and classified as "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory". The results showed that 95% of the analyzed labels were classified as unsatisfactory in any of the evaluated parameters, 26% of the labels evaluated were unsatisfactory in the parameter "Sales denomination", 35% in the parameter "Nutrition Information Table" and the " Nutritional Complementary "obtained the greatest number of inadequacies, concentrating 82.6% of the totality evaluated. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the lack of understanding by the manufacturers of the laws that have the nutritional labeling in the country, among other associated factors can explain the frequent failures in the labeling of packaged foods, which can cause deprivation to the information and wrong choice of Brazilian consumers.

Customers' Use of Menu Labeling in Restaurants and Their Perceptions of Menu Labeling Attributes

The purpose of this study was to examine restaurant customers' use of menu labeling and their perception of menu labeling attributes. Further, the study investigated relations of menu labeling use behavior, and perception of menu labeling attributes with behavioral intentions toward menu labeling. Using a self-administered survey conducted for 2 weeks from the 2nd week of October, 2015, data were collected from restaurant customers who were exposed to menu labeling over 3 months at the time of the survey. A total of 426 respondents completed the survey. Respondents were asked about use of menu labeling, usefulness, ease of understanding, accuracy, and demographic information. There was a difference in menu labeling use behavior according to age, whereas respondents aged 50 years or over showed significantly higher use of menu labeling than those in 20s (P<0.001). Perceptions of menu labeling attributes positively affected behavioral intentions towards menu labeling. While all three menu labeling attributes, ‘usefulness’, ‘ease of understanding’, and ‘accuracy’, were positive factors for behavioral intentions towards menu labeling, usefulness was the biggest attribute explaining behavioral intentions (P<0.001). The study findings offer implications that can be applied to academics, the foodservice industry, and government in an attempt to nurture a healthy eating environment through provision of nutritional information at restaurants.

Avaliação da rotulagem de ovos comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro ­ RJ / Evaluation of the labeling of eggs marketed in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ

Os ovos são alimentos consumidos em grande escala pela população brasileira. É um alimento nutritivo e de baixo custo, o que viabiliza o seu consumo pela população de baixa renda. Existem legislações que regulamentam a rotulagem dos produtos de origem animal, incluindo os ovos. Os rótulos trazem as informações essenciais dos produtos para que o consumidor saiba o que está sendo adquirido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conformidade da rotulagem de 31 amostras, de 15 marcas diferentes, de ovos in natura comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro ­ RJ perante as legislações vigentes. Somente um rótulo (3,22%) estava em conformidade com todas as legislações vigentes. Este resultado demonstra a falta de fiscalização dos rótulos dos ovos in natura comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro ­ RJ e da falta de comprometimento das indústrias brasileiras com as informações fornecidas nos rótulos dos ovos.

Conhecimento e consumo dos produtos diet e light e a compreensão dos rótulos alimentares por consumidores de um supermercado do municípiode Caxias do Sul, RS - Brasil / Knowledge and consumption of diet and light products and understanding of food labels for consumers in a supermarket in Caxias do Sul, RS - Brasil

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the consumption of diet and lightproducts, check whether consumers are consuming these products correctly, and if there is understanding in relation to food labels. A sectional study was carried out at a supermarket in the municipality of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state. Data were collected between March and April 2011 from a sample size of 150 consumers. We applied a questionnaire to identify the objective knowledge and understanding of diet and light products and food labels. Consumers responded to the questionnaire in the same supermarket where they were invited to participate in the survey with an average time of 15 minutes. We observed that the population consumes more light products (40.7%) than diet products (24.7%), and that 38.7% responded correctly to the light concept and 56% responded wrongly to the diet concept. There is also a lack of understanding regarding the knowledge of these products. Concerning theunderstanding of food labels, the population showed partial knowledgeand considered that the nutritional information provided is not clear.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el consumo de productos diet y light, comprobar si se consumen esos productos correctamente, y si los rótulosalimentarios son adecuadamente comprendidos. El estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en un supermercado en Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre marzo y abril de 2011, y el tamaño de la muestra fue de 150 consumidores. Se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas objetivas destinadas a identificar el conocimiento y la comprensión de los productos diet y light y de los rótulos de los envases. Los consumidores respondieron al cuestionario en el mismo supermercado donde fueron invitados a participar en la encuesta, con un tiempo promedio de 15 minutos. Se observó que la población consume más productos light(40,7%) que diet (24,7%), y que el 38,7% de los encuestados respondió correctamente al concepto ?light?; con respecto al concepto ?diet?, 56%respondió inadecuadamente. Se constató también una falta de conocimiento sobre la naturaleza de esos productos. En relación a la comprensión de las etiquetas de los alimentos, la población mostrótener un conocimiento parcial, y consideró que la información nutricional proporcionada no es clara.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo dos produtos diet e light, além de verificar se os consumidores estão consumindo de forma corretaesses produtos e se há entendimento em relação aos rótulos alimentares. Foi realizado estudo transversal em um supermercado de Caxias do Sul-RS. Os dados foram coletados entre março e abril de 2011, e o tamanho da amostra foi de 150 consumidores. Aplicou-se um questionário com questões objetivas para identificar o conhecimento e o entendimento dos produtos diet e light, e dos rótulos alimentares. Os consumidores responderam ao questionário no próprio supermercado, onde foram convidados a participar da pesquisa, com tempo médio de 15 minutos. Foi possível observar que a população consome mais produtos light (40,7%) do que diet (24,7%), e que 38,7% dos pesquisados responderamcorretamente o conceito light; quanto ao conceito diet, 56% responderam de forma errada. Observou-se também a falta de entendimento em relação ao conhecimento desses produtos. Quanto à compreensão dos rótulos alimentares, a população mostrou ter conhecimento parcial e os entrevistados consideram que as informações nutricionais apresentadas não são claras.

Avaliação dos itens obrigatórios na rotulagem nutricional de produtos lácteos fermentados / Evaluation of mandatory nutritional information on labels of fermented dairy products available at the market

O objetivo deste estudo foi de comparar as informações e os valores descritos nos rótulos de produtos lácteos fermentados com aqueles exigidos pela legislação em vigor, assim como de efetuar considerações sobre o comprometimento da informação nutricional da forma como recomendada pela Resolução RDC n°360/03 ANVISA/MS. Foram analisados 114 rótulos de iogurte e 28 rótulos de bebida láctea fermentada de diferentes sabores e composições nutricionais, de 10 marcas e/ou fabricantes de iogurte e de sete marcas de bebida láctea fermentada. As amostras foram adquiridas na qualidade de consumidor, durante o período de julho a dezembro de 2007, em supermercados da cidade de Uberlândia-MG. Os produtos foram analisados quanto aos princípios gerais de rotulagem, apresentação da informação nutricional e dos dados básicos obrigatórios no rótulo de produto alimentício. A maioria dos rótulos dos produtos analisados estava em desacordo com a legislação vigente; 97,4% dos rótulos de iogurte e 100% de rótulos de bebida láctea fermentada estavam incompletos, com omissão de alguns constituintes ou erroneamente especificados. Em virtude das informações obrigatórias exigidas pela legislação vigente, é questionável o compromisso das indústrias de alimentos na apresentação dos dados quanto aos constituintes nutricionais, uma vez que os rótulos das amostras analisadas não foram apresentados conforme os dispostos pela Resolução RDC n° 360/03.

The present study aims at comparing the nutritional contents and their values indicated on the labelsof fermented dairy products with those required by the legislation in force. Considerations on the foodindustries commitment related to the nutritional information as ruled by Resolution RDC #360/03 ANVISA/MS were deliberated. One hundred-fourteen yoghurt labels and 28 labels of fermented dairy beverageswith different flavors and compositions from 10 yoghurt brands and/or manufacturers and seven brands of fermented dairy beverages could be analyzed. The samples were purchased as customers, from July toDecember 2007, in supermarkets at the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The analyses of labels onthe products samples consisted of assessing the general features of labeling, the nutritional informationdisplay, and the compulsory basic contents on the food labels. Most of the analyzed food labels did not comply with the specific legislation in force, thereby, 97.4% of yoghurt labels and 100% of labels on fermented dairy beverage showed lack of basic information, by either omitting some constituents from the list or erroneously specifying the required components or characteristics. In view of the mandatory information required by the legislation in force, The food industries commitment as per the nutritional informationis questionable since the present investigation showed that the analyzed food labels did not comply with those ruled by Resolution RDC #360/03.

Efectos de la información nutricional sobre la conducta de consumo de frutas y verduras en niños preescolares / Effects of nutritional information on fruits and vegetables consumption in preschoolers children

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de la información nutricional sobre el consumo de frutas y verduras. Participaron 25 niños entre los 3 y 5 años, expuestos a alimentos con alto y bajo valor nutricional. Los niños fueron divididos en 2 grupos (piloto y experimental) y expuestos a 4 fases. El grupo experimental recibió información sobre hábitos alimenticios, valor nutricional de los alimentos y beneficios del consumo de frutas y verduras. Los resultados mostraron que la información nutricional modificó la conducta alimentaría, ya que el consumo de alimentos poco nutritivos disminuyó. Sin embargo, el consumo de frutas y verduras no se incrementó. Los datos sugieren que la información nutricional influye en la adquisición de conductas alimentarías en niños preescolares, siempre y cuando incluya una duración y frecuencia adecuadas y sea reforzada en casa a través del modelamiento de los familiares.

This study evaluated effects of nutritional information about fruits and vegetables consumption. Participants were 25 children between 3 and 5 years-old, which were exposed at high and low nutritional foods. Subjects were divided in two groups (experimental and control) and exposed to four phases. Experimental group received nutritional information about dietetic habits, nutritional facts and benefits of fruits and vegetables consumption. Results showed that nutritional information modified the eating behaviour. Non-nutritious food consumption diminished, but fruits and vegetables consumption not increased. Data suggest that nutritional information modifies eating behaviour development in preschoolers, but is necessary a suitable duration and frequency with adequate reinforced in house through model of parents.

Selenium: More than just a micronutrient mineral

Selenium is a micronutrient mineral found mainly in soils. Studies on selenium have increased rapidly worldwide especially after it has been shown to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer in humans and animals. The exact mechanism of action on how selenium inhibits diseases, in particular cancer, is still unknown. To date, the use of selenium in preventing or treating diseases is limited. However, many aspects about the biochemistry of selenium have been identified. This article reviews a number of key clinical, experimental and epidemiological studies on selenium as an anti-carcinogenic agent for some types of cancers. Some nutritional information on selenium and its recommended intake are also included. More clinical and experimental studies are needed to confirm previous findings on the role of selenium as an anticarcinogenic agent.

Analysis of Contents of nutrition information on the Internet

232 internet sites in Yahoo and Empas were monitored to analyze what good contents of nutrition information on line have for the internet searchers. As the sites on line were disappeared frequently, all the monitored sites were selected on April 25, 2003. 3 disciplined personnels analyzed the contents of the selected sites by using self-developed monitoring format. The results are as follows. Most of sites were administered by the marketing companies and only 8% by public institutions, associations and school. Especially, most of the contents of the sites by marketing companies were advertisement about their goods instead of nutrition information. Only 42.6% of sites indicated the sources of nutrition information. Only 10.3% of site administrators responded about on-line questions quickly within 1 day. Moreover, 46% of sites were not conformed their answering periods. On the other hand, 94.8% of sites offered more than 1 feedback methods. Monitors checked purposes offering on-line informations plurally. Leading purpose was for advertising and marketing their goods(59.5%) and 47% of them were opened for offering food and nutrition information. They offered various informations at the same time. More than half of the sites had the menus for food and nutrition information and connected sites, but the other half of them only advertised their own goods. Positive sides from monitored informations were as follows : 'communicating informations easily' (8.7%) / 'definite informations for daily living' (7.2%) / 'beneficial informations for nutritional management' (4.6%) / 'new informations' (2.1%). Negative sides of offered information were 'not enough to give scientific basis and/or to simplify special evidences too much'(60.8%) / 'to exaggerate the contents' (41.4%) / 'not to indicate the notice of side effect and/or to advertise that there are not side effect from using their goods' (34.1%).

Analysis of Contents of nutrition information on the Internet

232 internet sites in Yahoo and Empas were monitored to analyze what good contents of nutrition information on line have for the internet searchers. As the sites on line were disappeared frequently, all the monitored sites were selected on April 25, 2003. 3 disciplined personnels analyzed the contents of the selected sites by using self-developed monitoring format. The results are as follows. Most of sites were administered by the marketing companies and only 8% by public institutions, associations and school. Especially, most of the contents of the sites by marketing companies were advertisement about their goods instead of nutrition information. Only 42.6% of sites indicated the sources of nutrition information. Only 10.3% of site administrators responded about on-line questions quickly within 1 day. Moreover, 46% of sites were not conformed their answering periods. On the other hand, 94.8% of sites offered more than 1 feedback methods. Monitors checked purposes offering on-line informations plurally. Leading purpose was for advertising and marketing their goods(59.5%) and 47% of them were opened for offering food and nutrition information. They offered various informations at the same time. More than half of the sites had the menus for food and nutrition information and connected sites, but the other half of them only advertised their own goods. Positive sides from monitored informations were as follows : 'communicating informations easily' (8.7%) / 'definite informations for daily living' (7.2%) / 'beneficial informations for nutritional management' (4.6%) / 'new informations' (2.1%). Negative sides of offered information were 'not enough to give scientific basis and/or to simplify special evidences too much'(60.8%) / 'to exaggerate the contents' (41.4%) / 'not to indicate the notice of side effect and/or to advertise that there are not side effect from using their goods' (34.1%).

Consumer Preferred Formats of Nutrition Labels: Housewives of Daejon City / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer preferred formats of nutrition labels: the type of nutritional information provided on the labels. A survey was conducted on 222 housewives between the age of 20 and 65 in Daejeon city in 1998, using an interview questionnaire showing illustrated nutritional label formats. Among twelve nutrients and caloric values listed on the nutrition labels, the housewives ranked their interest in the items in the following order of calorie (58.56%), calcium (56.76%), cholesterol (54.05%), protein (39.19%) and vitamin C (36.04%). The majority of the subjects (69.37%) checked labels when they bought milk or dairy products, whereas only 8.11% looked at labels when they bought Ramyon or noodles. Most of the subjects (90.99%) preferred products with labels with nutritional information as compared with products without labels. this was especially so true of the younger individuals and of people who checked food labels more frequently. The subjects preferred labeling which described the nutrient content per package (55.41%), serving size (32.88%) and food weight of 100g (11.71%) as a standard unit. Generally, they preferred a simplified list to a detailed list of the number of nutrients, a figure graph to bar graph in nutrition claim, vertical bar graph to horizontal bar graph showing the nutritional content of foods and a web-type graphic format to a radiationformat when describing the item's percentage of the Korean RDA's nutrient content. The subjects who checked labels frequently especially preferred detailed list, while housewives with job or with unhealthy family members preferred a simplified list and graphic, rather than a numerical display. From this result, it is suggested that providing consumers with more nutrients information in a more easily understood graphic format would encourage the consumers to check nutritional labels. Therefore this should be considered when developing the regulations for nutrition labeling or when educating the public about nutrition.