Is body mass index and obesity surgery mortality score important in perioperative complications of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy before discharge? / Os índices de mortalidade, de massa corporal e da cirurgia da obesidade são importantes nas complicações perioperatórias de gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica antes da alta?

ABSTRACT Background: Morbid obesity surgery and related complications have increased with time. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between perioperative complications before discharge and preoperative body mass index and obesity surgery mortality score in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Method: 1617 patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were examined in terms of demographic data, presence of comorbidities, whether there were complications or not, type of complications and obesity surgery mortality score. Results: Complications were seen in 40 patients (2.5%) and mortality wasn't seen in the early postoperative period before discharge. The mean age of patients with complications was 36.3±10.02 years (19-57) and without complications 34.12±9.54 (15-64) years. The preoperative mean BMI values of patients with and without complications were 45.05±3.93 (40-57) kg/m2 and 44.8±3.49 (35-67) kg/m2 respectively. According to BMI groups 40-45 kg/m2, 45-50 kg/m2 and 50 and over, there was not any statistical significance seen in three groups in terms of complication positivity and major-minor complication rates. There was not any statistical significance seen between the patients with and without major-minor complications and obesity surgery mortality score. Conclusion: There was not any relation between perioperative laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy complication rates before discharge and BMI and obesity surgery mortality scores.

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia da obesidade mórbida e complicações relacionadas aumentaram com o tempo. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre as complicações perioperatórias antes da alta e o índice de massa corporal pré-operatório e o escore de mortalidade da cirurgia de obesidade na gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica. Método: 1.617 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram examinados quanto aos dados demográficos, presença de comorbidades, ocorrência ou não de complicações, tipo de complicações e escore de mortalidade cirúrgico da obesidade. Resultados: Complicações foram observadas em 40 pacientes (2,5%) e mortalidade não foi observada no período pós-operatório imediato antes da alta. A média de idade dos pacientes com complicações foi de 36,3±10,02 anos (19-57) e sem complicações de 34,12±9,54 (15-64) anos. Os valores médios de IMC pré-operatórios dos pacientes com e sem complicações foram 45,05±3,93 (40-57) kg/m2 e 44,8±3,49 (35-67) kg/m2, respectivamente. De acordo com os grupos de IMC 40-45 kg/m2, 45-50 kg/m2 e 50 e mais, não houve qualquer significância estatística observada em três grupos em termos de positividade de complicações e taxas de complicações maiores-menores. Não houve significância estatística entre os pacientes com e sem complicações maiores e menores e o escore de mortalidade da cirurgia de obesidade. Conclusão: Não houve qualquer relação entre as taxas de complicações da gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica perioperatória antes da alta e os escores de mortalidade da cirurgia de obesidade e IMC.

Pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia bariátrica em unidade intensiva versus unidade de internação. Estudo retrospectivo com 828 pacientes / Immediate postoperative of bariatric surgery in the intensive care unit versus an inpatient unit. A retrospective study with 828 patients

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a incidência de complicações e a duração da hospitalização de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica internados na unidade de terapia intensiva ou de internação pós-cirúrgica. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, que incluiu 828 pacientes admitidos entre janeiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2015 em pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários eletrônicos. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e as categóricas, o qui quadrado. Resultados: Os pacientes dos dois grupos possuíam características demográficas semelhantes, sem diferença significativa dos dados antropométricos e comorbidades. Comparando-se as complicações entre os dois grupos, não houve diferença significativa. No entanto, o grupo admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva teve maior tempo de internação (mediana de 3 dias versus 2 dias; p < 0,05) e custo hospitalar 8% maior. Conclusão: O presente estudo não encontrou nenhum benefício na internação rotineira de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em unidade de terapia intensiva. Esta prática aumentou o tempo de internação e o custo hospitalar, desperdiçando recursos. É necessária a criação de critérios objetivos para identificar pacientes que necessitem de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva após cirurgia bariátrica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the incidence of complications and the duration of hospitalization of patients undergoing bariatric surgery admitted to the intensive care unit or a post-surgical hospitalization unit. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 828 patients admitted between January 2010 and February 2015 during the immediate postoperative period of bariatric surgery in a hospital. Data were collected via electronic medical records. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables, and the chi-square was used to compare categorical variables. Results: Patients in both groups had similar demographic characteristics, with no significant differences in anthropometric data and comorbidities. There was no significant difference in the comparison of complications between the two groups. However, the group admitted to the intensive care unit had longer hospitalization times (median of 3 days versus 2 days, p < 0.05), and hospital costs were 8% higher. Conclusion: The present study found no benefit in the routine admittance of patients to the intensive care unit after undergoing bariatric surgery. This practice increased hospitalization time and hospital costs, which wasted resources. It is necessary to create objective criteria to identify patients requiring intensive care unit admission after bariatric surgery.

Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Greater Curvature Plication and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with a Body Mass Index of 30 to 35 kg/m²

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was the compare the midterm outcomes of laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 to 35 kg/m². MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single center, retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted for obese patients that underwent LGCP or LSG from March 2013 to February 2016. These two patient groups were compared in terms of demographics, perioperative outcomes, weight loss [percent excess weight loss (%EWL)], comorbidity resolution, and immediate and long-term complications. RESULTS: A total of 149 patients were eligible for the study. Seventy-five patients underwent LGCP (group A) and 74 LSG (group B). These two groups were matched for age, gender, and baseline BMI. Three patients in each group were readmitted for complications within 30 days postoperatively. %EWL in groups A and B were 51.1±16.9 and 47.8±20.8 at 3 months (p=0.084), 71.1±20.2 and 74.5±21.8 at 6 months (p=0.165), 77.1±18.4 and 87.8±25.1 at 12 months (p=0.002), 70.5±18.5 and 83.4±28.7 at 24 months (p=0.005), and 67.3±15.3 and 78.6±31.7 at 36 months (p=0.054), respectively. Intergroup differences in resolution rates of metabolic comorbidities between the two groups were not significant. CONCLUSION: Although mean weight loss after LGCP was inferior to that after LSG, especially after six months postoperatively, it was acceptable, and LGCP had an excellent metabolic comorbidity resolution rate in patients with BMIs, ranging from 30 to 35 kg/m².

Novel Endoscopic Management of Obesity

Endoscopic procedures have been well-documented in the obesity field, but have not yet reached a sufficient level of evidence as stand-alone methods for treating obesity. It is unclear if they should take over. Although expanding, the array of bariatric surgical techniques does not fully meet the current needs, and there are not enough resources for increasing surgery. Surgery is avoided by a majority of patients, so that less aggressive procedures are necessary. For the time being, relevant endoscopic methods include intra-gastric balloons, gastric partitioning (Endo-plication), and the metabolic field (Endo-barrier). Surgical novelties and basic research are also important contributors owing to their potential combination with endoscopy. Conditions have been listed for implementation of bariatric endoscopy, because innovation is risky, expensive, and faces ethical challenges. A scientific background is being built (e.g., hormonal studies). Some techniques require additional study, while others are not ready but should be priorities. Steps and goals include the search for conceptual similarities and the respect of an ethical frame. Minimally invasive bariatric techniques are not ready for prime time, but they are already being successful as re-do procedures. A time-frame for step-strategies can be defined, and more investments from the industry are mandatory.

BAROS METHOD CRITICAL ANALYSIS(BARIATRIC ANALYSIS AND REPORTING SYSTEM) / ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO MÉTODO BAROS(Bariatric Analysis and Reporting System)

Introduction: Although it has received several criticisms, which is considered to be the most effective method used for global assessment of morbid obesity surgical treatment, still needs to be updated.Objective: Critical analysis of BAROS constitution and method.Method: BAROS as headings was searched in literature review using data from the main bariatric surgery journals until 2009.Results: Where found and assessed 121 papers containing criticisms on BAROS constitution and methodology. It has some failures and few researches show results on the use of this instrument, although it is still considered a standard method. Several authors that used it found imperfections in its methodology and suggested some changes addressed to improving its acceptance, showing the need of developing new methods to qualify the bariatric surgery results.Conclusion: BAROS constitution has failures and its methodology needs to be updated.

Introdução: O BAROS é considerado o método mais eficaz e utilizado para a avaliação global do tratamento operatório da obesidade mórbida; porém, possui inúmeras críticas e precisa ser atualizado.Objetivo: Analisar criticamente a constituição e o método do BAROS.Método: Revisão da literatura utilizando o descritor BAROS, pesquisado nas revistas de cirurgia bariátrica até abril de 2009.Resultados: Foram encontrados e avaliados 121 trabalhos. O BAROS possui falhas em sua constituição e metodologia. Embora ainda seja considerado como método-padrão, poucas pesquisas relatam resultados utilizando esse instrumento. Inúmeros pesquisadores que utilizaram este protocolo encontraram imperfeições em seu método e sugeriram modificações para que fosse amplamente aceito, tornando-se evidente a necessidade de um novo método para qualificação dos resultados das operações bariátricas.Conclusão: O BAROS possui falhas em sua constituição e necessita de atualização em seus meios metodológicos.

Resultados iniciales de la cirugía de la obesidad con gastrectomía vertical y by-pass de yeyuno / Initial results of weight loss surgery with vertical gastrectomy and jejunal by-pass

La obesidad mórbida (OM), es una enfermedad crónica que se asocia a riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad. La cirugía ha demostrado ser la mejor opción terapéutica. El objetivo de este estudio, fue reportar los resultados de una serie de pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por OM con gastrectomía vertical y by-pass de yeyuno (GVBY), en términos de reducción del IMC. Serie de casos prospectiva. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por OM, en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile; en el período 2009 y 2014. Todos los pacientes fueron operados con una GVBY. La variable resultado fue reducción del IMC. Otras variables de interés fueron tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria, morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO), pérdida del exceso de peso (PEP), porcentaje de la pérdida del exceso de peso (%PEP), reducción de comorbilidad asociada y mortalidad. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con cálculo de porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se intervinieron 30 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 38 años; con un 73,3% de sexo femenino. Se verificó una reducción progresiva y sostenida del peso, del IMC (normalizado en promedio a los 12 meses), de la PEP y del %PEP a lo largo del tiempo. La reducción general de co-morbilidad fue de 100% y la resolución total de la comorbilidad general fue de 91,1%. La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico y de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 125 min y 3 días respectivamente. La MPO fue de 13,3% (dos casos de fuga anastomótica y dos de hemorragia digestiva alta). La serie no reporta mortalidad. Los resultados observados con GVBY son comparables con los de otras series de cirugía de OM.

Morbid obesity (MO) is a chronic disease that is associated with risk of morbidity and mortality. Surgery has proven to be the best treatment option. The objective of this study is to report the results of a series of patients undergoing surgery for MO with vertical gastrectomy and jejunal bypass (VGJB) in terms of BMI reduction. Prospective case series. All patients undergoing surgery or MO during the 2009 to 2014 period, in the Surgery Department of the Hospital Clinico de la Universidad Mayor, Chile, were included. All patients were operated with a VGJB. The main outcome variable was BMI reduction. Other variables of interest were operative time, hospital stay, postoperative morbidity (POM), excess weight loss (EWL), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), reduction in associated morbidity and mortality. Descriptive statistics were used calculating percentages, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Thirty patients, with a median age of 38 years, 73,3% female, were operated. A progressive and significative reduction of BMI (normalized at 12 month follow-up) EWL and %EWL. Reduction in associated morbidity was 100%. Median of operative time and hospital stay were 125 min and 3 days, respectively. POM was 13.3% (two cases of anastomotic leak and two of upper gastrointestinal bleeding). No mortality was reported in this series of patients. Observed results with VGJB are comparable with other series of surgery for MO.

Sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures / Gastrectomia vertical com medidas antirrefluxo

Objective Sleeve gastrectomy is the fastest growing surgical procedure to treat obesity in the world but it may cause or worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease. This article originally aimed to describe the addition of anti-reflux procedures (removal of periesophageal fats pads, hiatoplasty, a small plication and fixation of the gastric remnant in position) to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to report early and late results. Methods Eighty-eight obese patients that also presented symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were submitted to sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures. Fifty of them were also submitted to a transit bipartition. The weight loss of these patients was compared to consecutive 360 patients previously submitted to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to 1,140 submitted to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were specifically inquired in all anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy patients and compared to the results of the same questionnaire applied to 50 sleeve gastrectomy patients and 60 sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition patients that also presented preoperative symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Results In terms of weight loss, excess of body mass index loss percentage after anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy is not inferior to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition is not inferior to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity but significantly diminished gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and the use of proton pump inhibitors to treat this condition. Conclusion The addition of anti-reflux procedures, such as hiatoplasty and cardioplication, to the usual sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity neither worsened the weight loss but significantly reduced the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms as well as the use of proton pump inhibitors. .

Objetivo A gastrectomia vertical é o procedimento cirúrgico para tratamento da obesidade que mais cresce em indicações. No entanto, esse procedimento pode causar ou agravar a doença do refluxo gastresofágico. Este artigo buscou descrever originalmente a adição de procedimentos antirrefluxo (remoção de coxins gordurosos do hiato, hiatoplastia, pequena plicatura e fixação do remanescente na posição anatômica), além de relatar seus resultados precoces e tardios. Métodos Foram submetidos à gastrectomia vertical com medidas antirrefluxo 88 oito pacientes obesos com sintomas de doença do refluxo gastresofágico. Dentre esses pacientes, 50 foram submetidos também à bipartição do trânsito. A perda de peso destes foi comparada àquela ocorrida em 360 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à gastrectomia vertical usual e à de 1.140 pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia vertical + bipartição do trânsito. Os sintomas do refluxo gastresofágico foram investigados por meio de questionário em todos os submetidos à gastrectomia vertical com medidas antirrefluxo e comparados com os resultados obtidos em 50 pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia vertical usual e a 60 submetidos à gastrectomia vertical + bipartição do trânsito, também com sintomas prévios de doença do refluxo gastresofágico. Resultados O percentual de perda do excesso de índice de massa corporal após gastrectomia vertical antirefluxo não foi inferior a gastrectomia vertical usual. Além disso, a gastrectomia vertical antirefluxo + bipartição do trânsito não foi inferior a gastrectomia vertical + bipartição do trânsito. Não houve aumento da morbidade na gastrectomia vertical antirefluxo, porém notou-se redução ...

Impact of bariatric surgeries on diabetes outcomes / Impacto da cirurgia bariátrica no resultado do diabetes

Obesity and type 2-diabetes (T2D) are associated to dramatically high morbidity and mortality, and their incidence and prevalence are increasing rapidly. Bariatric surgeries, including a variety of gastrointestinal surgical procedures achieve substantial and sustained weight loss in morbidly obese patients, strongly improves diabetes and hypertension control or prevalence, quality of life, decreases incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction and obstructive sleep apnea among other favorable clinical outcomes. Most important, mortality rates decreases. The objectives of this narrative review were the effectiveness of bariatric procedures on diabetes remission or improvement and the implicated mechanisms. It was found that bariatric surgeries induce high rates of short and long-term diabetes remission (from 60 to 95% or improved control), according to the surgical intervention, with low frequency of perioperative and postoperative complications. Rates of diabetes recurrence are not well known, but the time free-of-disease should ameliorate diabetes complications and mortality. The mechanisms are still not completely understood; encompass improved insulin action, better b-cell function, higher adiponectin, lower inflammation and complex changes of hormones of the entero-insular axis, GLP-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Insulin action improves proportionally to weight loss (WL), in most types of surgery, but normalizes after Bilio-pancreatic diversion even in still obese people. b-cell function improves more after bypass than after restrictive surgeries, but does not normalize and baseline function predicts diabetes remission. Efforts to understand mechanisms and predictive factors for diabetes remission may optimize surgical interventions for metabolic disorders even in less obese patients. Finally and more important, they might drive the development of new clinical approaches for T2D...

Functional assessment of older obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery / Avaliação funcional de pacientes idosos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica

Context Obesity in the elderly is associated with exacerbation of functional decline (dependency), that occurs with aging, because of decreased muscle mass and strength, and increased joint dysfunction. Consequently, there is progressive loss of independence, autonomy, chronic pain and impaired quality of life. The weight loss can bring benefits in all these aspects, especially when accompanied by exercises. Elderly patients with morbid obesity may be submitted to surgical treatment, taking into account that the massive weight loss, eventually caused by bariatric surgery, may exacerbate the loss of muscle mass and nutritional complications that may bring harm to the overall health and quality of life of these patients. The functional assessment of elderly patients, candidates for bariatric surgery and the extent to which surgery can bring benefits to the patients, in the field of functionality, has still to be determined. Objective To describe profile functionality in obese elderly referred to a bariatric surgery program. Methods Patients with age ≥60 and BMI ≥35 underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment that evaluates co morbidities, medication use, ability to perform basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and the “Timedupandgo” test to evaluate mobility, whose cut-off point was ≤10 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed in order to see if there is a positive correlation of dependency with BMI and age (over or under 65 years). Results Forty subjects have completed evaluation. The mean age was 64.1 years (60-72) and 75% were women. They had an average weight of 121.1 kg (72.7-204) and a mean BMI of 47.2 kg/m2 (35.8-68.9). 16 patients (40%) have shown dependency for activities of daily living, 19 (47,5%) for instrumental activities of daily living and 20 patients (50%) had a “Timedupandgo” test over 10 seconds. Statistical analysis (t-Student, ...

Contexto A obesidade em idosos está associada ao maior comprometimento da funcionalidade, que ocorre com o envelhecimento e em decorrência de perda de massa e força muscular, além de disfunção articular. Como consequência, há perda progressiva de autonomia, dor crônica, diminuição de qualidade de vida e dependência progressiva. A perda de peso pode trazer benefícios em todos esses aspectos, principalmente quando acompanhada de exercícios físicos. Pacientes idosos com obesidade mórbida podem ser submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, levando-se em consideração que a perda de peso maciça, proporcionada pela cirurgia bariátrica, pode agravar a perda de massa muscular e trazer complicações nutricionais que poderão prejudicar a saúde global e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. A avaliação funcional de pacientes idosos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica e, em que medida a cirurgia pode trazer benefícios ao paciente no campo da funcionalidade ainda precisam ser determinadas. Objetivos Objetivo - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de funcionalidade de pacientes idosos em um programa de cirurgia bariátrica. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou por meio de entrevista, exame físico, exames laboratoriais e revisão de prontuários pacientes com obesidade graus II e III, candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, com 60 anos ou mais. A análise incluiu peso, IMC, presença de comorbidades mais comuns, utilização de medicações para doenças crônicas e testes funcionais. Para os últimos foram utilizados questionários de avaliação de atividades diárias, atividades diárias instrumentalizadas e o teste “Timeupandgo” que avalia mobilidade, cujo tempo de corte é de até ...

Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: operative results in 100 patients / Bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux por via robótica: resultados de 100 pacientes operados

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic gastric bypass is gold-standard for morbid obesity treatment. AIM: To describe the results of robotic gastric bypass for morbid obesity patients. METHOD: Were operated on 100 morbidly obese patients through totally robotic gastric bypass between 2013 and 2014. They were 83% female. The age ranged from 20 to 65 years old (medium 48,5 years); the body mass index varied between 38-67 (medium 42,3 kg/cm2). The procedure was designed with 3 cm long gastric pouch, 1 m biliopancreatic limb, 1,2 m alimentary limb, manual or stapled anastomosis. There were four super-super-obese patients and four revisional surgeries. RESULTS: Docking time varied from 1 to 20 min (medium 4 min). Console time varied from 40-185 min (medium 105 min). There were no intra operative complications or mortality. There were two lower limb deep venous thrombosis. There was no readmission in the first 30 days. CONCLUSION: Totally robotic gastric bypass is safe and reproduceable, with excellent results even during the initial experience with regular surgeries, revisional surgeries or in super-obese patients. Adequate training may shortens or obviates the learning curve. .

RACIONAL: O bypass gástrico laparoscópico é operação consagrada no tratamento da obesidade mórbida. OBJETIVO: Apresentar resultados da cirurgia robótica na realização do bypass gástrico para controle da obesidade mórbida. MÉTODO: Foram operados 100 pacientes com obesidade mórbida totalmente por via robótica entre 2013 e 2014. Dos pacientes 83% eram mulheres. A idade variou de 20-65 anos (média de 48,5 anos). O índice de massa corpórea variou entre 38-67 (média de 42,3 kg/cm2). O modelo da operação constou de um coto gástrico de 3 cm de extensão, alça biliopancreática de 1 m, alça alimentar de 1,2 m, anastomose manual ou com grampeador linear. Quatro pacientes eram super-super-obesos, e houve quatro casos de operações revisionais. RESULTADOS: O tempo de acoplamento do robô variou de 1 a 20 min, com média de 4. O tempo de console variou de 40 a 185 min, com média de 105. Não houve complicações intra-operatórias. Houve duas tromboses venosas profundas de membros inferiores. Não houve mortalidade ou re-internação nos primeiros 30 dias. CONCLUSÃO: O bypass gástrico robótico mostrou-se seguro e apresentou excelentes resultados mesmo na fase inicial da experiência nas operações primárias, revisionais e em pacientes super-obesos. Adequado treinamento pode encurtar ou obviar a curva de aprendizado. .

Manobra de recrutamento alveolar e suporte ventilatorio perioperatorio em pacientes obesos submetidos a cirurgia abdominal / Alveolar recruitment maneuver and perioperative ventilatory support in obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery

O desenvolvimento da cirurgia abdominal proporcionou uma alternativa terapêutica para obesos mórbidos; entretanto, os pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento frequentemente apresentam complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias. Uma possível alternativa para a redução dessas complicações é a utilização da manobra de recrutamento alveolar e/ou estratégias ventilatórias perioperatórias, com foco na redução das complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias. Nesta revisão, são descritos os benefícios de estratégias ventilatórias perioperatórias, assim como a realização de manobra de recrutamento alveolar em pacientes obesos submetidos a cirurgia abdominal.

The development of abdominal surgery represents an alternative therapy for the morbidly obese; however, patients undergoing this surgical procedure often experience postoperative pulmonary complications. The use of alveolar recruitment maneuvers and/or perioperative ventilatory strategies is a possible alternative to reduce these complications, focusing on the reduction of postoperative pulmonary complications. In this review, the benefits of perioperative ventilatory strategies and the implementation of alveolar recruitment maneuvers in obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery are described.

Cirugía plástica post cirugía bariátrica / Plastic surgery after bariatric surgery

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica en aumento vertiginoso. Los pacientes obesos mórbidos que se someten a cirugía bariátrica tienen después de esta cirugía una pérdida que varía entre un 40 por ciento al 60 por ciento de su peso original y posteriormente requieren de la cirugía plástica para corregir los excesos de tejido cutáneo tras esta significativa baja de peso. Son varias las plastias que son necesarias y habitualmente varios los tiempos quirúrgicos que se requieren en esta corrección. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas en los pacientes post obesas son mayores que en los pacientes habituales. En este trabajo se exponen los aspectos más relevantes de este proceso y las características de estas plastias post cirugía bariátrica.

Obesity it’s a chronic disease that increases dramatically. Obese morbid patients that under go bariatric surgery experiment after this surgical procedure a weight loss of about 40 to 60 percent and they need after the bariatric surgery many others plastic surgeries procedures to eliminate the skin excess with extreme flaccidity. There are more complications in post morbid surgeries than in normal surgery patients. In this report are shown the most relevant aspects of the post bariatric plastic surgical procedures.

Banda gástrica ajustável laparoscópica: alternativa técnica / Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: technical alternative

In these paper we are presenting a technical alternative to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. From January 1999 to April 2000, 60 patients with mean body mass index (BMI) of 40,7 kg/m2 underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. The new technique is performed in two steps. In the first step, an isolation instrument (laparoscopic finger) is inserted through the lesser sac, next to the junction of diaphragmatic crura, including the lesser omentum in order to pull the band catheter. The second step separates the lesser omentum from the right side of the stomach.There was no mortality and the morbidity was 11,6 percent (1 slippage of the band and 6 trocar port seroma). The new technique was performed in all patients with no conversion to open procedure. We didn't have respiratory complications. This technical alternative is safe and easily performed, helping to prevent transoperative perforations.