Variaciones celulares de la mucosa bucal en pacientes portadores de prótesis dental completa / Cellular variations of the oral mucous in patients with complete dental prosthesis i: en

Introducción: La prótesis dental completa genera una reacción tisular en el medio bucal, cuyo diagnóstico puede ser confirmado mediante el estudio citológico, que constituye una herramienta imprescindible para identificar cambios displásicos tempranos de la mucosa subprótesis. Objetivo: Identificar las posibles variaciones celulares de la mucosa bucal en pacientes portadores de prótesis completa. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, de junio de 2014 a enero de 2019, de 100 pacientes atendidos en la consulta de Prótesis Estomatológica, a los cuales se les realizó el raspado citológico de la mucosa del paladar y los rebordes para su posterior análisis microscópico según variables de interés. Para el procesamiento estadístico se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen y el estadígrafo de la Χ2, con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: En la serie predominaron las displasias leves (66,7 %), que resultaron más frecuentes en las edades de 20 a 39 años (12,5 %), en tanto, las moderadas y las graves figuraron principalmente en el grupo etario de 60 y más años (9,3 y 27,7 %, respectivamente). Todos los tipos de displasia primaron en los pacientes que habían portado la prótesis por más de 5 años y afectaron mayormente la queratina; de igual modo, entre las lesiones observadas, la estomatitis afectaba a un mayor porcentaje (31,2), sobre todo en el paladar (82,3 %), mientras que 8,3 % correspondió a la leucoplasia. Conclusión: Las pruebas citológicas son imprescindibles para la confirmación diagnóstica de cambios displásicos y posibilitan la prevención temprana del cáncer bucal.

Introduction: The complete dental prosthesis generates a tisular reaction in the oral cavity which diagnosis can be confirmed by means of citological study that constitutes an indispensable tool to identify early dysplastic changes of the subprosthesis mucous. Objective: To identify the oral possible cellular variations of the oral mucous in patients with complete prosthesis. Methods: A descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out in Mártires del Moncada Provincial Stomatological Clinic of Santiago de Cuba, from June, 2014 to January, 2019, with 100 patients, assisted in the Stomatological Prosthesis Department to whom the cytological scrapings of the palate and the edges were carried out for their later microscopic analysis according to variables of interest. For the statistical procedures, the percentage was used as summary measure and the Chi squared statistician, with a significance level of 0,05. Results: In the series the mild dysplasias prevailed (66,7%) that were more frequent in the 20 to 39 age group (12,5%), while the moderate and the serious dysplasias figured mainly in the age group of 60 and over (9,3 and 27,7%, respectively). All the dysplasia types prevailed in the patients that had carried the prosthesis for more than 5 years and they mostly affected the keratin; in a same way, among the observed lesions, the stomatitis affected a higher percentage (31,2), mainly in the palate (82,3%), while 8,3% corresponded to the leukoplakia. Conclusion: The cytological checkups are indispensable for the diagnostic confirmation of dysplasic changes and they allow to prevent early oral cancer.

Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of oral submucous fibrosis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic disease that produces scars, tissue fibrosis, and precancerous lesions. Epidemiological studies have shown that chewing betel nut is the most significant risk factor for OSF. Many studies have also indicated that habits such as chewing and smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol increase the risk of OSF, which is widely recognized as an oral precancerous lesion or a potentially malignant oral disorder. Pathological characteristics include chronic inflammation, excessive collagen deposition in the connective tissues below the oral mucous epithelium and local inflammation in the lamina propria or deep connective tissues. OSF patients have a 7%~30% chance of developing oral cancer. Submucosal local injection of triamcinolone and tanshinone was mainly used for the treatment of oral submucosal fibrosis. This treatment improves mouth opening and alleviates the burning sensation in OSF, and the treatment efficacy was as high as 93%. The article will discuss the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of oral submucous fibrosis for clinical management by the medical community.

Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGF) expression in wistar rat oral mucosa traumatic ulcer due to golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanni) extract gel

Background@#Traumatic ulcer is a lesion formed by a local tissue damage due to trauma on epithelial layer. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays an important role in wound healing, especially in angiogenesis. Golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanni) is believed to accelerate the wound healing process. @*Objective@#To prove that golden sea cucumber extract can increase VEGF expression in oral mucous membrane traumatic ulcer in rat.@*Method@#S. hermanni extract was prepared by freeze-dry method, then an extract was made using PEG 400 or PEG 4000 at 40% and 80% concentrations, respectively, and applied to the animal’s oral wounds. The animals were divided into three groups: control; 40% S. hermanni extract gel; and 80% S. hermanni extract gel. The ulcers that formed on day 3 were rubbed gently with S. hermanni extract gel. After being sacrificed on day 4, sample tissues from the lower lips were prepared for histopathology to count the number of VEGF expression. The results were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA statistical test. @*Results@#A significant increase in the VEGF expression of 80% concentration S. hermanni extract gel was found compared with those in the control group (p=0.00).@*Conclusion@#Golden sea cucumber extract (Stichopus hermanni) gel increased the VEGF expression in oral mucous traumatic ulcer.

Systemic corticosteroid in the treatment of a 9-year-old boy with oral mucous membrane pemphigoid: a case report / Utilização de corticóide sistêmico no tratamento do penfigóide benigno das membranas mucosas em uma criança de 9 anos de idade: um relato de caso

Objective: The aim of this report is present a rare case of oral Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) in a 9-year-old-boy successfully treated with low doses of systemic corticosteroid. Case description: A 9-year-old boy was referred to our service with the complaint of painful gingiva and generalized burning mouth sensation over 1 year. Intraoral examination revealed desquamative lesions affecting the entire attached gingiva of both the maxilla and the mandible. After the incisional biopsy the MMP diagnosis was confirmed, and the patient was initially treated with dexamethasone 0,1mg/Ml mouth rinse twice daily for 24 weeks. Due the difficulty in eating and the presence of persistent large oral lesions, systemic prednisone 20 mg (1 mg/Kg) was prescribed for 4 weeks with a 5 mg gradual reduction per week over 3 weeks. After initiating the systemic corticosteroid therapy, the patient showed total regression of the lesions, and no indication of recurrence has been observed in the past 6 months. Conclusion: There is no cure for MMP; however, treatment can provide complete and long-lasting remission. Based on this premise, it is plausible to consider not only topical but also low doses of systemic corticosteroids in resistant cases of oral MMP, even in children. These measures could improve the quality of life of these patients by reducing pain and, consequently, improving the child's eating behavior.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso raro de Penfigóide Benigno das Membranas Mucosas (PBMM) em um menino de 9 anos de idade tratado com sucesso com baixas doses de corticosteróide sistémico. Relato de caso: Um menino de 9 anos de idade foi encaminhado ao nosso serviço com a queixa de gengiva dolorida e sensação de queimação na boca há aproximadamente 1 ano. Ao exame físico intraoral constatou-se a presença de lesões descamativas que afetavam toda a gengiva inserida, tanto na maxila quanto na mandíbula. Após a realização de uma biópsia incisional o diagnóstico de PBMM foi confirmado, e o paciente foi inicialmente tratado com elixir de dexametasona 0,1mg / ml duas vezes por dia durante 24 semanas. Devido a dificuldade em comer e a presença de grandes lesões orais persistentes, foi prescrito prednisona sistêmica 20 mg (1 mg / Kg) por 4 semanas com uma redução gradual de 5 mg por semana durante 3 semanas. Depois de iniciar a corticoterapia sistêmica, o paciente apresentou regressão total das lesões, e nenhum sinal de recorrência tem sido observado nos últimos 6 meses. Conclusão: Não há cura para o PBMM; no entanto, o tratamento pode proporcionar a remissão completa e de longa duração. Com base nesta premissa, é plausível considerar a terapia tópica, mas também a utilização de corticosteroides sistêmicos em casos resistentes de PBMM oral, mesmo em crianças. Estas medidas poderiam melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes, reduzindo a dor e, consequentemente, melhorando a alimentação da criança.

A preferable approach to clone hLIF cDNA from the genomic DNA

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is valuable for investigating protein structure and function in the research of life science, but it is difficult to obtain by traditional reverse transcription. In this study, we employed a novel strategy to clone the human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) gene cDNA from genomic DNA directly isolated from the mucous membrane of mouth. The hLIF sequence can be acquired within a few hours by means of amplification of each exon and splicing using overlap-PCR. Thus, the new approach developed in this study is simple, time- and cost-effective, and it is not limited to particular gene expression levels of each tissue.

Liquen plano en cavidad oral: reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Oral lichen planus: a clinical case report and literature review

El liquen plano oral (LP) es una enfermedad mucocutánea crónica, de carácter inflamatorio, etiología desconocida y naturaleza autoinmune, en la que se produce una agresión por parte de los linfocitos T dirigida frente a las células basales del epitelio de la mucosa oral. Clínicamente se manifiesta como formas reticulares o atrófico-erosivas y potencialmente puede afectar a la piel y mucosas, siendo frecuente que las lesiones bucales precedan a las cutáneas o que sea única la localización intraoral. El diagnóstico del LPO debe basarse en la observación clínica y confirmarse con la descripción de las características histopatológicas. Hay una serie de criterios clínicos e histopatológicos importantes para sentar el diagnóstico de una manera concluyente. La etiopatogenia es desconocida, aunque hay suficientes datos que permiten suponer que los mecanismos inmunológicos son fundamentales en la iniciación y perpetuación del proceso. Hoy día se acepta que el LPO representa una respuesta inmune mediada por células en la que existe una interacción linfocito-epitelio dirigida contra antígenos de los queratinocitos basales del epitelio que culmina con la degeneración del estrato basal del epitelio. Se presenta caso clínico de paciente femenino de36 años de edad que acudió a consulta odontológica en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena por presentar descamaciones ubicadas en encía vestibular zona de de antero superiores de varios meses de evolución, sintomática. La paciente manifiesta episodios de stress constante en los últimos meses. Se le realizó biopsia incisional y se envió a patología donde se confirmó el diagnóstico de Liquen Plano

Oral lichen Planus (LP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease, an inflammatory autoimmune nature and unknown etiology, which produces an aggression directed against T lymphocyte cells of the basal epithelium of the oral mucosa. Clinically it shows reticular or atrophic-erosive forms and can potentially affect the skin and mucous membranes, where oral lesions often precede the skin or intraoral location is unique. The diagnosis of OLP should be based on clinical observation and confirmed with the description of the histopathological changes. There are an important number of clinical and histopathological criteria important to establish the diagnosis of a conclusive manner. The pathogenesis is unknown, although there are sufficient data suggesting that immunological mechanisms are essential in the initiation and perpetuation of the process. Today it is accepted that the LPO is a cell-mediated immune response in which there is a lymphocyte interaction directed against epithelial antigens of the basal keratinocytes of the epithelium leading to the degeneration of the basal layer of the epithelium. We present clinical the case of a 36 years old female patient who visited the Dental School of Dentistry, University of Cartagena for showing a descamative lesion in the upper vestibular gingival, located in the anterior area with several months of development, with no symptoms, as.the patient referred, In addition, the patient commented to be under stressfull episodes in the latest months. Incisional biopsy was performed and sent to pathology which confirmed the diagnosis of lichen planus

Verrugas vulgares bucales múltiples. Reporte de un caso.

Los virus de papiloma humano son un grupo de virus con genoma de ácido dexosiribonucleico, los cuales necesitan una célula hospedera para reproducirse y multiplicarse. La infección por el virus papiloma humano se ha asociado con lesiones epiteliales hiperplasicas, papilomatosas y carcinomas verrugosos en la piel y en diferentes tipos de mucosas, incluyendo el tracto anogenital, uretra y las mucosas traqueobronquial, nasal, de la laringe y de la cavidad bucal. En la actualidad se han descrito alrededor de 100 tipos de virus papiloma humano. Las verrugas comunes o verrugas vulgares son lesiones de la infancia producidas por los virus papiloma humano 2, 4, y 40, se presentan como nodulos benignos elevados y firmes con proyecciones papilomatosas características en la superficie. El sitio más común de aparición es en la piel de los dedos. Las lesiones orales son relativamente raras y usualmente causadas por autoinoculación a partir de las lesiones de dedos y manos. Nosotros reportamos un caso de múltiples verrugas vulgares bucales, en una niña de 12 años sin lesiones semejantes en ninguna otra zona del cuerpo.

The human papilloma viruses with desoxyribonucleic acid genome which need a host cell for their reproduction and multiplication. The human papilloma virus infection has been associated to epithelium hyperplastic, papillomas and verrucous carcinoma lesions on the skin and differents kind of mucous. Including anogenital tract, uretra and tracheobronquial, nasal, lariyngeal and oral mucous. Currently, about 100 kinds of human papilloma viruses have been described. The common wart or verruca vulgaris are lesions of childhood caused by HPV 2, 4, and 40. These are benign, elevated, firm nodules with characteristic papillomatous surface projections. The most common site of occurrence is the finger. Oral lesions are relatively rare and are usually caused by auto inoculation from lesions on the fingers and hands. We here with report a case of oral verruca vulgaris that occurred in a middle-aged individual without any wart like lesions elsewhere in the body.

Efecto de la Aplicación de Láser de Baja Potencia Sobre la Mucosa Oral Lesionada / Effect of the Low-power Laser on the Oral Mucous Injured

La utilización del láser ha tenido una constante evolución y desarrollo. Se ha comprobado en numerosos estudios los efectos bioestimulantes que la irradiación láser de baja potencia produce al interactuar con los tejidos y células. Este estudio pretende determinar la existencia de diferencias morfológicas en la mucosa oral lesionada, posterior a la irradiación con láser de baja potencia, a través de cambios en la densidad vascular del plexo subpapilar de la mucosa oral. Se utilizaron 15 ratas Sprague Dawley, las cuales se dividieron en tres grupos. A la totalidad de los animales se les lesionó la mucosa oral, en la zona media del frenillo labial inferior. El grupo I se tomó como control; al grupo II se le aplicó láser de baja potencia sobre la mucosa oral inmediatamente realizada la lesión, luego, a las 24 y 48 horas, en una dosis de 6 Joule/cm² por aplicación; al grupo III se le aplicó láser de baja potencia en una dosis única de 18 Joule/cm² inmediatamente efectuada la lesión. La unidad de muestra y análisis fueron los cortes histológicos obtenidos de la sección de la mucosa oral lesionada. Los resultados muestran una mayor densidad vascular en el grupo II con respecto a los grupos I y III, con una densidad promedio de 4,07 vasos sanguíneos/25mm², mientras el grupo I de 2,47 vasos sanguíneos/25mm² y el grupo III de 1,87 vasos sanguíneos/25mm². No se observó diferencia entre las densidades obtenidas para los grupos I y III. Estos resultados indican que la aplicación de láser de baja potencia en dosis baja produce un aumento en la densidad vascular en la mucosa oral lesionada.

The laser use has had a constant evolution and development; the bioestimulantion effects have been verified in numerous studies that the irradiation laser of fall promotes produces on having interacted with cells and tissues This study tries to determine the morphologic differences in the oral mucous injured, after the application of low-level laser, across changes in the vascular density of the subpapilar plexus of the mucous oral. Fifteen Sprague Dawley mice were used, which formed three groups, in the total number of animals the oral mucous was injured, in the average zone of the labial low frenum. Group I was taken as a control; in group II a low-level laser was applied on the mucous immediately the oral injury, then, at 48 after 24 hours in a dose of 6 Joule/cm² for application; Group III a low-level laser in a single dose of 18 Joule/cm² was applied immediately the oral injury. The unit of sample and analysis they were the histological cuts obtained of the section of the oral mucous injured. The results show a major vascular density in the group the II with regard to the group I and the III, with a density I mediate of 4,07 vassels/25mm², while the group I of 2,47 vassels/25mm² and group II of 1,87 vassels/25mm². No find differences between groups I and III. These results indicate that the application of low-level laser in low dose originate an increase in the vascular density in the oral mucous injured.

Preliminary evaluation of the biocompatibility of a liquid abstract of propolis / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the biocompatibility Abstract of a liquid of propolis. Methods:According to the relative Chinese national standards,the cytotoxicity of the propolis abstract was investigated by in vitro cell culture,agar diffusion test and the oral mucous membrane irritation response test in rabbits. Results:In the in vitro tests the propolis abstract showed grade 0 cytotoxicity. In the in vivo test the abstract did not result in any pathological change in oral mucous membrane.Conclusion:The propolis abstract is biocompatible.