ABSTRACT
Introduction: Blindness and Vision impairment cause significant morbidity amongst Indian population. According to WHO estimates, about 20.5 % people in India are categorized as blind while 22.2 % people have low vision. The orbital masses owing to the small anatomical volume of orbit can cause devastating consequences. Ultrasound and colour doppler are useful in analysis of orbital masses with real time evaluation, excellent soft tissue resolution, localisation, and benign or malignant nature of masses. This study evaluates the role of ultrasound in orbital masses.Aim: To study the role of ultrasound in evaluation and identification of orbital masses.Study design & settings: Prospective observational study in ultrasound unit of a rural hospital in central India.Materials and methods: Atotal of 316 consenting patients were studied for 1 year using high frequency linear and curved probes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (IBM Inc.)Results:Out of the 316 patients, total 15 cases were identified to have orbital masses. Most common orbital mass lesions observed were lacrimal gland tumours. Most of the masses were extraconal in location and most common ultrasound appearance of the lesions was solid with most of the malignant masses showing vascularity on colour doppler imaging.Conclusion:Ultrasound can identify and characterize orbital masses based on appearance and echotexture with accurate localisation. It is cheap and easily available with no radiation hazards Pre-operative ultrasound and Colour Doppler evaluation of orbit can help in predicting prognosis of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: La formulación del problema científico en un artículo de investigación es un elemento fundamental para su comprensión y reproducibilidad. No definirlo o formularlo de manera incorrecta conduciría inevitablemente a un documento difícil de entender y de replicar. Objetivo: Identificar las líneas de investigación más comunes en revistas biomédicas cubanas indizadas en SciELO, la frecuencia de artículos de investigación con problema científico correctamente definido y los errores más comunes en su formulación. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en artículos de investigación publicados en el año 2016 en 32 revistas biomédicas cubanas indizadas en SciELO. A partir de 5 836 palabras clave se obtuvieron las líneas de investigación más frecuentes. Mediante una muestra aleatoria de 50 artículos, se estimó el porcentaje de publicaciones con problema científico correctamente definido. Se calcularon los porcentajes de errores según el tipo en cada artículo. Resultados: Las líneas de investigación más frecuentemente asociadas a las palabras clave fueron educación médica, factores de riesgo y atención secundaria de salud. Solo el 36 por ciento de los trabajos formularon correctamente el problema científico. Ningún artículo realizó una valoración crítica de este y el 58 por ciento incluyó métodos para abordarlo. Conclusiones: Las líneas de investigación identificadas en los artículos estudiados pueden ser de poco interés para la investigación biomédica. Los artículos de investigación con problemas científicos no definidos o formulados de forma incorrecta incrementan las dificultades para el análisis, la discusión y la crítica de los resultados científicos. Los errores más comunes en la formulación del problema científico sugieren que la motivación principal podría no ser la divulgación de un resultado científico, sino la publicación en sí misma(AU)
Introduction: The formulation of the scientific problem in a research article is a key element for its understanding and reproducibility. If it is not defined or if it is incorrectly formulated, it would inevitably lead to the creation of a document which would be very difficult to understand and replicate. Objective: To identify the most common lines of research in Cuban biomedical journals indexed in SciELO, the frequency of research articles with a correctly defined scientific problem, and the most common errors in its formulation. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in research articles that were published in 2016 in 32 Cuban biomedical journals indexed in SciELO. The most frequent lines of research were obtained from 5 836 keywords. The percentage of publication with a correctly defined scientific problem was estimated by a random selection of a sample of 50 articles, and the percentage of publications with a correctly defined scientific problem was also calculated. Percentages of errors according to type were measured in each article. Results: The most frequent lines of research associated with keywords were: medical education, risk factors, and secondary health care. Only 36 percent of the works formulated the scientific problem correctly. No article made a critical assessment of it, and the 58 percent included methods to address it. Conclusions: The lines of research identified in the articles under study may appear to be of minor interest for biomedical research. The research articles with not defined or incorrectly formulated scientific problems increase the difficulties for their analysis, discussion, and review of scientific results. The most common errors in the formulation of the scientific problem suggest that the main motivation could not be the dissemination of a scientific result, but the publication itself(AU)
Subject(s)
Research , Biomedical Research/education , Periodical , Methodology as a Subject , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , CubaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a major challenge to prevailing disease management. MDR-TB arises from mutations in several genes comprising the resistance determining regions, including rpoB, katG and gyrA. OBJECTIVE: To detect and characterize mutations in rpoB, katG and gyrA. METHODS: Thirty selected Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the IDS-PGH were subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing. Sequences were compared to the wild type strain H37Rv. RESULTS: Mutations were detected in codons 512, 513, 516, 522, 526, 531 and 533 of rpoB, codons 280, 281, 315 and 333 of katG, and codons 90 and 94 of gyrA sequences. The most frequently mutating codons for rpoB, katG and gyrA were 531, 315 and 94, respectively. A clustering analysis of the sequences showed occurrence of seven, four and three clusters for the genes rpoB, katG and gyrA, respectively. The eight clusters obtained from the concatenated sequences of the three genes represent the eight potential genotypes of local strains. One cluster represents the wild type strain genotype, another cluster represents the XDR strain genotype, and six clusters represent the MDR strain genotypes. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate the utility of multiple RDR sequence analysis in both identifying specific drug resistance mutation and genotyping of various M. tuberculosis isolates.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Therapeutics , Therapeutics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Genotype , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Codon , Mutation , Drug Resistance , Disease ManagementABSTRACT
Descrevem-se as orientações básicas para redação de artigo científico, tipo original, por meio da análise das diferentes partes ou seções desse tipo de trabalho. Abordam-se também as bases teóricas da redação científica e o estilo da linguagem científica.
This work presents a basic orientation for the writing of scientific papers type original through analysis of their component parts. The theoretical bases of scientific writing and the writing style of the scientific language are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Periodicals as Topic , Writing/standardsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the validity of the National Medical Admissions Test (NMAT) score, Pre-Medicine general weighted average grade (Pre-Med GWAG) in predicting the academic performance in medical school, as measured by the medical school general weighted average grade (Med GWAG) and Physician Licensure Examination (PLE). It also aimed to study which among the NMAT, pre-medicine GWAG and MedGWAG best correlates with PLE. METHODS: Records of graduates of th UPCM from 2004 to 2009 were retrieved and data regardin the following entry characteristics were collected: National Medical Admissions Test (NMAT) scores, pre-Medicine general weighted average grade (MedGWAG). Average and individual subject scores in the PLE were retrieved for this study. Statistical analysis using the Pearson correlation analysis was performed using STATA. RESULTS: The NMAT, MedGWAG and PLE scores of the direct and lateral entrants were not significantly different from each other. There was weak correlation between NMAT and Pre-Med GWAG and weak to moderate correlation between NMAT and Med GWAG. Except for the 2009 graduates where no correlation between NMAT and PLE scores was noted for 2004-2008 graduates. There was moderate to strong correlation between Pre-Med GWAG and Med GWAG and weak correlation between Pre-Med GWAG and PLE scores. There was strong correlation between Med GWAG and PLE scores. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-Med GWAG had higher correlations to Med GWAG than NMAT scores. In Terms of PLE scores, the Medicine GWAG showed the highest correlation followed by Pre-Med GWAG, then NMAT scores.
Subject(s)
Schools, Medical , Licensure , Medicine , Physicians , Academic PerformanceABSTRACT
Basic research program is essential to the investigation of the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment for these diseases. With increasing support of research grants at various levels, basic research in ophthalmology has gained great achievement in China in recent years. A number of studies have recently been published in well known peer-review international journals and won the State Scientific and Technological Progress Awards. However, we have to keep it in mind that basic research in ophthalmology should be improved qualitatively meanwhile, the imbalance in basic study among different areas needs to be resolved in the near future.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The measurement of quality of life (QOL) is increasingly important in patients with skin diseases. However, no study has objectively analyzed these trends in the Korean literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze original articles that measure QOL in the Korean Journal of Dermatology and to evaluate the use of QOL instruments. METHODS: We collected 14 original articles that measure QOL from the Korean Journal of Dermatology (1960 to 2008) and analyzed these articles for annual changes of the number of articles, the kind and frequency of QOL instrument, and the kind of skin disease in the articles. We also analyzed 66 original articles from the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (JAAD) (1979 to 2008) in the same way. RESULTS: In general, the number of articles that measure QOL in the Korean Journal of Dermatology increased. The articles for psoriasis and acne vulgaris accounted for 21.4% of the articles each. Dermatology-specific instruments were the most common QOL instruments used. These results were similar for the JAAD. Of the dermatology-specific instruments, the skindex-29 was used most frequently in the Korean Journal of Dermatology, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index in the JAAD. CONCLUSION: Measuring the impact of skin disease on QOL is increasingly important. Domestic assessment of QOL in skin disease using novel QOL instruments should increase to conform to international standards to allow Korean dermatologists to provide better care to their patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acne Vulgaris , Dermatology , Psoriasis , Quality of Life , Skin DiseasesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Few analyses of the original articles targeting the elderly submitted by Korean medical doctors have been published. METHODS: We reviewed the articles on the elderly which were submitted in 2007 by Korean medical doctors and detected through KoreaMed, KMbase, PubMed. RESULTS: Total 169 articles were detected in foreign journals; case report, articles not targeting elderly, not by medical doctors, published in Korean journal, and review article were excluded. Finally, 10 articles were found to have been submitted in foreign journals by Korean doctors, 2007. In a similar way, 126 articles were found to have been submitted in Korean journals by Korean doctors, 2007. The most common articles were about dementia and/or cognitive function, and function change, endocrine disease, geriatric surgery were followed in order. Neuropsychiatrists were publishing the most articles, and neurosurgeons were the next. CONCLUSION: Out of articles on the elderly published in 2007, case reports were much more common than original articles. Articles on the health promotion and disease prevention, medical ethics, long term care need to be published much more.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Dementia , Endocrine System Diseases , Ethics, Medical , Health Promotion , Korea , Long-Term CareABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Korean Journal of Dermatology and the Annals of Dermatology are representative journals of dermatology in Korea. Evaluation of their content, authors and affiliations are valuable for our understanding of the situation, trends and interests of the Korean dermatologic society. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the original contributions in the major dermatology journals of Korea, and compare these with those of renowned international dermatology journals in terms of original contribution. METHODS: A total of 318 original articles from the last 3 volumes of the Korean Journal of Dermatology (2003, vol. 41 to 2005, vol. 43) were collected and analyzed for their characteristic features, such as categories, authors, and affiliations. We also compared these characteristic features with those of 18 original articles from the last 3 volumes of Annals of Dermatology (2003, vol. 15 to 2005, vol. 17), an English dermatologic journal in Korea. RESULTS: Thirty-two percent of original articles fell into the category of drug evaluation and clinical research, followed by laboratory and experimental research. Most articles had three to six co-authors (78%), and one (55.3%) or two (31.1%) affiliations. The number of articles by a specific corresponding author ranged from one to eight, and the majority of articles by a specific corresponding author were one (43.6%) during 3 years. These situations were similar with those of the Annals of Dermatology. The evaluation of the Korean Journal of Dermatology about charateristics of original articles showed a small number of original articles by a corresponding author and cooperative researches with other afilliations. The main subjects of articles were centralized to 3 major categories in the Korean Journal of Dermatology, whereas the other famous international journals showed a relatively uniform distribution. CONCLUSION: The participation of non-dermatologists was fewer in the Korean journals than the other famous international journals. The Korean dermatologic society should make an effort to involve the specialists of other fields in submitting excellent original articles to the Korean Journal of Dermatology. And for the academic position of the Korean dermatologic society, we should make an effort to register one of our journals to the SCI (science citation index). The Korean Journal of Dermatology should deal with more varied articles from new categories for a more uniform distribution of themes. It should also make more effort to improve the Korean Journal of Dermatology.
Subject(s)
Dermatology , Drug Evaluation , Korea , SpecializationABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the delay in the publication of medical postgraduates' research papers and provide them with a guidance for the management of academic articles.Methods:A total of 293 articles were chosen from the Journal of Medical Postgraduates published from 2005 to 2006,of which,229 were original articles and 45 were reviews,including 184 funded and 109 non-funded research papers,and their delay in publication in different periods was statistically analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results:The total delay in the publication of the articles was(234.7 ? 116.9) d,including(57.0?36.8) d in manuscript examination,(109.4 ? 96.4) d in editing and(61.8 ? 52.4) d in suspension.The original articles were less delayed than the reviews,(224.2 ? 7.4) d vs(272.8 ? 19.3) d,P
ABSTRACT
To raise the quality of research, medical articles which are feasible and objective must be continuously published and be continuously monitored. All articles published in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine from November, 1990 to November, 1995 were compared with a foreign emergency medical journal, the American Journal of Emergency Medicine(AJE). Classifying the articles in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine, there were 15 (8.4%) review articles, 145 (81.0%) original articles and 19 (10.6%) case reports. In the AJE, there were 103 (15.1%) review articles, 304 (44.4%) original articles and 277 (40.5%) case reports. Classifying the original articles in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine, there were 13 (9.0%) experimental articles, 88 (60.7%) descriptive articles and 44 (30.3%) analytic articles. In the AJE, there were 40 (13.2%) experimental articles, 59 (19.4%) descriptive articles and 205 (67.4%) analytic articles. The classification of original articles according to frequency in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine is trauma, resuscitation, toxicology and medical emergency, where as the AJE is medical emergency, trauma, toxicology and EMS. For statistical methods used in original articles, 90 (62.1%) case did not do any statistical analysis or where only descriptive statistics were used. In 6 (4.1%) cases the statistical level was described but statistical methods were nonmentioned. By simple classification study, there were 44 (30.3%) cases of original articles in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine, and 6 (2.0%) cases in the AJE. Because the development of Emergency Medicine as a special department is based on logical articles, organization of articles have study design, make hypothesis, sample gathering, statistical analysis and feasibility of conclusion. For this, the emergency training course needs a course on research methodology.
Subject(s)
Classification , Emergencies , Emergency Medicine , Logic , Research Design , Resuscitation , ToxicologyABSTRACT
20 guinea pigs were equally divided into two groups. Periodontitis was formed with silk thread suture and high sugar diet in one group; the other group was used as the control. The prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) in gingiva and in alveolar bone was measured with radioimmunoassay(RIA). PGE 2 level in gingiva in both groups was higher than that in alveolar bone. In the control group PGE 2 in gingiva (394.87?118.27) was 2.1 fold as much as that in alveolar bone(182.91?33.29)( P