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Objective:To investigate the effects of bracket-free invisible orthodontic technique versus traditional fixed orthodontic technique on the levels of inflammatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid of orthodontic adolescents. Methods:A total of 67 orthodontic patients who received their first orthodontic treatment in Huzhou Central Hospital from June to September 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group ( n = 34) and a control group ( n = 33). The control group was treated with traditional fixed orthodontic treatment. The observation group was treated with invisible orthodontic treatment without brackets. At 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, the level of inflammatory factors and periodontal index were compared. Results:At 0 and 1 month of treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the gingival crevicular fluid between the observation and control groups (all P > 0.05). At 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (IL-1β: t2 months = 5.56, P = 0.042; t4 months = 8.14, P = 0.019; t6 months = 9.87, P = 0.002. IL-6: t2 months = 7.15, P = 0.029; t4 months = 7.94, P = 0.021; t6 months = 9.16, P = 0.007. TNF-α: t2 months = 6.87, P = 0.039; t4 months = 7.65, P = 0.026: t6 months = 9.89, P = 0.001). In each group, gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI) increased significantly after treatment. At 0 and 1 month of treatment, there were no significant differences in GI, SBI, PD, and PLI between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, GI, SBI, PD, and PLI in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (GI: t2 months = 3.62, P = 0.073; t4 months = 8.16, P = 0.018; t6 months = 8.54, P = 0.016. SBI: t2 months = 5.65, P = 0.042; t4 months = 7.56, P = 0.027; t6 months = 8.15, P = 0.019. PD: t2 months = 5.652, P = 0.042; t4 months = 7.56, P = 0.027, t6 months = 8.15, P = 0.019. PLI: t2 months = 9.57, P = 0.006; t4 months = 9.98, P = 0.002. t6 months = 9.94, P = 0.010). In addition, at 1 month of treatment, PLI in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 9.99, P = 0.001). Conclusion:Bracket-free invisible orthodontic treatment provides better protection on periodontal tissue and has less impact on periodontal health than traditional fixed orthodontic treatment.
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Com intuito de pontuar os paralelos entre as técnicas ortodônticas com aparelhagem fixa e alinhadores transparentes, este estudo propôs revisar a literatura científica sobre alinhadores ortodônticos removíveis versus aparelhos ortodônticos fixos. Foram selecionados artigos de 2005 a 2021, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials e Opengrey. Os artigos abordavam temáticas como sensação dolorosa, saúde periodontal, higiene, microbiota, reabsorção radicular, qualidade de vida e efetividade do tratamento. Os alinhadores apresentaram maior aceitabilidade pelos pacientes e vantagens claras em relação à dor, higiene, qualidade de vida, reabsorção radicular e saúde periodontal, sendo inferior aos aparelhos ortodônticos fixos na efetividade do tratamento e na interferência na fala.
In order to point out the parallels between orthodontic techniques with fixed appliances and transparent aligners, this study proposed to review the scientific literature on removable orthodontic aligners versus fixed orthodontic appliances. Articles from 2005 to 2021 were selected, using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials and OpenGrey databases. The articles addressed issues such as pain, periodontal health, hygiene, microbiota, root resorption, quality of life and treatment effectiveness. Aligners showed greater acceptability by patients and clear advantages in relation to pain, hygiene, quality of life, root resorption and periodontal health, being inferior to fixed orthodontic appliances in terms of effectiveness and speech capacity.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Anterior crossbite (AC) is defined as a reverse sagittal relationship between maxillary and mandibular incisors. According to an evidence-based orthodontic triage, the treatment need of AC is indicated if any occlusal interference is forcing the mandible towards a Class III growth pattern. Removable and fixed appliances have been suggested to correct AC. Objective: The present report aims at presenting the benefits of an alternative therapy for the early treatment of anterior crossbite using clear aligners. Methods: Two cases of anterior crossbite corrected using clear aligners in 8-years-old children are presented. Results: In both cases, AC was successfully corrected within 5 months. At the end of the treatment, overjet and overbite were corrected. No major discomfort or speech impairment was noticed by the parents. Conclusions: Due to the perceived shortcomings of alternative approaches, the use of clear aligners for correcting AC in mixed dentition should be considered as a comfortable and well tolerated appliance for young patients.
RESUMO Introdução: A mordida cruzada anterior (MCA) é definida como uma relação sagital reversa entre os incisivos superiores e inferiores. De acordo com a evidência científica, o tratamento da MCA é indicado em casos em que a interferência oclusal favorece o crescimento mandibular em direção a um padrão de Classe III. A literatura descreve diversos aparelhos removíveis e fixos para a correção dessa má oclusão. Objetivo: A presente série de casos tem como objetivo apresentar os benefícios de uma terapia alternativa para o tratamento precoce da MCA por meio do uso de alinhadores transparentes. Métodos: Apresentação de dois casos de MCA tratados com alinhadores transparentes em crianças de 8 anos de idade. Resultados: Em ambos os casos, a MCA foi corrigida com sucesso em um período de 5 meses. Ao fim do tratamento, obteve-se sobressaliência e sobremordida ideais. Segundo o relato dos pais, nenhum grande desconforto ou comprometimento na fala foi observado. Conclusões: Tendo em vista os problemas associados a algumas abordagens alternativas, o uso de alinhadores transparentes para correção da MCA durante a dentição mista pode ser considerado confortável e bem tolerado por pacientes jovens.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable , Overbite , Malocclusion/therapy , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Dentition, MixedABSTRACT
Clear aligner, as a transparent and removable appliance, offers an alternative to conventional fixed appliance to patients with high demands for esthetics and comfort. Meanwhile, the rapid development of materials and techniques has made clear aligner more widely used in orthodontics. However, there are still several concerns and risks in clinical practice of clear aligners, which may result in unfavorable outcomes. Herein, we have discussed the clinical risks of clear aligner therapy, and provided some targeted strategies, in order to promote the clinical application of clear aligners.
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Objective@#To evaluate the efficiency of clear aligners in treating bimaxillary protrusion patients with first premolar extractions.@*Methods@#Eleven patients with bimaxillary protrusion were selected in this study. All of them were treated by using clear aligners with four first premolar extractions and need maximal anchorage. Cephalometric analysis was carried out before and after treatment.@*Results@#Cephalometric analysis results showed that significant changes in teeth and profile could be detected after clear aligner treatment and no change could be found in skeletal pattern. Upper and lower anterior teeth were retracted. The control of anterior torque and posterior anchorage were effective. The soft tissue analysis showed that position of upper and lower lip was significantly changed which improve the profile of patients. After treatment, the distance of U1 to NA and L1 to NB reduced by (5.19±4.12) mm and (4.53±1.20) mm, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Bimaxillary protrusion patients who needed premolar extractions and maximal anchorage could be treated with clear aligners.
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Objective@#To evaluate the efficiency of maxillary expansion with clear aligners and to analyze the possible influence factors.@*Methods@#Thiry-one clear aligner cases (Invisalign) with maxillary expansion were enrolled in this study. The three-dimensional (3D) digital models of pre-treatment, planned in Clincheck software and post-treatment were collected. Upper dental arch width, buccal inclination of posterior teeth, and the expansion efficiency (expansion acquired/expansion planned) were measured and calculated. The impact of factors such as planned buccal inclination, planned expansion amount, attachment, and the mode of expansion on the expansion efficiency were analyzed.@*Results@#The increases of upper arch width in canine, 1st and 2nd premolar, 1st and 2nd molar were (2.0±1.3), (2.8±1.5), (3.0±1.4), (1.8±1.0) and 0.5 (0.1, 1.1) mm, with their efficiency of 68%, 70%, 68%, 55% and 29%, respectively. The posterior teeth showed significantly more buccal inclination than the planned position (P<0.05). However, the most buccally inclined tooth detected in 1st molars was only 3.1°±3.9°. When the planned inter-molar width increase was less than 2 mm (n=15), the expansion efficiency of premolars was higher compared with those cases with the planned inter-molar width increase more than 2 mm (n=16, P<0.05). The planned buccal inclination, attachments, and the expansion mode had no significant effect on the expansion efficiency (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The expansion of maxillary arch with clear aligners was achieved by the buccal movement of the posterior teeth with limited buccal inclination. The efficiency of expansion declines from 1st premolars to second molars. The planned inter-molar width had a significant influence on the efficiency of premolar expansion.
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As biomaterial and biomechanics have been growing and developing rapidly, the indication of clear aligner treatment has been broadened from simple crowding or spacing to moderate malocclusion including either extraction or non-extraction cases. Considering the advantage of its prospective three-dimensional digital planning as well as the disadvantage of limited capability of three-dimensional tooth movement control, orthodontists have to be fully aware of the characteristics and weakness of this appliance so as to choose proper indications and achieve good treatment results. Meanwhile, orthodontists also have to play an important role in modifying the three-dimensional digital plan with pouring in their clinical experience on treating cases and estimating different tooth movement efficiency in various kinds of malocclusions.
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Clear aligner treatment achieves patients' precise tooth movements through utilizing patients' digital dental models and tooth movement planning by orthodontists. Originated from the rudimentary form in 1940's, clear aligner has undergone many innovations and developments. A strict selection of extraction patients for clear aligner treatments is a prerequisite of good treatment outcomes. Orthodontists should first master the unique features of aligner biomechanics and mechanisms. For extraction patients treated with clear aligners, orthodontists should focus on anchorage control, torque control and vertical control, and strictly monitoring treatment progressions, as to achieve satisfactory treatment outcomes. With the development of dental materials and techniques, we believe that clear aligner treatment will be a mainstay of future orthodontic treatments.
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A síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono é a categoria mais comum de distúrbios do sono, com alta taxa de mortalidade e morbidade, apresentando um cortejo sintomático que vai desde o ronco, presente na maioria dos casos, até a hipersonolência diurna, com repercussões comportamentais, cardiovasculares e neurológicas progressivas. Esse trabalho reflete sobre as conseqüências das últimas revisões sistemáticas acerca do estágio atual da terapia com aparelhos orais para distúrbios respiratórios do sono: seus limites e possibilidades, sua evolução histórica, científica e tecnológica, e os protocolos mais contemporâneos para lidar com a doença e sua sintomatologia. Como a ocorrência da síndrome está relacionada ao bloqueio total ou parcial das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono, os aparelhos odontológicos para uso noturno que fazem avanço mandibular podem oferecer melhora significativa dessa condição, com efeitos colaterais contornáveis, podendo compor o quadro de opções terapêuticas disponíveis em Medicina do Sono, desde que indicações coerentes, execução clínica especializada e testes de resolução sejam realizadas e novas perspectivas de atuação almejados.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is the most common category of sleep-disordered breathing, with a high rate of mortality and morbidity, and a symptomatic trail that encompasses snoring which is present in about 95% of the cases, daytime excessive somnolence, with progressive behavioral, cardiovascular and neurological effects. This work reflects on the consequences of the last systematic revisions concerning the current stage of the intraoral appliances therapy, its limitations and indications, its historical, scientific and technological development, as well as the contemporary protocols to deal with the disease and its symptoms. As the occurrence of this syndrome is linked to the completed or partial blockage of the upper airways during sleep, the night use intraoral appliance that makes mandibular advancement can offer significant improvement of this condition, with controllable adverse effects, becoming an alternative amongst the treatments available within the Sleep Medicine, as long as it is provided with consistent treatment, specialized implementation and efficient clinical tests of the results and new perspective of performance longed for.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mandibular Advancement , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , SnoringABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a topografia de superfície da resina acrílica autopolimerizável submetida a diferentes protocolos de manipulação. Métodos: Sessenta corpos de prova foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=15), de acordo com o protocolo de manipulação: G1 - adição na presença de pressão; G2 - adição na ausência de pressão; G3 - massa na presença de pressão e G4 - massa na ausência de pressão. Após a polimerização da resina, todos os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao acabamento com lixas d'agua e polimento mecânico. A análise da topografia de superfície foi realizada utilizando um rugosímetro e cada corpo de prova foi mensurado duas vezes. Resultados: Os resultados foram tratados estatisticamente e as médias foram: G1 - 0,130µm; G2 - 0,120µm, G3 - 0,218µm e G4 - 0,192µm. A aplicação de ANOVA a um critério e Tukey indicaram diferença significante entre G1 e G3; G2 e G3 e G2 e G4. Conclusão: O método de manipulação parece influenciar as características físicas da resina acrílica autopolimerizável, além disso, o método de manipulação por adição diminuiu a rugosidade superficial.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of acrylic resin according to the manipulation method. Methods: Sixty specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=15) according to the manipulation method: G1 - addition with pressure, G2 - addition without pressure, G3 - mass with pressure and G4 - mass without pressure. After resin polymerization, all specimens were submitted to finishing with abrasive paper and mechanical polishing. Topographical surface analysis surfaces was performed twice on each sample using the rugosimeter.Results: The results were statistically analyzed and means were: G1 - 0,130µm; G2 - 0,120µm, G3 - 0,218µm e G4 - 0,192µm. ANOVA for one criterion and the Tukey test showed significant difference between G1 and G3, G2 and G3, G2 and G4. Conclusion: The manipulation method seems to affect the physical characteristics of auto polymerized acrylic resin. The addition manipulation method decreased the surface roughness.