Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang data and VIP， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and cohort studies about aspirin （trial group） versus other anticoagulants （control group） were collected during the inception and June 1st， 2023. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， the meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included， involving 9 RCTs and 13 cohort studies. RCT results showed that the incidences of deep vein thrombosis （DVT） [RR＝1.81， 95%CI（1.36， 2.40）， P＜0.000 1] and postoperative pulmonary embolism （PE） [RR＝1.55， 95%CI（1.01， 2.40）， P＝0.05] in trial group were significantly higher than control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of postoperative massive bleeding， postoperative surgical site infection， all-cause death， or any bleeding after surgery between 2 groups. In the cohort study， the incidence of any bleeding in trial group was significantly lower than control group [RR＝0.71，95%CI （0.64， 0.79）， P＜0.000 1]， while the differences in other indicators were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. The results of subgroup analysis based on different anticoagulants showed that in RCT， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery in patients using low-molecular-weight heparin （LMWH） were significantly lower than using aspirin （P＜0.05）； in the cohort study， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery were significantly lower in patients using direct oral anticoagulants （DOAC） than using aspirin （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding between patients using aspirin and using DOAC and LWMH （P＞0.05） in both RCT and cohort study. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin is equally safe as other anticoagulants for the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery， but its efficacy may not be as good as other anticoagulants. After orthopedic surgery， other anticoagulants should be preferred to prevent venous thromboembolism， and aspirin should be carefully considered.

The characteristics and influencing factors of medicine cost for orthopedic surgery patients in hospitals of Shanxi province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of medicine cost for orthopedic surgery patients in Shanxi province， and to provide reference for the rational management of medicine cost in orthopedic surgery patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the case information of 584 204 orthopedic surgery patients in Shanxi province from 2016 to 2021. Medicine cost was analyzed by year， region， hospital level， type of surgery and type of surgical incision. Single factor analysis and generalized linear regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of total medicine cost， and structural equation model was used for verification. RESULTS The research findings indicated that joint replacement surgery （42.61%） and post-fracture external fixation surgery （12.60%） were the most common types of procedures. There was statistical significance in medicine cost for different surgical types among different regions and hospital levels （P＜0.05）. In the Jinzhong region， the total medicine cost for post-fracture external fixation surgery was the highest （[ 11 719.97±4 374.73） yuan]， while in tertiary grade A hospitals， the total medicine cost for post-fracture external fixation surgery was also the highest （[ 13 584.71±4 531.82） yuan]. Among class Ⅰ incision surgeries， the cost of antibiotics for post-fracture external fixation surgery was the highest （[ 1 176.25±341.42） yuan]. Generalized linear regression model revealed that hospital location， hospital level， gender， payment method， length of hospital stays， and surgical type were the independent influencing factors for total medicine cost （P＜0.05）. Structural equation model further disclosed that hospital level， payment type， and surgical type had significant effects on total medicine cost （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Attention should be paid to the high cost of antibiotics for class Ⅰ incision surgery， and further research on their rational use should be conducted.

Application of 3D Printing Technology in the Treatment of Hoffa's Fracture Nonunion / Aplicação da tecnologia de impressão 3D no tratamento da pseudartrose da fratura de Hoffa

Abstract Objective To evaluate a proposed three-dimensional (3D) printing process of a biomodel developed with the aid of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology based on computed tomography (CT) scans of an individual with nonunion of a coronal femoral condyle fracture (Hoffa's fracture). Materials and Methods Thus, we used CT scans, which enable the evaluation of the 3D volumetric reconstruction of the anatomical model, as well as of the architecture and bone geometry of sites with complex anatomy, such as the joints. In addition, it enables the development of the virtual surgical planning (VSP) in a computer-aided design (CAD) software. This technology makes it possible to print full-scale anatomical models that can be used in surgical simulations for training and in the choice of the best placement of the implant according to the VSP. In the radiographic evaluation of the osteosynthesis of the Hoffa's fracture nonunion, we assessed the position of the implant in the 3D-printed anatomical model and in the patient's knee. Results The 3D-printed anatomical model showed geometric and morphological characteristics similar to those of the actual bone. The position of the implants in relation to the nonunion line and anatomical landmarks showed great accuracy in the comparison of the patient's knee with the 3D-printed anatomical model. Conclusion The use of the virtual anatomical model and the 3D-printed anatomical model with the additive manufacturing (AM) technology proved to be effective and useful in planning and performing the surgical treatment of Hoffa's fracture nonunion. Thus, it showed great accuracy in the reproducibility of the virtual surgical planning and the 3D-printed anatomical model.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar uma proposta de processo de impressão tridimensional (3D) de um biomodelo preparado com o auxílio da tecnologia de modelagem por deposição de material fundido (fused deposition modeling, FDM, em inglês) a partir de imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de um indivíduo com pseudartrose de fratura coronal do côndilo femoral (fratura de Hoffa). Materiais e Métodos Para tanto, utilizamos imagens de TC, que permitem estudar a reconstrução volumétrica 3D do modelo anatômico, além da arquitetura e geometria óssea de sítios de anatomia complexa, como as articulações. Também permite o planejamento cirúrgico virtual (PCV) em um programa de desenho assistido por computador (computer-aided design, CAD, em inglês). Essa tecnologia possibilita a impressão de modelos anatômicos em escala real que podem ser utilizados em simulações cirúrgicas para o treinamento e a escolha do melhor posicionamento do implante de acordo com o PCV. Na avaliação radiográfica da osteossíntese da pseudartrose de Hoffa, verificou-se a posição do implante no modelo anatômico impresso em 3D e no joelho do paciente. Resultados O modelo anatômico impresso em 3D apresentou características geométricas e morfológicas semelhantes às do osso real. O posicionamento dos implantes em relação à linha de pseudartrose e pontos anatômicos foram bastante precisos na comparação do joelho do paciente com o modelo anatômico impresso em 3D. Conclusão A utilização do modelo anatômico virtual e do modelo anatômico impresso em 3D com a tecnologia de manufatura aditiva (MA) foi eficaz e auxiliou o planejamento e a realização do tratamento cirúrgico da pseudartrose da fratura de Hoffa. Desta forma, foi bastante preciso na reprodutibilidade do planejamento cirúrgico tanto virtual quanto no modelo anatômico impresso em 3D.

Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery.Methods:Sixty-eight pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 3-15 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ, undergoing elective lower extremity orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=34 each) by the random number table method: TEAS group (group T) and control group (group C). In group T, the bilateral Hegu and Neiguan acupoints were stimulated starting from 10 min before induction of anesthesia until the end of procedure, with the frequency of disperse-dense wave of 2/10 Hz, and the current intensity was gradually adjusted to the maximum intensity (10-15 mA) that children could tolerate. In group C, the electrodes were applied to the same acupoints, but electrical stimulation was not applied. The severity of pain was assessed by the Faces Pain Scale-Revised scale immediately after returning to the ward and at 2, 24 and 48 h after operation. The emergence agitation was evaluated using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. The intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil and time to extubation after stopping administration were recorded. The time to first pressing of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), effective pressing times of PCA on 1st and 2nd days after surgery and postoperative adverse reactions such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus, drowsiness, and respiratory depression were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised scale scores were significantly decreased immediately after returning to the ward and at 2, 24 and 48 h after operation, the incidence of emergence agitation and intraoperative consumption of remifentanil were decreased, the time to extubation was shortened, the time to first pressing of PCA was prolonged, and the effective pressing times of PCA on 1st and 2nd days after surgery were decreased ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative consumption of propofol and incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TEAS can effectively enhance the effect of postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery.

Meta analysis of the application of ERAS concept in orthopedic surgery / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value and effectiveness of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) theory in orthopedic surgery, and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing rehabilitation plans during the perioperative period of orthopedic surgery.Methods:Relevant literature on the application of accelerated rehabilitation in orthopedic perioperative period officially published in Pubmed and the Chinese Medical Journal Database From January 2000 to October 2022 was searched and included in randomized controlled and clinical case studies. The patients were divided into the experimental group (ERAS group) and the control group (conventional treatment group). The patients in the experimental group were treated with ERAS mode after surgery, while the patients in the control group were treated with conventional rehabilitation mode after surgery. The hospital stay, postoperative complications, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative incidence rate of deep vein thrombosis in the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:Finally, a total of 1 301 patients were included in 9 articles, divided into an experimental group (ERAS group, n=643) and a control group (conventional treatment group, n=652). There was a statistically significant difference in hospital stay between the experimental group and the control group ( MD=-4.11, 95% CI: -6.73 to -1.49, P=0.002); The overall effect tendency of the incidence of complications between the experimental group and the control group was statistically significant ( P=0.005); Compared with the control group, the incidence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the experimental group was lower ( P=0.04); The incidence rate of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group ( P=0.02). Conclusions:The application of accelerated rehabilitation concept in orthopedic surgery patients can reduce the length of hospital stay, and reduce the incidence rate of postoperative complications, nausea and vomiting, and deep vein thrombosis.

Perioperative blood management strategies for elderly orthopedic patients / 中国输血杂志

With the arrival of an aging society, the number of orthopedic geriatric patient who require surgical treatment is also rapidly increasing. Elderly patients have decreased hematopoietic function, and perioperative blood management is difficult and challenging. This article aims to elaborate on the perioperative blood management strategies for orthopedic geriatric patients, including the diagnosis and treatment of preoperative anemia, specific measures to reduce perioperative blood loss, and blood transfusion strategies.

Effect of prophylactic anticoagulation duration on venous thrombosis after total hip/knee arthroplasty / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: By assessing the impact of prolonged prophylactic anticoagulation on venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip/ knee arthroplasty, we dared to hope to further clarify whetherprolonged prophylactic anticoagulation duration can benefit patients undergoing total hip/ knee arthroplasty. METHODS: The incidence of venous thromboembolism and bleeding events within 90 days of total hip/knee arthroplasty in patients who underwent total hip/knee arthroplasty in the department of orthopaedic surgery was retrospectively analyzed from January 2019 to April 2022. The Kaplan-Meier method survival curve was used to determine whether there is a relationship between the duration of prophylactic anticoagulation and the incidence of postoperative bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients undergoing primary total hip/knee surgery from January 2019 to April 2022, were enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 38 cases in the short-term prophylactic anticoagulation group and 77 cases in the extended prophylactic anticoagulation group. There were 23 cases (20%) of venous thromboembolism within 90 days after surgery, of which 12 cases (31.58%) were in the short-term anticoagulation group and 11 cases (14.29%) were in the extended anticoagulation group, and there was a statistical difference in the incidence of venous thromboembolism within 90 days after surgery between the two groups in terms of the duration of anticoagulation prevention. CONCLUSION: The results show a significant correlation between the duration of prophylactic anticoagulation and the incidence of venous thromboembolism within 90 days after total hip/knee arthroplasty, which suggests that prophylactic anticoagulation for 15-35 days after undergoing total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty reduces the incidence of postoperative VTE, and there is no significant difference in bleeding risk depending on the duration of anticoagulant prophylaxis.

Influencing factors and interventions of defecation disorders after orthopedic surgery: a review / 预防医学

Abstract@#Defecation disorder is one of the most common complications after orthopedic surgery, which seriously affects patients' quality of life. Based on review of national and international publications pertaining to influencing factors and interventions of postoperative defecation disorders, this review analyzes the associations of orthopedic surgery-related factors with postoperative defecation disorders, and summarizes the common interventions for postoperative defecation disorders, including medication, physical therapy and daily life management, so as to provide insights into prevention and treatment of defecation disorders after orthopedic surgery.

Research on the Application of Electromagnetic Navigation Technology in Surgical Robots / 中国医疗器械杂志

Due to the need to achieve precise operations during surgery, in order to prevent hand tremors and poor surgical field of view, more and more surgical robots are used in surgical operations combined with navigation technology to meet the requirements for surgical accuracy. Open surgery such as orthopaedics, joint replacement and neurosurgery on the market generally use optical navigation systems to guide robots to achieve precise positioning, but optical navigation systems cannot be used for operations in areas with small surgical space. Therefore, a robotic surgical system based on electromagnetic navigation technology that can be applied to the craniofacial area was proposed. By using this robot, the problems of difficult operation and low precision caused by the narrow craniofacial space can be solved. Key techniques and considerations are studied. The function of the developed prototype is verified through model tests. The test results show that the surgical robot under the electromagnetic navigation technology can achieve precise surgical operations improve the success rate of the doctor's surgery and reduce postoperative complications.

Prospective controlled study of spinal surgery versus physical capacity / Estudo prospectivo controlado da cirurgia vertebral versus capacidade física

ABSTRACT Objectives: Assess whether the spine surgical approach for degenerative diseases can influence the physical capacity of patients and its correlation with cardiorespiratory function. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 9 patients of both genders, aged between eighteen and sixty, scheduled for spinal surgery for degenerative disease in the lumbar segment. Patients underwent treadmill stress test two times, fifteen days before and sixty days after the surgery. A cardiologist performed the test according to the Bruce protocol with a progressive increase in incline and speed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between pre- and postoperative assessments for the parameters evaluated in the treadmill stress test. Forty-four percent of patients needed to interrupt the test postoperatively due to dyspnea (p=0.023). Conclusion: The improvement obtained with spinal surgery does not have statistically significant relevance in tiredness, pain, and fatigue in the lower limbs and low back pain. Some patients could not complete the examination after surgery due to poor physical conditioning, and it was necessary to interrupt the examination due to dyspnea. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality RCT (eg, < 80% followup, no blinding, or improper randomization).

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se a abordagem cirúrgica da coluna vertebral para doenças degenerativas pode influenciar a capacidade física dos pacientes e sua correlação com a função cardiorrespiratória. Métodos: Um estudo prospectivo foi realizado em 9 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, programados para cirurgia de coluna vertebral para doenças degenerativas no segmento lombar. Os pacientes foram submetidos a teste de esforço em esteira duas vezes, quinze dias antes do procedimento cirúrgico e sessenta dias após a cirurgia. O teste foi realizado por um cardiologista de acordo com o protocolo Bruce com aumento progressivo de inclinação e velocidade. Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as avaliações pré e pós-operatórias para os parâmetros avaliados no teste de esforço em esteira. Quarenta e quatro por cento dos pacientes precisaram interromper o teste no pós-operatório devido à dispnéia (p=0,023). Conclusão: A melhora obtida com a cirurgia da coluna vertebral não apresenta impactos estatísticos no cansaço, dor e fadiga relativos aos membros inferiores e dores lombares baixas. Alguns pacientes não puderam completar o exame após a cirurgia devido ao mau condicionamento físico, exigindo a interrupção do exame devido à dispnéia. Nível de Evidência II; ECRC de menor qualidade (por exemplo, < 80% de acompanhamento, sem mascaramento do código de randomização ou randomização inadequada).

Assessment of the level of satisfaction of patients submitted to latarjet surgery under outfit system compared to hospital system / Avaliação do grau de satisfação do paciente submetido à cirurgia de latarjet em regime ambulatorial em comparação com o regime hospitalar

ABSTRACT Anterior shoulder instability causes functional changes that affect patients' quality of life. The Latarjet procedure is one of the most frequently performed surgeries for cases of recurrent shoulder instability. Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of patients who underwent the Latarjet procedure in outpatient settings (day hospital) compared with inpatient settings. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to both groups and a descriptive analysis of the results was performed. Results: 51 patients were included, with a mean age of 29.9 years, 82.3% men and 17.6% women. Of the patients who underwent surgery in the day hospital, 46.1% were operated within 100 days of their first outpatient visit; among those in the inpatient group, 76.3% underwent surgery more than 200 days later. Delays occurred in 15.3% of cases in the day hospital compared with 68.4% in the inpatient group. Of the patients in the day hospital, 92.3% felt comfortable contacting the medical team in case of complications and would perform the procedure again in the same setting. Moreover, 63.2% of inpatients would have preferred to have been discharged on the same day. The final satisfaction rate for both groups was 100%. Conclusion: Outpatient surgery guarantees more patient comfort, safety, and can be performed in a timely manner and with fewer delays, which has influenced patients' decision to have surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Level of Evidence V, Cross-sectional Study.

RESUMO A instabilidade anterior do ombro acarreta alterações funcionais que impactam a qualidade de vida do paciente. A cirurgia de Latarjet é um dos procedimentos mais executados para casos de instabilidade recorrente de ombro. Objetivo: Comparar o grau de satisfação dos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de Latarjet no regime ambulatorial (hospital dia) com o dos operados no regime hospitalar. Métodos: Um questionário foi aplicado em ambos os grupos e uma análise descritiva dos resultados foi realizada. Resultados: Foram incluídos 51 pacientes, com idade média de 29,9 anos, sendo 82,3% homens e 17,6% mulheres. Dos submetidos à cirurgia no hospital dia, 46,1% operaram em até 100 dias depois do primeiro atendimento ambulatorial; já entre os do grupo hospitalar, 76,3% operaram mais de 200 dias depois. O atraso na cirurgia ocorreu com 15,3% dos pacientes do hospital dia contra 68,4% do grupo hospitalar. Do hospital dia, 92,3% pacientes sentiram-se confortáveis em contatar a equipe médica em caso de intercorrências e fariam novamente o procedimento de forma ambulatorial. Além disso, 63,2% dos internados gostariam de ter recebido alta no mesmo dia. O grau de satisfação final em ambos os grupos foi de 100%. Conclusão: A cirurgia ambulatorial garante mais conforto para o paciente, mostrando-se segura e podendo ser performada em tempo hábil e com menos atrasos, o que influenciou a decisão dos pacientes em operar durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Nível de Evidência V, Estudo Transversal.

Impact of covid-19 on spine surgeries in a high complexity emergency hospital / Impacto do covid-19 nas cirurgias de coluna em um hospital de urgências de alta complexidade / Impacto del covid-19 en las cirugías de columna en un hospital de urgencias de alta complejidad

ABSTRACT: Objective: To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spine surgeries at a Reference Center for High Complexity Urgencies in Goiás. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was carried out based on data from medical records of patients undergoing spine surgery between September 2017 and September 2021. Volunteers were divided into two groups: before and during the pandemic, considering April 2020 as a starting point. The following was extracted from the medical records: age, gender, education, etiology, neurological deficit, region of the spine addressed, mechanism of trauma, fractured vertebrae, type of fracture, length of stay in the ICU, COVID test (PCR), and deaths. Student t, chi-square, and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used to compare the preand post-pandemic profiles. In addition, Spearman's correlation test was applied to verify the correlation between variables, considering p<0.05. Results: 388 medical records were analyzed, showing a 15% increase in spine surgeries during the pandemic. There was a significant difference in the etiology of surgeries (p=0.05), with lumbar trauma being more prevalent in men and also more cases of neurological deficits (p=0.001). There was also a reduction in the length of stay in the ICU (p=0.0001), which was lower during the pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic did not directly impact the number of surgeries performed at a Reference Hospital in High Complexity Urgencies in Goiás, but there was a prioritization of emergency surgeries. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective Study.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estudar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 nas cirurgias de coluna em um Centro de Referência em Urgências de Alta Complexidade em Goiás. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, observacional a partir de dados de prontuários médicos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de coluna entre setembro de 2017 a setembro de 2021. Os voluntários foram divididos em dois grupos: antes da pandemia e durante a pandemia, considerando abril de 2020 como marco de início. Foram extraídos dos prontuários: idade, gênero, escolaridade, etiologia, déficit neurológico, região da coluna abordada, mecanismo de trauma, vértebras fraturadas, tipo de fratura, tempo de internação em UTI, teste de COVID (PCR) e óbitos. Utilizou-se os testes estatísticos T de Student, Qui quadrado e exato de Fisher para realizar a comparação entre o perfil pré e pós-pandemia. Além disso, foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Spearman para verificar a correlação entre as variáveis, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: Foram analisados 388 prontuários, constatando um aumento de 15% nas cirurgias de coluna durante a pandemia. Houve diferença significativa na etiologia das cirurgias (p=0,05), sendo mais prevalentes traumas lombares em homens e também mais casos de déficits neurológicos (p=0,001). Notou-se também uma redução no tempo de internação na UTI (p=0,0001), que foi menor durante a pandemia. Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID-19 não impactou diretamente na quantidade de cirurgias realizadas em um Hospital de Referência em Urgências de Alta Complexidade em Goiás, mas verificou-se uma priorização das cirurgias emergenciais. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo Retrospectivo.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Estudiar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las cirugías de columna en un Centro de Referencia para Urgencias de Alta Complejidad en Goiás. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo a partir de datos de historias clínicas de pacientes operados de la columna entre septiembre de 2017 y septiembre de 2021. Los voluntarios se dividieron en dos grupos: antes de la pandemia y durante la pandemia, considerando abril de 2020 como punto de partida. De las historias clínicas se extrajo: edad, sexo, escolaridad, etiología, déficit neurológico, región de la columna abordada, mecanismo del trauma, vértebras fracturadas, tipo de fractura, tiempo de estancia en la UCI, test COVID (PCR) y fallecidos. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student, chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher para comparar el perfil pre y postpandemia. Además, se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman para verificar la correlación entre las variables, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: se analizaron 388 historias clínicas, mostrando un aumento del 15% en las cirugías de columna durante la pandemia. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la etiología de las cirugías (p=0,05), siendo más frecuente el traumatismo lumbar en los hombres y también más casos de déficit neurológico (p=0,001). También hubo una reducción en la estancia en la UTI (p=0,0001), que fue menor durante la pandemia. Conclusión: La pandemia de COVID-19 no impactó directamente en el número de cirugías realizadas en un Hospital de Referencia en Urgencias de Alta Complejidad en Goiás, pero hubo una priorización de las cirugías de emergencia. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio Retrospectivo.

Clinical use of tranexamic acid: evidences and controversies

Abstract Tranexamic acid (TXA) significantly reduces blood loss in a wide range of surgical procedures and improves survival rates in obstetric and trauma patients with severe bleeding. Although it mainly acts as a fibrinolysis inhibitor, it also has an anti-inflammatory effect, and may help attenuate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome found in some cardiac surgery patients. However, the administration of high doses of TXA has been associated with seizures and other adverse effects that increase the cost of care, and the administration of TXA to reduce perioperative bleeding needs to be standardized. Tranexamic acid is generally well tolerated, and most adverse reactions are considered mild or moderate. Severe events are rare in clinical trials, and literature reviews have shown tranexamic acid to be safe in several different surgical procedures. However, after many years of experience with TXA in various fields, such as orthopedic surgery, clinicians are now querying whether the dosage, route and interval of administration currently used and the methods used to control and analyze the antifibrinolytic mechanism of TXA are really optimal. These issues need to be evaluated and reviewed using the latest evidence to improve the safety and effectiveness of TXA in treating intracranial hemorrhage and bleeding in procedures such as liver transplantation, and cardiac, trauma and obstetric surgery.

Core Architecture and Clinical Application of Orthopedic Robot Based on Human-like Thinking / 中国医疗器械杂志

Intelligent and precision medical treatment is the future development trend of surgical operations. We proposed a core architecture of orthopedic robots with human-like thinking based on the growing demand for orthopedic robots and disadvantages of current robots, it consists of brain, eyes and hands three modules according to functions. The architecture design is extremely in line with the doctor's logic so that the work process of the orthopedic robot is similar to the process of traditional surgery which is mainly done by the doctor's brain-eye-hand coordination. It realizes the digitization of the doctor's thinking, the immediacy and visualization of surgical information and the accuracy of surgical operation process. The clinical application proved that the orthopedic robot has the advantages of higher accuracy, less radiation and shorter operation time, which can be further promoted clinically.

Effect of tranexamic acid on fracture healing in rats / Efeito do ácido tranexâmico na cura de fratura em ratos

ABSTRACT Introduction In this study we investigated the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on fracture healing in an established animal model, when used to stop bleeding in orthopedic trauma surgery. Materials and Methods This study was a randomized, controlled, laboratory study. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups, either receiving TXA intravenously (Group 1), TXA topically (Group 2), or isotonic TXA intravenously and TXA topically in the same amounts for the control group (Group 3). First, a Kirschner wire was inserted retrogradely into the femoral intramedullary canal. Then the femurs were fractured at the midshaft region with blunt guillotine. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrified and the femurs harvested. Cortical bone volume, callus volume, and bone mineral density were calculated using computer tomography scans. Torsion tests were performed. Groups were compared by maximum torque to failure and callus stiffness. Results There were no statistical differences in torque to failure and stiffness between the 3 groups. There were no differences in mean total bone volume, callus volume, percent bone volume, or callus density between the groups. Conclusions A single dose of topical or intravenous TXA has no negative effect on fracture healing when used in traumatic femur fracture surgery in an animal model. Evidence level II; Randomized controlled experimental study.

RESUMO Introdução Neste estudo, investigamos o efeito do ácido tranexâmico (TXA) sobre a consolidação de fraturas em um modelo animal estabelecido, quando é usado para estancar o sangramento em cirurgias de trauma ortopédico. Materiais e Métodos Trata-se de estudo de laboratório randomizado e controlado. Dezoito ratos Sprague-Dawley foram atribuídos randomicamente em três grupos, que receberam TXA por via intravenosa (Grupo 1), TXA tópico (Grupo 2) ou isotônico por via intravenosa e tópico na mesma quantidade como grupo controle (Grupo 3). Primeiro, foi inserido um fio de Kirschner por via retrógrada no canal intramedular femoral. Em seguida, o fêmur dos animais foi fraturado na região média do corpo do fêmur com guilhotina romba. Depois de quatro semanas, os ratos foram sacrificados e os fêmures foram retirados. O volume do osso cortical, o volume do calo e a densidade mineral óssea foram calculados por meio de tomografia computadorizada e foram realizados testes de torção. Os grupos foram comparados de acordo com o torque máximo até a falha e a rigidez do calo. Resultados Não houve diferença estatística no torque até a falha e rigidez entre os três grupos nem diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao volume médio total do osso, volume e densidade do calo e percentual de volume ósseo. Conclusões Uma dose única de TXA tópico ou intravenoso não tem efeito negativo sobre a consolidação da fratura quando usada em cirurgia de fratura traumática de fêmur em modelo animal. Nível de evidência II; Estudo experimental controlado randomizado.

No significant effect of 3d modelling on surgical planning in spinal deformities / Nenhum efeito significativo da modelagem 3d no planejamento cirúrgico em deformidades da coluna vertebral

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of 3d printed models on surgical pre-operative planning of complex spinal deformities. Methods: In our study, five orthopedic surgeons made surgical planning of 5 patients with severe spinal deformity in three conditions: X-ray with computer tomography (X-ray-CT), 3D-computed tomography (3dCT), and 3d printed spine models. Operation plans were examined according to the level and number of instrumentations, osteotomy level, and time required for decision-making. Results: X-ray-CT, 3dCT, and 3d modeling methods were compared, and no statistically significant difference was observed in the number of screws and osteotomy score to be used in operation. The time required for decision ranking is 3d Model, 3d CT, and Xray-CT. Conclusions: 3d printed models do not influence the operative plan significantly; however, it reduces surgical planning time at pre-op duration, and those models gave some opportunities to practice with implants on a patient's 3d spine model. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test .

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de modelos 3D impressos no planejamento pré-operatório cirúrgico de deformidades complexas da coluna vertebral. Métodos: Em nosso estudo, 5 cirurgiões ortopédicos fizeram o planejamento cirúrgico de 5 pacientes com deformidade espinhal grave em três condições: raio-X com tomografia computadorizada (raio X-CT), tomografia computadorizada com reconstrução 3D (3dCT) e modelo de coluna vertebral impressa (modelo 3d). Os planos de operação foram examinados de acordo com o nível e número de instrumentos, nível de osteotomia e tempo necessário para a tomada de decisão. Resultados: Foram comparados os métodos de modelagem de raio X-CT, 3dCT e modelo 3d e nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi observada no número de parafusos e escore de osteotomia a serem utilizados na operação. O ranking do tempo necessário para a tomada de decisão foi de modelo 3d, 3d CT e raio X-CT. Conclusões: Os modelos impressos em 3d não influenciam significativamente o plano operatório, porém reduzem o tempo de planejamento cirúrgico no pré-operatório e esses modelos deram algumas oportunidades de praticar com implantes no modelo de coluna 3d do paciente. Nível de evidência III; Estudos de Diagnóstico - Investigando um Teste de Diagnóstico .

The Role of the Resident Doctor in Orthopedics and Traumatology in a Large Hospital of the Unified Health System: What is the User's view? / A atuação do médico residente em ortopedia e traumatologia em um hospital de grande porte do Sistema Único de Saúde: Qual a visão do usuário?

Abstract Objective To assess the knowledge of patients seen at a teaching hospital about the academic and professional training of the resident doctor in orthopedics and traumatology, as wellas his areaofexpertise, and determinethe perception of thepatients ofcomfort and safety in relation to being assisted by the resident doctor at different stages of treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients admitted to a large ortho pedics hospital of the Brazilian Unified Health System(SUS, in the Portugues e acronym). Datawere collected through the application of a questionnaire containing 19 objective questions that assessed sociodemographic parameters and the perception of the patient of the performance of the resident. The data were analyzed to assess the frequency of responses obtained. Results 152 participantswere evaluated, predominantlymale(62.6%)andaged between 36 and 55 years old (41.3%). Only 43.3% were aware of the academic background of the resident. Patients reportedfeelingsaferandmorecomfortablebeingassistedbythedoctor together with the resident in the outpatient consultation (43.3%), in the nursing ward (39.3%)andduringsurgery(61%).Asfor theperformanceof theresident,80.2%statedthat the resident doctor improves communication between the patient and the main surgeon; however, only 11% said they would feel safe and comfortable being cared for exclusively by residents in the surgical environment, if allowed. Conclusion The participation of resident physicians in the care is well received by the patients if they are in the company of the attending physician. Patients identify residents as a facilitating bridge in the communication with attending physicians.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes atendidos em um hospital-escola acerca da formação acadêmica e profissional do médico residente em ortopedia e traumatologia, bem como sua área de atuação, e determinar a percepção de conforto e segurança do paciente em relação a ser assistido pelo médico residente em diferentes etapas do tratamento. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal com pacientes internados em um hospital de ortopedia de grande porte do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de um questionário contendo 19 questões objetivas que avaliaram parâmetros sociodemográficos e a percepção do paciente quanto à atuação do residente. Os dados foram analisados de forma a avaliar a frequência das respostas obtidas. Resultados Foram avaliados 152 participantes, predominantemente do sexo masculino (62,5%) e com idade entre 36 e 55 anos (41,3%). Apenas 43,3% tinham conhecimento sobre a formação acadêmica do residente. Os pacientes relataram se sentir mais seguros e confortáveis em serem assistidos pelo médico em conjunto com o residente na consulta ambulatorial (43,3%), na enfermaria (39,3%) e durante a cirurgia (61%). Quanto à atuação do residente, 80,2% afirmaram que o médico residente melhora a comunicação entre o paciente e o cirurgião principal, entretanto e apenas 11% disseram se sentir seguros e confortáveis sendo cuidados exclusivamente por residentes no ambiente cirúrgico, caso fosse permitido. Conclusão A participação de médicos residentes nos cuidados é bem recebida pelos pacientes, desde que em companhia do médico assistente. Os pacientes identificam nos residentes uma ponte facilitadora na comunicação com os médicos assistentes.

Ventajas y limitaciones del uso del torniquete en ortopedia y traumatología / Advantages and Limitations of the Use of Tourniquet in Orthopedics and Traumatology

Introducción: El torniquete es ampliamente usado en la cirugía ortopédica y traumatológica con el objetivo de disminuir las pérdidas sanguíneas intraoperatorias y mejorar la visibilidad de las estructuras anatómicas, aunque su empleo es controversial. Objetivo: Describir las aplicaciones prácticas y las limitaciones del torniquete en la cirugía ortopédica y traumatológica. Método: Se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura en bases de datos científicas como Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, OVID y el buscador académico Google Scholar, en el mes de septiembre de 2020. Conclusiones: Aunque el torniquete es ampliamente utilizado durante la cirugía ortopédica y traumatológica, debido a que contribuye a reducir las pérdidas hemáticas intraoperatorias, se ha demostrado su efecto en el aumento de las pérdidas sanguíneas totales, así como su asociación con dolor perioperatorio, pérdida de la fuerza muscular del miembro, lesiones de nervios periféricos, trombosis venosa profunda y daño a órganos a distancia por el fenómeno de isquemia-reperfusión(AU)

Introduction: Although controversial, tourniquets are widely used in orthopedic and trauma surgery with the aim of reducing intraoperative blood losses and improving the visibility of anatomical structures. Objective: To describe the practical applications and limitations of tourniquets in orthopedic and trauma surgery. Method: A non-systematic review of the literature was carried out, in scientific databases such as Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Pubmed / Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, OVID and the academic search engine Google Scholar, in the month of September 2020. Conclusions: Although tourniquets are widely used during orthopedic and trauma surgery, since they contribute to reducing intraoperative blood loss, the effect on increasing total blood loss has been demonstrated, as well as the association with perioperative pain, blood loss, limb muscle strength, peripheral nerve injuries, deep vein thrombosis and damage to distant organs due to the ischemia-reperfusion phenomenon(AU)

Covid-19 y cirugía ortopédica: revisión de la literatura y evidencias / Covid-19 and orthopedic surgery: review of the literature and evidence

Se ha declarado una pandemia ante la propagación de un nuevo virus con alta contagiosidad, llamado síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV2). El mundo ha quedado detenido ante la rápida expansión del virus, con una letalidad que en algunos países llega a 15%. En Chile, el gobierno ha tomado medidas rápidas y agresivas que han permitido mantener la curva de contagios a un nivel que permita atender de manera adecuada a la población. Dentro de estas medidas, se contempla la suspensión de cirugías y consultas ambulatorias. Como cirujanos ortopédicos, nos hemos visto afectados por estas medidas, y existe confusión respecto a cuál es la conducta más adecuada. Quisimos hacer esta guía para resumir parte de las evidencias disponibles y orientar a los cirujanos ortopédicos respecto a esta patología. El comportamiento de esta guía es dinámico, dadas las múltiples opiniones, experiencias y evidencias, que surgen diariamente, por lo que recomendamos mantenerlo como referencia, no como certeza.

A pandemic has been declared due to a new highly contagious virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). The world has come to a halt due to the rapid expansion of a virus whose lethality has reached 15% in some countries. In Chile, the government has taken decisive, aggressive measures in an attempt to control disease spread and provide healthcare to those who need it. These decisions include the suspension of elective surgeries and other ambulatory procedures. As Orthopedic surgeons we have been affected by these measures and there is doubt regarding the best course of action. We prepared this guide to summarize available evidence and orient our colleagues regarding this pathology. This guide is meant to be dynamic, as new opinions, evidence and experiences arise every day. Therefore, we advise the reader to keep it as a reference, not an undisputable truth.

Effect of the beginning time of intermittent pneumatic compression on hemodynamic and deep vein thrombosis of patients with major orthopedic surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of beginning time of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on hemodynamics and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of patients with major orthopedic surgery.Methods:A total of 99 patients who underwent major orthopaedic surgery in the Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, which were assigned to ultra-early group, early group and control group, each group contained 33 cases. The IPC were used 3 days before surgery in the ultra-early group, 1 day before surgery in the early group, and after surgery in control group. The incidence of DVT and deep skin pressure injury within 14 days was observed, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein and plasma D-dimer in the three groups were also compared.Results:There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT among the three groups ( P> 0.05), however, the deep tissue injury rate was 18.18% (6/33) in the ultra-early group, significantly higher than 3.03% (1/33) in the early group and 0 in control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 9.531, P<0.05). After 1 day and 3, 5, 7 days of surgery, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein in the ultra-early group and the early group were (26.48±2.24), (25.79±2.18), (26.67±3.74), (25.88±2.83) ml/s and (25.76±1.87), (25.39±1.98), (25.45±2.93), (25.48±3.75) ml/s, significantly higher than (23.39±1.75), (23.73±2.61), (23.79±2.30), (22.21±4.42) ml/s in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( F values were 7.428-22.350, P<0.01). After 3, 5, 7 days of surgery, the levels of plasma D-dimer in the ultra-early group and the early group were (1.11±0.26), (1.03±0.23), (0.98±0.28) mg/L and (1.18±0.32), (1.12±0.24), (1.05±0.31) mg/L, significantly lower than (1.38±0.40), (1.32±0.39), (1.20±0.26) mg/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( F values were 5.809, 8.442, 4.962, P<0.01). Conclusion:Using IPC one day before operation can significantly increase the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein, reduce the level of plasma D-dimer, and do not increase the incidence of deep skin pressure injury in patients with major orthopedic surgery.