Comparative study of orthopaedic robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery and open surgery for limb osteoid osteoma / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the accuracy and effectiveness of orthopaedic robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery versus open surgery for limb osteoid osteoma.@*METHODS@#A clinical data of 36 patients with limb osteoid osteomas admitted between June 2016 and June 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 16 patients underwent orthopaedic robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (robot-assisted surgery group), and 20 patients underwent tumor resection after lotcated by C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy (open surgery group). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the gender, age, lesion site, tumor nidus diameter, and preoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores ( P>0.05). The operation time, lesion resection time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, lesion resection accuracy, and postoperative analgesic use frequency were recorded and compared between the two groups. The VAS scores for pain severity were compared preoperatively and at 3 days and 3 months postoperatively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the open surgery group, the robot-assisted surgery group had a longer operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, less fluoroscopy frequency, less postoperative analgesic use frequency, and higher lesion resection accuracy ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lesion resection time ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up after surgery, with a follow-up period of 3-24 months (median, 12 months) in the two groups. No postoperative complication such as wound infection or fracture occurred in either group during follow-up. No tumor recurrence was observed during follow-up. The VAS scores significantly improved in both groups at 3 days and 3 months after surgery when compared with preoperative value ( P<0.05). The VAS score at 3 days after surgery was significantly lower in robot-assisted surgery group than that in open surgery group ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in VAS scores at 3 months between the two groups ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with open surgery, robot-assisted resection of limb osteoid osteomas has longer operation time, but the accuracy of lesion resection improve, intraoperative blood loss reduce, and early postoperative pain is lighter. It has the advantages of precision and minimally invasive surgery.

Mini-open excision of osteoid osteoma using burrs with the guidance of O-arm navigation / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical effect of O-arm navigation mini-open burring for osteoid osteoma.Methods:Eighteen patients with osteoid osteoma were treated with O-arm guided grinding drill from June 2021 to May 2022, including 15 males and 3 females, the age was (18.4 ±10.9) years (range 2 to 44 years), and the course of disease ranged from 1 week to 3 years (mean 14.2 months). The lesions sites included 6 cases of proximal femur, 3 cases of distal femur, 4 cases of proximal tibia, 1 case of distal tibia, 2 cases of proximal fibula and 1 case of distal and proximal humerus. During the operation, the O-arm navigation was used to determine the location of the focus, the muscle and soft tissue was peeled off to the bone surface through a 1-4 cm small incision, the channel retractor was placed, and the burr was registered as a navigation recognition device to gradually remove the bone on the surface of the tumor nest, and the tumor nest was scraped with a curette for pathological examination; according to the navigation image, the focus was enlarged removed with burr and the grinding range was confirmed by the O-arm X-ray machine before the end of the operation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 15 months (mean 9.5 months). CT scans were performed before and after surgery for imaging comparison in order to figure out whether it had residual lesions or recurrence. The visual analogue score (VAS) of pain was used as a parameter for evaluating the clinical efficacy.Results:The operation time of 18 cases was 40-175 min, with an average of 89.3 min. The time required to establish navigation image was 18.0 ±4.1 min (range 13 ~ 22 min). The length of the incision was 2.7±1.1 cm (range 1-4 cm). All patients achieved complete curettage of the lesions, and osteoid osteoma was confirmed by pathology after operation. All the patients could move to the ground 24 hours after operation, and the pain was significantly relieved from 3 to 7 d after operation, and the pain almost disappeared 3 months after operation. The VAS score of 18 cases was 5.33±1.24 before surgery, 2.79±1.32 on the 3rd day, 1.86±1.21 on the 7th day, 0.86±0.93 on the 1st month, 0.33±0.48 on the 3rd month, and 0.09±0.29 on the 6th month after operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=58.50, P<0.001). There were no serious complications during and after operation, and the success rate of treatment (no recurrence of symptoms, no residual recurrence of imaging lesions, no serious complications after operation) was 100%. Conclusion:Treatment of osteoid osteoma with mini-open excision using burrs under the navigation of O-arm is a simple, safe, minimally invasive and efficient technique. Intraoperative precise positioning and the use of burr with navigation to remove a larger area than the tumor nest are the keys to successful treatment.

Short-term effectiveness of orthopedic robot-assisted resection for osteoid osteoma / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate short-term effectiveness and clinical application advantages of orthopedic robot-assisted resection for osteoid osteoma compared with traditional open surgery.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 48 osteoid osteoma patients who met the selection criteria between July 2022 and April 2023. Among them, 23 patients underwent orthopedic robot-assisted resection (robot-assisted surgery group), and 25 patients received traditional open surgery (traditional surgery group). There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in gender, age, disease duration, lesion location and size, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score between the two groups. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative lesion localization time, initial localization success rate, infection, and recurrence were recorded and compared. VAS scores before surgery and at 24 hours, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery and MSTS score before surgery and at 3 months after surgery were assessed.@*RESULTS@#All patients completed the surgery successfully, with no significant difference in surgical time between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared to the traditional surgery group, the robot-assisted surgery group had less intraoperative blood loss, shorter lesion localization time, and shorter hospitalization time, with significant differences ( P<0.05). The initial localization success rate was higher in the robot-assisted surgery group than in the traditional surgery group, but the difference between the two groups was not significant ( P>0.05). All patients in both groups were followed up, with the follow-up time of 3-12 months in the robot-assisted surgery group (median, 6 months) and 3-14 months in the traditional surgery group (median, 6 months). The postoperative MSTS scores of both groups improved significantly when compared to those before surgery ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the changes in MSTS scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative VAS scores of both groups showed a gradually decreasing trend over time ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups after surgery ( P>0.05). During follow-up, except for 1 case of postoperative infection in the traditional surgery group, there was no infections or recurrences in other cases. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection between the two groups ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Orthopedic robot-assisted osteoid osteoma resection achieves similar short-term effectiveness when compared to traditional open surgery, with shorter lesion localization time.

Osteolipoma of leg masquerading as osteoid osteoma: A case report

Lipomas are the most common, subcutaneous, and slow-growing tumors composed of fat (adipose tissue). Out of many types of these benign tumors, ossifying lipoma (osteolipoma) is the rarest subtype. Here, randomly distributed trabeculae of lamellar bone are seen within mature adipose tissue. They are featured only as isolated case reports and small case series, thus the true incidence is not known. The most common site for osteolipoma is the head and neck region and they are rarely reported in the lower extremities. Herein, we discuss the case of a 19-year-old man who presented with a progressively enlarging painful mass in the left leg. Radiology was typical of osteoid osteoma. Excision was performed and histopathological examination confirmed the lesion as osteolipoma with no evidence of malignancy. No recurrence of the tumor was observed after 2 years of follow-up. Although osteolipoma is a rare entity, the differential diagnosis of the lesion can be kept in mind whenever we encounter ossification within the adipose tissue.

An Overlooked Entity in Diagnosing Hip Pain with Neuropathy in an Athletic Young Adult: A Case Report

@#Hip pain is frequently encountered in the athletic community. Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain in young adults. However, it is important to appreciate the uncommon diagnosis and the role of imaging for unexplained hip pain. The pathology behind a posterior hip pain is often misdiagnosed as the cause of hip pain is non-specific, extensive and elusive. We managed to detect the pathology through magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) of hip with gadolinium enhancement after a series of inconclusive history, physical examination and imaging findings were completed. This particular case vignettes an overlooked osteoid osteoma that leads to the delay in diagnosis and increase morbidity.

Repercusión biomecánica derivada de un osteoma en el tercio proximal del fémur: a propósito de un caso / Biomechanical Impact Derived From an Osteoma in the Proximal Third of the Femur: Report of a Case

Introducción: El osteoma osteoide es un tumor óseo benigno, que no tiene potencial de crecimiento por lo que su tamaño no supera 1,5 cm pese a que la esclerosis que lo rodea le da un aspecto mayor. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a los varones jóvenes, y la mayoría de las veces aparece en las tres primeras décadas de la vida. Objetivos: Mostrar las repercusiones biomecánicas derivadas de un osteoma osteoide en el trayecto de la cintilla iliotibial y sus influencias por cadenas musculares descendentes sobre el miembro inferior. Presentación del caso: Se presenta una paciente de 24 años que acude a la consulta por presentar dolor a nivel de la cara externa del fémur derecho desde hace dos años; que se agudiza fundamentalmente con la marcha. Tras realizar las pertinentes exploraciones y pruebas diagnósticas por imagen, no se observan hallazgos clínicos significativos, por tanto se pauta tratamiento antiinflamatorio por vía oral y se efectúa estudio biomecánico y postural en el cual se detecta pie valgos bilaterales, inestables, con mayor relevancia en el pie derecho. La paciente acude nuevamente al no encontrar mejoría, se realiza telemetría del miembro inferior y resonancia magnética del fémur derecho. La imagen para diagnóstico da como resultado la presencia de una masa compatible con un osteoma osteoide de 11 x 4 mm en el tercio proximal lateral del fémur derecho. Conclusiones: Una lesión neoplásica que afecte al trayecto de un grupo muscular con repercusión biomecánica puede realizar compensaciones a diferentes niveles, por tanto, es necesaria la actuación de un equipo multidisciplinario para restablecer la marcha. Las sinergias entre el tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico provocan un mayor porcentaje de éxito(AU)

Introduction: Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor, which has no growth potential, consequently its size does not exceed 1.5 cm despite the fact that the surrounding sclerosis gives it a larger appearance. It most often affects young men, most often appearing in the first three decades of life. Objectives: To show the biomechanical repercussions derived from an osteoid osteoma in the trajectory of the iliotibial band and its influences by descending muscle chains on the lower limb. Case report: We report a 24-year-old female patient who came to the consultation due to pain on the external face of her right femur for two years. This pain worsened mainly by walking. After carrying out the pertinent explorations and diagnostic imaging tests, no significant clinical findings were observed, therefore, oral anti-inflammatory treatment was prescribed and biomechanical and postural study was carried out, which showed bilateral, unstable valgus foot, with higher relevance on the right foot. The patient came again when she had no improvement, telemetry of her lower limb and magnetic resonance imaging of her right femur were performed. The diagnostic image revealed the presence of a mass compatible with an 11 x 4 mm osteoid osteoma in the proximal lateral third of her right femur. Conclusions: A neoplastic lesion that affects the trajectory of a muscle group with biomechanical repercussions can carry out compensations at different levels, therefore, the action of a multidisciplinary team is necessary to restore gait. Synergies between conservative and surgical treatment lead to a higher success rate(AU)

Osteoma osteoide: causa poco frecuente de dolor crónico en la muñeca en una niña / Osteoid osteoma: unusual cause of chronic pain in the wrist in a child

El osteoma osteoide es una lesión ósea benigna que, habitualmente, se acompaña de clínica típica caracterizada por dolor nocturno que mejora con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. Aunque la presentación clínica es típica, con frecuencia, es común la demora diagnóstica, en especial, en los casos con localización atípica.Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 10 años con dolor en la muñeca izquierda de dos años de evolución con diagnóstico de osteoma osteoide localizado en el hueso grande del carpo. La localización atípica de la lesión conllevó un retraso diagnóstico importante

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone lesion that is usually accompanied by a typical clinical condition characterized by night pain that improves with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Although the clinical presentation is frequently typical, diagnostic delay is common, especially in cases with an atypical location.We report the case of a 10-year-old patient with left wrist pain of two years of evolution with diagnosis of osteoid osteoma located in capitate bone. The atypical location of the lesion led to a significant diagnostic delay.

Multicentric osteoblastoma-like: report of a rare case in the craniofacial region / Osteoblastoma-like multicêntrico: relato de um caso raro na região craniofacial

ABSTRACT The osteoblastoma-like tumor is a rare condition with limited information about its treatment in the current medical literature. The tumor histologically resembles osteoblastoma, although the imaging features are similar to those seen in primary vascular lesions. Due to the uncertainty in the biological behavior of this tumor and because it is an unusual diagnosis, treatment can be aggressive, such as amputation, en bloc resection, and/or chemotherapy. This work reports a rare case of a patient with multicentric osteoblastoma-like in the craniofacial region, treated aggressively with total resection of the lesions.

RESUMEN El tipo osteoblastoma es una afección poco común y la literatura médica actual tiene información limitada sobre su tratamiento. Es histológicamente similar al osteoblastoma, aunque las características de las imágenes son similares a las que se observan en las lesiones vasculares primarias. Por la incertidumbre de su comportamiento biológico y por tratarse de un diagnóstico poco habitual, el tratamiento puede ser agresivo, con amputación, resección en bloque y/o quimioterapia. Este trabajo reporta un caso raro de osteoblastoma multicéntrico en la región craneofacial, tratado de manera agresiva con resección total de las lesiones.

RESUMO O osteoblastoma-like é uma condição rara, e a literatura médica atual tem informações limitadas sobre seu tratamento. Ele se assemelha histologicamente ao osteoblastoma, embora as características imaginológicas sejam semelhantes às observadas nas lesões vasculares primárias. Devido à incerteza do seu comportamento biológico e por se tratar de um diagnóstico incomum, o tratamento pode ser agressivo, com amputação, ressecção em bloco e/ou quimioterapia. Este trabalho relata um caso raro de osteoblastoma-like multicêntrico em região craniofacial, tratado de forma agressiva com ressecção total das lesões.

Hip pain in children dilemmas in diagnosis and management a case report

Atraumatic hip pain in growing children is of varied etiology from developmental to infection and tumor. Differential clinical presentation of symptoms and investigation modalities like blood parameters and radiological imaging remains inconclusive at times with differential diagnosis. Biopsy remains the final say in conclusive of establishing final diagnosis unless proved otherwise. Bony lytic lesion of proximal femur in children without systemic illness mimicking benign bone tumor initially (osteiod osteoma) turned out to be chronic osteomyelitis on histopathologically following CT guided biopsy of the lesion which alters the course of management.

Artropatías en el adulto mayor / Arthropathies in the elderly

Introducción: Los pacientes mayores de 65 años son la parte de la población más afectada por las enfermedades reumáticas. El diagnóstico reumatológico en los ancianos se complica por las manifestaciones clínicas que imitan los cambios relacionados con la edad. Objetivo: Sintetizar los aspectos generales del manejo clínico, el diagnóstico y la terapéutica de las principales enfermedades reumáticas inflamatorias y no inflamatorias en este subgrupo de población. Desarrollo: Los principales trastornos musculoesqueléticos no inflamatorios que afectan a los adultos mayores son la osteoartritis, la osteoporosis y el dolor de espalda, mientras que las artritis inflamatorias predominantes comprenden la artritis reumatoide, la artropatía cristalina, la polimialgia reumática y las formas inflamatorias de la osteoartritis. Conclusiones: Para el diagnóstico y la terapéutica de las principales enfermedades reumáticas (inflamatorias y no inflamatorias) en este subgrupo de población, es necesario el enfoque multidisciplinar(AU)

Introduction: It is recognized that patients older than 65 years are the part of the population most affected by rheumatic diseases. The rheumatological diagnosis in the elderly is complicated by clinical manifestations, which mimic the changes related to age. Objective: To synthesize the general aspects of clinical management, diagnosis and therapy of the main rheumatic diseases inflammatory and non-inflammatory in this subgroup of the population. Development: The main non-inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders that affect older adults are osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and back pain, while the predominant inflammatory arthritis include rheumatoid arthritis, crystalline arthropathy, polymyalgia rheumatica and the inflammatory forms of osteoarthritis. Conclusions: It is vital for academics to be involved in the rheumatological aspects of aging and call attention to the imperative that is to promote reflective discussion within community medicine to address the impact of musculoskeletal problems that affect function and mobility of the elderly and immune dysregulation in aging, among other issues(AU)

Resection of Bone Tumor Guided by Gamma Probe and Evaluation of Postoperative Pain / Ressecção de tumor ósseo guiado por Gamaprobe e avaliação do quadro álgico pós-operatório

Abstract Osteoid osteoma is a benign neoplasm commonly found in young men, but that can be found in every age, which affects mainly long bones, clinically characterized by continuous and limiting pain that is relieved by salicylates. It is a small lesion composed of immature osteoid tissue, central hypervascularization and surrounding sclerotic area. Its diagnosis is performed by the clinic and aided by imaging tests, such as common radiography and computed tomography. Radiography shows a central radiolucent lesion and peripheral sclerosis. The biopsy takes place only in cases of diagnostic doubt. Surgical treatment involves resection of the niche, providing greater symptomatic relief, as well as percutaneous techniques. The technique of radioisotope-guided resection has good acceptance in the scientific community for its fast surgical procedure directed to the lesion; however, the percutaneous technique that stands out is radiofrequency ablation. In the present study, all of the patients submitted to the technique presented total improvement of the pain.

Resumo O osteoma osteóide é uma neoplasia benigna comum em homens jovens; porém, pode atingir qualquer idade, acomete preferencialmente ossos longos, e é caracterizada por dor contínua e limitante que é aliviada por salicilatos. É uma lesão de tamanho pequeno, composta por tecido osteóide imaturo, hipervascularização central e área esclerótica circundante. O diagnóstico é realizado pela clínica e auxiliado por exames de imagem, como radiografia comum e tomografia computadorizada. À radiografia, apresenta-se como uma lesão radiolucente central e esclerose periférica. A biópsia está indicada somente nos casos de dúvida diagnóstica. O tratamento cirúrgico envolve a ressecção do nicho, proporcionando maior alívio sintomático, assim como as técnicas percutâneas. A técnica de ressecção guiada por radioisótopo tem boa aceitação na comunidade científica por tornar o procedimento cirúrgico mais rápido e dirigido para a lesão, ainda que o padrão ouro de tratamento seja a técnica percutânea de ablação por radiofrequência. É válido ressaltar que, no presente estudo, todos os pacientes submetidos à resecção cirúrgica apresentaram regressão do quadro álgico.

Analysis of whole-body bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT imaging in osteoid osteoma / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective@#To analyze features of osteoid osteoma on whole-body bone scan (WBS) and SPECT/CT imaging.@*Methods@#From January 2010 to December 2018, 70 patients (50 males, 20 females, age: 4-66 years) with osteoid osteoma confirmed by pathology were enrolled from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. All patients underwent WBS and SPECT/CT imaging and imaging features were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 70 lesions were found by WBS combined with SPECT/CT imaging, and 26 lesions (37.1%, 26/70) were found in the femur and 25 lesions (35.7%, 25/70) in the tibia. The radioactive ratio of target lesion to non-target lesion (T/NT) was 3.7±1.2 in 56 patients who underwent three-phase bone imaging. WBS showed that 48 lesions (68.6%, 48/70) were round (or nearly round), 21 lesions (30%, 21/70) were spindle-shaped, and 1 lesion (1.4%, 1/70) was irregular-shaped, while SPECT/CT imaging showed that 69 lesions (98.6%, 69/70) were round (or round) and 1 lesion (1.4%, 1/70) was irregular-shaped. The " double-density sign" was found in 48 lesions (68.6%, 48/70) by WBS and in 59 lesions (84.3%, 59/70) by SPECT/CT imaging. SPECT/CT imaging detected nidus in 59 lesions (84.3%, 59/70) and calcification or ossification (" target sign" ) in 27 lesions (38.6%, 27/70).@*Conclusion@#The typical features of osteoid osteoma on WBS and SPECT/CT imaging include " double density sign" , nidus and " target sign" , which contribute to the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma.

Analysis of whole-body bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT imaging in osteoid osteoma / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To analyze features of osteoid osteoma on whole-body bone scan (WBS) and SPECT/CT imaging.Methods From January 2010 to December 2018,70 patients (50 males,20 females,age:4-66 years) with osteoid osteoma confirmed by pathology were enrolled from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University.All patients underwent WBS and SPECT/CT imaging and imaging features were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 70 lesions were found by WBS combined with SPECT/CT imaging,and 26 lesions (37.1％,26/70) were found in the femur and 25 lesions (35.7％,25/70) in the tibia.The radioactive ratio of target lesion to non-target lesion (T/NT) was 3.7±1.2 in 56 patients who underwent three-phase bone imaging.WBS showed that 48 lesions (68.6％,48/70) were round (or nearly round),21 lesions (30％,21/70) were spindle-shaped,and 1 lesion (1.4％,1/70) was irregular-shaped,while SPECT/CT imaging showed that 69 lesions (98.6％,69/70) were round (or round) and 1 lesion (1.4％,1/70) was irregular-shaped.The "double-density sign" was found in 48 lesions (68.6％,48/70) by WBS and in 59 lesions (84.3％,59/70) by SPECT/CT imaging.SPECT/CT imaging detected nidus in 59 lesions (84.3％,59/70) and calcification or ossification ("target sign") in 27 lesions (38.6％,27/70).Conclusion The typical features of osteoid osteoma on WBS and SPECT/CT imaging include "double density sign",nidus and "target sign",which contribute to the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma.

Osteoid Osteoma of the Sacrum - Case Report and Review of Literature

Sacrum is an extremely rare site for osteoid osteoma. We present a 25 year-old male, a computer operator who presented with chronic back pain of 4 years duration. He was initially investigated with routine x-rays and lab investigations and was treated for chronic back pain at another facility. Extensive work up at our clinic revealed a diagnosis of Osteoid Osteoma of Right 2ndSacral vertebral arch Interlesionalresection of the tumor was done and this was verified on histopathology. The patient had complete relief of pain following surgery. Repeat CT scan done at one year follow up. It showed complete removal of the Nidus. To the best of our knowledge there have not been many case reports in English Literature from the Indian subcontinent. There are many studies in which tumor of lumbar region is one of the causes of radiating pain in lower extremities but to the best of our knowledge this finding is unique and can also be an important cause of radicular pain

Osteomalacia. Diagnóstico y tratamiento / Osteomalacia. Diagnosis and treatment

Introducción: la osteomalacia se caracteriza por la falta de mineralización de la sustancia osteoide, que afecta al hueso cortical y al hueso esponjoso maduro. Es una enfermedad que se presenta en adultos y niños, aunque la causa es diferente en cada uno. Objetivo: exponer la generalidad de la osteomalacia por ser una enfermedad que produce serias afectaciones a la población que la padece, especialmente a los niños. Se enfatiza en el diagnóstico y su tratamiento. Desarrollo: a fin de resumir los elementos esenciales para establecer el diagnóstico de osteomalacia hay que plantear en primer lugar, la presencia de un trastorno de la mineralización ósea, de ahí que además de tener en cuenta las causas de la enfermedad, su curso clínico y la sintomatología. Conclusiones: una recomendación importante es no tener en cuenta la posibilidad de complicaciones en el curso de la enfermedad, como las fracturas, que, aunque sean parte del cuadro clínico, al producirse pueden ocasionar graves problemas, como el caso de las que aparecen en las costillas, que si se desplazan pueden interesar órganos vitales, de modo que en este tipo de pacientes no debe excluirse la posibilidad de emergencias o de urgencias reumatológicas tanto en los adultos como en los niños(AU)

Introduction: osteomalacia is characterized by the lack of mineralization of the osteoid substance, which affects cortical bone and mature cancellous bone. It is a disease that occurs in adults and children, although the cause is different in each. Objective: to expose the generality of osteomalacia for being a disease that causes serious affectations to the population that suffers it, especially to children. Emphasis is placed on the diagnosis and its treatment. Development: in order to summarize the essential elements to establish the diagnosis of osteomalacia, we must first consider the presence of a bone mineralization disorder, hence, in addition to taking into account the causes of the disease, its clinical course and the symptomatology. Conclusions: an important recommendation is not to take into account the possibility of complications in the course of the disease, such as fractures, which, although they are part of the clinical picture, can cause serious problems when they occur, as in the case of those that appear in the ribs, which if they move may involve vital organs, so that in this type of patients should not exclude the possibility of emergencies or rheumatological emergencies in both adults and children(AU)

Limb Length Discrepancy on an 11-Month-Old Boy with Osteoid Osteoma / Discrepância de membros em menino de 11 meses de idade associada a osteoma osteoide

Abstract Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that frequently occurs between the ages of 10 and 25 years old; in about 80% of the patients, it is associated with intense pain. The present article describes the case of an 11-month-old infant with claudication, right lower limb shortening, and painless right leg volume increase. Image studies demonstrated an osteolytic lesion with small ossifications within, involved by cortical thickening of the right tibial diaphysis. The diagnostic hypotheses were osteoid osteoma, chronic osteomyelitis (Brodie abscess), Ewing sarcoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Microorganismcultures were negative and the histopathological exam demonstrated osteoid osteoma. The present report expands the knowledge on osteoid osteoma as a cause of painless limping and lower limb shortening in infancy. The early differential diagnosis is important, as surgical excision is curative and prevents further complications.

Resumo Osteoma osteoide é umtumor ósseo benigno,mais frequentedos 10aos 25anos de idadee, em cerca de 80% dos pacientes, está associado a dor forte. O presente artigo descreve um pacientemasculino apresentando claudicação, encurtamento domembro inferior direito e aumento de volume indolor da perna direita desde os 11 meses de idade. Os exames de imagem demonstraram lesão osteolítica contendo pequenas ossificações de permeio, envolvidas por espessamento cortical da diáfise da tíbia direita. As hipóteses diagnósticas de osteoma osteoide, de osteomielite crônica (abscesso de Brodie), de sarcoma de Ewing e de histiocitose de células de Langerhans foram levantadas. As culturas para microrganismos foram negativas e o exame histopatológico demonstrou osteoma osteoide. O presente relato expande o conhecimento sobre osteoma osteoide como causa de claudicação e discrepância demembros inferiores indolor emlactente.Odiagnóstico diferencial precoce é importante, pois a exérese da lesão é curativa e previne sequelas futuras.

Comparison of radiofrequency ablation and curettage in osteoid osteoma in children / Comparação entre ablação por radiofrequência e curetagem de osteoma osteoide em crianças

ABSTRACT Objective: Osteoid osteoma, which is observed in the adolescent and young adult population as benign bone tumors, appears as a single nidus with a diameter < 2 cm and is treated with open surgery. However, technological advances in medicine have made it possible to apply less invasive procedures in surgery. Methods: Between 2006-2014, 24 patients < 18 years of age were treated for osteoid osteoma. Patient demographic data, surgical data, complications, and recurrences were noted. Results: Twenty-four patients (mean age, 11 [2-18] years) were treated and followed up for a mean 3.58 (range, 1-9) years. Mean patient age in the curettage group was 12.1 (range, 3-18) years. Mean operation length was 69.5 (range, 60-120) minutes. Mean hospital stay was 1.3 (range, 0-2) days. Mean patient age in the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) group was 10.7 (range, 2-17) years. Five patients were female and 8 were male. Mean operation length was 49.6 (range, 20-90) minutes. Mean hospital stay was 0.3 (range, 0-1) days. Mean follow-up time was 1.76 (range, 1-4) years. Mean operation length, hospital stay, and follow-up were significantly shorter in the RFA group. Conclusions: Considering reduced costs due to shorter hospitalization periods and the ability to reach anatomically difficult locations, percutaneous procedures are likely to replace the conventional open approach. Level of evidence: II, retrospective study.

RESUMO Objetivo: O osteoma osteoide, tumor ósseo benigno, acomete predominantemente adolescentes e adultos jovens. É descrito como um nicho único menor que 2 centímetros e o tratamento, nas últimas décadas, era realizado por cirurgia aberta. Com os avanços tecnológicos na medicina, os procedimentos menos invasivos tornaram-se o tratamento de escolha. Métodos: Entre 2006 e 2014, 24 pacientes com menos de 18 anos foram submetidos ao tratamento de osteoma osteoide. Foram coletados os dados demográficos da população estudada e as informações sobre a cirurgia, complicações e recorrência. Resultados: Os vinte e quatro pacientes com média de idade de 11 anos (2-18) foram tratados e o acompanhamento teve média de 3,58 anos (1-9). A média de idade dos pacientes no Grupo curetagem foi de 12,1 anos (3-18). O tempo médio da cirurgia foi de 69,5 minutos (60-120). A média de permanência hospitalar foi de 1,3 dias (0-2). A média de idade dos pacientes no Grupo ARF foi de 10,7 anos (2-17) anos, sendo cinco do sexo feminino e oito do sexo masculino. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 49,6 minutos (20-90). A permanência hospitalar média foi de 0,3 dias (0-1). O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 1,76 anos (1-4). As médias de tempo cirúrgico, tempo de internação e acompanhamento foram significativamente menores no Grupo ARF. Conclusões: Quando a redução de custos promovida pelo menor tempo de hospitalização e a capacidade de atingir locais anatomicamente difíceis também forem considerados, os procedimentos percutâneos provavelmente substituirão a cirurgia aberta convencional. Nível de evidência II; Estudo retrospectivo.

Osteoid Osteoma of the Sacrum: A Case Report

STUDY DESIGN: Case report.OBJECTIVES: To report a case of osteoid osteoma arising in the sacrum in a 29-year-old male patient.SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic tumor that usually arises in the long bones. Osteoid osteoma involving the sacrum is extremely rare.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 29-year-old male patient presented with pain localized in his sacral area for 10 months. His pain was worse at night, relieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and independent of physical activity. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the second sacral vertebra (S2). Computed tomography revealed a nidus located in the S2 spinous process. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bone and soft tissue edema around the nidus.RESULTS: En bloc excision including the nidus revealed a diagnosis of osteoid osteoma and provided immediate relief of the patient's long-lasting sacral pain.CONCLUSIONS: When a young patient presents with localized sacral pain that is worse at night, relieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, independent of physical activity, and lasts longer than expected, proper imaging studies should be performed to rule out osteoid osteoma. Although less invasive treatment modalities have been introduced, classical en bloc excision is currently the gold standard for managing osteoid osteoma.

The usefulness of chemical-shift magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of osteoid osteoma / O uso da sequência T1 em fase e fora de fase da ressonância magnética para a avaliação do osteoma osteoide

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether chemical-shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be useful in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma when clinical and radiological tumor features are inconclusive. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 17 patients who underwent chemical-shift MRI for the evaluation of osteoid osteoma. For all patients, two musculoskeletal radiologists independently recorded signal intensities on in-phase and out-of-phase images in the nidus of the tumor, in abnormal-intensity bone marrow surrounding the lesion, and in normal-appearing bone marrow. For each region, relative signal intensity ratios were calculated by dividing out-of-phase by in-phase values. Relative ratios > 1 were considered indicative of neoplastic lesions. Statistical analysis was carried out to analyze the sample. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement for each imaging method were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients according to the Fleiss method and a value > 0.65 was considered to indicate substantial agreement. Results: The mean relative signal intensity ratios were 1.2 (range, 0.9-1.4) for the nidus and 0.35 (range, 0.11-0.66) for the surrounding tissue; these values differed significantly from the relative signal-intensity ratios for normal-appearing bone marrow (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chemical-shift MRI is useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoid osteoma.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a sequência T1 em fase e fora de fase da ressonância magnética (RM) poderia ser útil no diagnóstico de osteoma osteoide em situações nas quais características clínicas e radiológicas são indefinidas. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu 17 pacientes submetidos a RM para avaliação do osteoma osteoide. Em todos os pacientes, dois radiologistas musculoesqueléticos registraram, independentemente, as intensidades de sinal em imagens em fase e fora de fase no nidus do tumor, na medula óssea de intensidade anormal ao redor da lesão e na medula óssea de aspecto normal. Para cada região, as relações de intensidade de sinal relativas foram calculadas dividindo os valores na sequência fora de fase pelos valores em fase. Razões relativas > 1 foram consideradas indicativas de lesões neoplásicas. A análise estatística foi realizada para analisar a amostra. A concordância interobservador e intraobservador para cada método de imagem foi avaliada por meio dos coeficientes de correlação intraclasse, segundo o método de Fleiss, e considerou-se um valor > 0,65 para indicar concordância substancial. Resultados: As razões de intensidade de sinal relativa média foram 1,2 (variação: 0,9-1,4) para o nidus e 0,35 (variação: 0,11-0,66) para o tecido circundante. Estes valores diferiram significativamente das relações de sinal-intensidade relativa da medula óssea com aspecto normal (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A sequência em fase e fora de fase da RM mostrou-se útil para o diagnóstico e avaliação do osteoma osteoide.

Arthroscopic Excision of Delayed Diagnosed Intra-articular Osteoid Osteoma of the Elbow: A Case Report

An intra-articular osteoid osteoma is a very rare cause of elbow pain, and its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Delayed diagnosis may lead to arthritic change of the joint. In this study, the authors present the occurrence of intra-articular osteoid osteoma in the right elbow of a 15-year-old male patient who presented with prolonged pain and limited motion owing to delayed diagnosis. After confirming the nidus of osteoid osteoma from radiographic evaluation, the lesion was completely removed arthroscopically. The patient presented a complete relief of symptoms and full range of motion. This is the first domestic report of successful arthroscopic treatment of an intra-articular osteoid osteoma of the elbow.