Effectiveness and safety of ultra-low-dose spinal anesthesia versus perineal blocks in hemorroidectomy and anal fistula surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background: Ultra-low-dose Spinal Anesthesia (SA) is the practice of employing minimal doses of intrathecal agents so that only the roots that supply a specific area are anesthetized. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of ultra-low-dose spinal anesthesia with that of Perineal Blocks (PB). Methods: A two-arm, parallel, double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing two anesthetic techniques (SA and PB) for hemorrhoidectomy and anal fistula surgery was performed. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain, complementation and/or conversion of anesthesia, and hemodynamic changes. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included in the final analysis. The mean pain values were similar in the first 48 h in both groups (p > 0.05). The individuals allocated to the SA group did not need anesthetic complementation; however, those in the PB group required it considerably (SA group, 0% vs. PB group, 25%; p = 0.005). Hemodynamic changes were more pronounced after PB: during all surgical times, the PB group showed lower MAP values and higher HR values (p < 0.05). Postoperative urinary retention rates were similar between both groups (SA group 0% vs. PB group 3.1%, p = 0.354). Conclusion: SA and PB are similarly effective in pain control during the first 48 h after hemorrhoidec-tomy and anal fistula surgery. Although surgical time was shorter among patients in the PB group, the SA technique may be preferable as it avoids the need for additional anesthesia. Furthermore, the group that received perineal blocks was under sedation with a considerable dose of propofol.

Mode establishment and preliminary clinical application of anterior cervical surgery in outpatient setting / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish the mode of anterior cervical surgery in outpatient setting, and evaluate its preliminary effectiveness.@*METHODS@#A clinical data of patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery between January 2022 and September 2022 and met the selection criteria was retrospectively analyzed. The surgeries were performed in outpatient setting ( n=35, outpatient setting group) or in inpatient setting ( n=35, inpatient setting group). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) in age, gender, body mass index, smoking, history of alcohol drinking, disease type, the number of surgical levels, operation mode, as well as preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale score of neck pain (VAS-neck), and visual analogue scale score of upper limb pain (VAS-arm). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay, and hospital expenses of the two groups were recorded; JOA score, VAS-neck score, and VAS-arm score were recorded before and immediately after operation, and the differences of the above indexes between pre- and post-operation were calculated. Before discharge, the patient was asked to score satisfaction with a score of 1-10.@*RESULTS@#The total hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay, and hospital expenses were significantly lower in the outpatient setting group than in the inpatient setting group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction of patients was significantly higher in the outpatient setting group than in the inpatient setting group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time and intraoperative blood loss ( P>0.05). The JOA score, VAS-neck score, and VAS-arm score of the two groups significantly improved at immediate after operation when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the improvement of the above scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). The patients were followed up (6.67±1.04) months in the outpatient setting group and (5.95±1.90) months in the inpatient setting group, with no significant difference ( t=0.089, P=0.929). No surgical complications, such as delayed hematoma, delayed infection, delayed neurological damage, and esophageal fistula, occurred in the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The safety and efficiency of anterior cervical surgery performed in outpatient setting were comparable to that performed in inpatient setting. Outpatient surgery mode can significantly shorten the postoperative hospital stay, reduce hospital expenses, and improve the patients' medical experience. The key points of the outpatient mode of anterior cervical surgery are minimizing damage, complete hemostasis, no drainage placement, and fine perioperative management.

Effect of modified blood management strategies on blood loss and transfusion rate during outpatient total hip arthroplasty / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To explore the impact of a modified blood management strategy on blood loss and transfusion rates during outpatient total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods:The retrospective research was performed in a total of 125 patients (125 hips) who underwent outpatient primary THA from January 2019 to December 2021 at a medical center. According to whether a modified blood management protocol was used or not, all patients were divided into two groups. Group A was used the original perioperative blood management strategies (1 g tranexamic acid, intravenously, 10 minutes before skin incision), and group B was used the modified perioperative blood management strategy (on the basis of the original protocol, 2 g tranexamic acid was sprayed locally in the joint cavity before the incision was closed, 1 g tranexamic acid was injected intravenously 3 hours after surgery, and 1 g tranexamic acid was injected intravenously again on the first day after surgery). There were 52 cases in group A, including 32 males and 20 females, aged 58.5±9.8 years (range, 39-69 years), 13 cases were developmental hip dysplasia (Crowe I°-II°), 24 cases were avascular necrosis of the femoral head, 10 cases were hip osteoarthritis, 3 cases were ankylosing spondylitis involving hip joint, and 2 cases were femoral neck fracture. Among the 73 patients in group B, there were 43 males and 30 females, aged 55.8±10.4 years (range, 42-67 years), including 17 cases of developmental hip dysplasia (Crowe I°-II°), 32 cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, 16 cases of hip osteoarthritis, 7 cases of ankylosing spondylitis involving hip joint, and 1 case of femoral neck fracture. Intraoperative blood loss, transfusion, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) events (vascular ultrasound, 2w Postop.), the hemoglobin (Hb) drop, the hematocrit (Hct) drop and other complications were recorded.Results:After using the modified strategy, the intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced (305.6±38.6 ml vs. 416.2±88.3 ml, t=9.51, P<0.001), and the drop of hemoglobin was significantly decreased (18.1±4.0 g/L vs. 22.3±5.8 g/L, t=4.97, P<0.001). The drop of Hct also decreased significantly (7.3%±0.7% vs. 9.6%±1.3%, t=10.21, P<0.001), and total blood loss decreased significantly (720.6±57.4 ml vs. 919.6±86.3 ml, t=15.49, P<0.001). The hidden blood loss was also significantly lower than that in group A (414.9±71.1 ml vs. 503.5±96.4 ml, t=5.91, P<0.001). One patient (in group A) developed intra-articular hemorrhage 2 h after surgery and was transferred back to the inpatient ward for treatment after transfusion. Three patients (2.4%, 1 in group A and 2 in group B) developed symptomatic anemia and were discharged successfully after conservative treatment. Calf muscular venous thrombosis occurred in 3 patients (2.4%), but no symptomatic deep vein thrombosis occurred in all patients. Conclusion:According to this retrospective research, the use of modified blood management strategy during outpatient THA can further reduce intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss and postoperative hematocrit drop, and does not increase the occurrence of perioperative thrombosis-related complications.

La chirurgie ambulatoire en orthopédie et traumatologie: expériences du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Morafeno Toamasina / mbulatory surgery in orthopedics and traumatology: experiences of the University Hospital Morafeno Toamasin

Introduction : Plus qu'un défi ou un enjeu, la chirurgie ambulatoire, constitue pour les pays en voies de développement une opportunité d'accroître l'accès aux soins. Elle est un concept d'organisation centrée sur le malade, basée sur la sélection des patients et des actes chirurgicaux afin d'assurer une qualité et une sécurité maximale de soins. Objectifs : Partager les résultats de notre expérience sur la chirurgie ambulatoire en orthopédie traumatologie et de déterminer les difficultés rencontrées lors de sa mise en place. Matériels et Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude prospective, descriptive et observationnelle allant de janvier 2018 au janvier 2019 (12 mois) réalisée au CHU Morafeno Toamasina. Résultats: Au total, 108 patients ont été retenus. Les interventions réglées étaient réalisées chez 82,40% des patients contre 17,59% d'urgences traumatologiques. L'âge moyen des patients était de 32 ans ± 8,6 ans avec une prédominance masculine (sex ratio:3,9) . Le type d'intervention réalisé était dominé par les ablations de matériels d'ostéosynthèses avec un taux de 25,92%, suivies des tentatives de réduction orthopédique de fractures dans 22,22 % des cas. Le type d'anesthésie la plus pratiquée était l'anesthésie locorégionale (52,77%). Les évènements en postopératoire étaient dominés par l'insomnie (4,62%), la céphalée (2,77 %), les nausées et vomissements (5,55%) et les hématomes (3,70%). Soixante-douze virgule deux pour cent des patients déclaraient satisfaits de leur prise en charge. Conclusion: Le développement extensif de la chirurgie ambulatoire est basé sur la sélection des patients à qui l'on propose ce type de prise en charge. Elle présente un enjeu majeur en matière de restructuration et d'amélioration de l'offre de soins en chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie

Cancelación de procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos: Una agenda para la investigación en Colombia / Cancellation of elective surgical procedures: A research agenda in Colombia

Resumen La cancelación de cirugías programadas es un problema latente en Colombia que tiene repercusiones negativas para el paciente (física y psicológicamente), el personal de la salud (bienestar laboral, satisfacción, desempeño) y la institución (costo-eficiencia). La tasa de cancelación varía entre 2,7 - 7,6 %. La mayoría de las cancelaciones son prevenibles y ocurren por errores administrativos o de programación. En este documento se realiza una revisión sobre el estado y vacíos de conocimiento sobre este problema en Colombia, y se plantean algunos puntos para la agenda de investigación.

Summary Cancellation of scheduled surgeries is a latent problem in colombia, which encompasses negative consequences for the patient (physically and psychologically), the health care personnel (well-being, satisfaction, performance) and the institution (cost-effectiveness). The rate of cancellation varies between 2,7 - 7,6 %. Most cancellations are preventable and occur due to administrative or programming issues. In this document, we performed a review on the gaps of knowledge on this problem in colombia, and we highlighted some points for the research agenda.

Tratamiento quirúrgico ambulatorio en la solución de las afecciones de la glándula tiroides / Outpatient surgical treatment in the solution of the thyroid gland conditions

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía tiroidea es uno de los procedimientos más comúnmente realizados en la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Era tradicional que los pacientes tuvieran estancias hospitalarias que, en ocasiones, superaban los 3 días. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria, en la solución de las afecciones quirúrgicas de la glándula tiroides. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 307 pacientes con afecciones de la glándula tiroides que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico ambulatorio. Se confeccionó modelo de recogida de datos para las variables: edad, sexo, afección tiroidea, tipo de intervención quirúrgica, método anestésico y complicaciones. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El grupo de edades más frecuente fue entre los 30-39 años (32,57 %), predominó el sexo femenino (91,53 %). Las afecciones tiroideas más frecuentes fueron el bocio adenomatoso (23,13 %) y el carcinoma (20,85 %), la intervención quirúrgica más frecuente fue la tiroidectomía total (39,08 %); se aplicó analgesia quirúrgica acupuntural en 39 pacientes (12,71 %), 8 pacientes presentaron complicaciones posoperatorias (2,6 %). La estancia hospitalaria fue inferior a 24 horas en el 99,02 % de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria se emplea en la solución de las afecciones quirúrgicas de la glándula tiroides, más frecuente en las afecciones benignas, en pacientes mayores de 19 años de edad, con predominio del sexo femenino, la intervención quirúrgica realizada con mayor frecuencia es la tiroidectomía total. Con mayor frecuencia se aplica anestesia general orotraqueal; se reserva la analgesia quirúrgica acupuntural para casos seleccionados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Thyroid surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures in otorhinolaryngology, and head and neck surgery. Traditionally, it presented hospital stays that were sometimes longer than 3 days. Objective: To describe the results of major outpatient surgery in the solution of surgical conditions of the thyroid gland. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 307 patients with thyroid gland disorders who received outpatient surgical treatment. A data collection model was created for the variables: age, sex, thyroid disease, type of surgical intervention, anesthetic method and complications, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Results: The most frequent age group was between 30-39 years (32.57 %), females predominated (91.53 %). The most frequent thyroid conditions were adenomatous goiter (23.13 %) and carcinoma (20.85 %), the most frequent surgical intervention was total thyroidectomy (39.08 %), surgical acupuncture analgesia was applied in 39 patients (12.71 %), 8 patients presented postoperative complications (2.6 %). The hospital stay was less than 24 hours in 99.02 % of the patients. Conclusions: Major outpatient surgery is used in the solution of surgical conditions of the thyroid gland, more frequent in benign conditions, in patients over 19 years of age, with a predominance of females, the surgical intervention performed with greater frequency is total thyroidectomy. The most frequent was general orotracheal anesthesia, reserving acupuncture surgical analgesia for selected cases.

Hiperparatiroidismo primario: experiencia en cirugía por mini abordaje unilateral / Primary hyperparathyroidism: experience in surgery by unilateral mini-approach

INTRODUCCIÓN: En el hiperparatiroidismo primario el origen del trastorno, como su nombre lo indica, está en la propia glándula paratiroides, la cual genera una secreción autónoma y excesiva. La cirugía de las glándulas paratiroides evolucionó en forma considerable en los últimos 30 a 40 años, pasamos de exploraciones cervicales exhaustivas, hasta una época en que gracias al desarrollo tecnológico y sobre todo medicina nuclear, podemos localizar en forma preoperatoria el tejido patológico; siendo esta a su vez la base fundamental en la realización de procedimientos más selectivos. OBJETIVO: mostrar la casuística de cirugía por mini abordaje de la glándula paratiroides en el hiperparatiroidismo primario en un centro mutual de Montevideo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se estudió una muestra de 18 pacientes con diagnóstico de hiperparatiroidismo primario y con sospecha de lesión única los cuales fueron intervenidos en un centro mutual de la ciudad de Montevideo entro julio de 2017 y enero de 2020. CONCLUSIÓN: La cirugía por mini abordaje de la glándula paratiroides puede ser aplicada en el hiperparatiroidismo primario en pacientes seleccionados con las ventajas de; tener un menor tiempo quirúrgico, ser ambulatoria (reintegro al hogar en pocas horas), indemnidad de la logia tiroidea contralateral, mejor resultado estético con similar tasa de éxito que la cirugía convencional.

BACKGROUND: In primary hyperparathyroidism, the origin of the disorder, as its name indicates, is in the parathyroid gland itself, which generates excessive and autonomous secretion. Parathyroid gland surgery has evolved dramatically in the last 30 to 40 years, from exhaustive cervical examinations, to nowadays when, thanks to technological development and especially nuclear medicine, we can locate pathological tissue preoperatively; this, in fact, is the fundamental basis for the performance of more selective procedures. OBJECTIVE: to show the casuistry of mini-approach surgery of the parathyroid gland in primary hyperparathyroidism in a mutual center in Montevideo. METHODS: We carried out a descriptive and retrospective observational study. We studied a sample of 18 patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism and a single suspicious lesion, who underwent surgery in a private center in the city of Montevideo from July 2017 to January 2020. CONCLUSION: Mini-approach surgery of the parathyroid gland can be applied in primary hyperparathyroidism in selected patients, with the advantages of a shorter surgical time, ambulatory (return home in a few hours), keeping the indemnity of the contralateral thyroid loggia, a better cosmetic result with a similar success rate than conventional surgery.

Perfil dos eventos adversos de cirurgia ambulatorial em uma policlínica do Rio de Janeiro / Profile of adverse events of outpatient surgery in a polyclinic in Rio de Janeiro

O foco deste estudo foi o perfil dos eventos adversos oriundos de procedimentos cirúrgicos, visto que essa ocorrência não é desejável e causa malefícios aos pacientes. Eventos adversos representam problemas de qualidade do cuidado relacionado à dimensão da segurança do paciente. O estudo teve como objetivo geral caracterizar o perfil dos eventos adversos cirúrgicos em uma unidade de cirurgia ambulatorial. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, no qual foi elaborado instrumento próprio para coleta de dados por meio de contato telefônico, em que foram feitas perguntas aos pacientes participantes buscando constatar a ocorrência de eventos adversos decorridos do procedimento cirúrgicos. A pesquisa foi realizada em unidade de cirurgia ambulatorial e identificou-se 43,2% de ocorrências de eventos adversos pós-cirúrgicos, entre os quais os de maior prevalência foram dor (35,1%) e hematomas (19,3%). Foram registrados mais de uma ocorrência de eventos adversos pós-cirúrgicos em 40,6% dos pacientes. Todos os eventos adversos identificados foram considerados preveníveis, de impacto leve ou moderado. O estudo mostrou ser necessária a revisão de processos administrativos e assistenciais visando a melhoria dos processos e diminuição de erros, além de sugerir a adoção de práticas de avaliação de controle de qualidade.

The focus of this study was the profile of adverse events arising from surgical procedures, since this occurrence is undesirable and causes harm to patients. Adverse events represent quality of care problems related to the dimension of patient safety. The general objective of the study was to characterize the profile of surgical adverse events in an outpatient surgery unit. This is a quantitative study, in which a specific instrument was developed for data collection through telephone contact, in which participating patients were asked questions in order to verify the occurrence of adverse events resulting from the surgical procedure. The survey was carried out in an outpatient surgery unit and 43.2% of occurrences of post-surgical adverse events were identified, among which the most prevalent were pain (35.1%) and hematomas (19.3%). More than one occurrence of post-surgical adverse events was recorded in 40.6% of patients. All adverse events identified were considered preventable, of mild or moderate impact. The study showed that it is necessary to review administrative and care processes in order to improve processes and reduce errors, in addition to suggesting the adoption of quality control assessment practices.

Modelo para el perfeccionamiento del proceso de atención en cirugía mayor ambulatoria y de corta estadía / A Model for Improving the Care Process in Major Outpatient and Short-Stay Surgeries

Introducción: Existen limitaciones en la coordinación entre los niveles primario y secundario de salud en el proceso quirúrgico ambulatorio y de corta estadía, lo que repercute en la calidad del servicio. Objetivo: Diseñar una propuesta de modelo asistencial para el perfeccionamiento del proceso de atención al paciente en cirugía mayor ambulatoria y cirugía de corta estadía. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación prospectiva descriptiva del 3 de septiembre de 2012 al 20 de marzo de 2018. En su diseño fueron empleados la modelación y el sistémico-estructural fundamentalmente. Se aplicaron encuestas a expertos con experiencia en los niveles primario y secundario de salud para evaluar la calidad y pertinencia del modelo propuesto. También fueron encuestados los jefes de los grupos provinciales de Cirugía General y Medicina Familiar. Se realizaron entrevistas grupales a clientes del proyecto de investigación (del que se deriva) y a decisores institucionales y del nivel provincial. Fue empleada la técnica de triangulación metodológica y de fuentes. Resultados: La estructuración del modelo partió de la coordinación del trabajo asistencial y metodológico entre los niveles primario y secundario de salud. Se sustentó en cuatro pilares: preparación teórica del personal de salud, observancia de normas de relación en el contexto laboral, cumplimiento de procedimientos en el contexto asistencial y evaluación continua de la calidad asistencial. Los expertos, clientes y decisores avalaron su calidad, pertinencia y posibilidades de implementación. Conclusiones: El modelo presenta calidad, es pertinente y su aplicación es factible(AU)

Introduction: There are limitations in the coordination between the primary and secondary health levels in the outpatient and short-stay surgical processes, which affects the quality of the service. Objective: Designing a proposal for a healthcare model for the improvement of the patient care process in major outpatient surgery and short-stay surgery. Methods: A descriptive and prospective research was carried out from September 3, 2012 to March 20, 2018. Its design involved essentially modeling and the systemic-structural method. Surveys were applied to experts with experience in primary and secondary health levels, in order to assess the quality and relevance of the proposed model. The heads of the provincial groups of General Surgery and Family Medicine were also surveyed. Group interviews were conducted with clients of the research project (from which it is derived) and with institutional and provincial decision-makers. The methodological and source triangulation technique was used. Results: The structuring of the model started from the coordination of the care and methodological work between the primary and secondary health levels. It was based on four pillars: theoretical training of health personnel, observance of relationship rules in the work context, compliance with procedures in the care context, and continuous assessment of the quality of care. The experts, clients and decision-makers recognized its quality, relevance and possibilities of implementation. Conclusions: The model presents quality, is pertinent and its application is feasible(AU)

Efectividad del tratamiento acupuntural en las urgencias hipertensivas durante el preoperatorio de cirugías menores / Effectiveness of Acupuncture against Hypertensive Emergencies during the Preoperative of Minor Surgeries

Introducción: Las urgencias hipertensivas constituyen una de las complicaciones agudas más frecuentes de la hipertensión arterial y es causa de muerte prematura entre adultos. Muchas publicaciones abogan por el uso de la Medicina Tradicional y Natural como método terapéutico eficaz e inocuo en su manejo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento acupuntural en las urgencias hipertensivas durante el preoperatorio en los pacientes que serán sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas ambulatorias menores en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso, de enero a octubre de 2019. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio de intervención terapéutica. El universo estuvo constituido por 150 pacientes hipertensos que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo estudio que recibió tratamiento con acupuntura y un grupo control que recibió tratamiento medicamentoso. A todos se les realizó diagnóstico occidental y oriental. Ambos grupos estuvieron conformados por 75 pacientes. Resultados: Predominó el grupo de edades de 45 a 54 años en ambos grupos, un mayor número de mujeres enfermas. El síntoma que más afectó al total de los pacientes fue la cefalea y hubo superioridad del diagnóstico síndrome hiperactividad de fuego de hígado. El 74 por ciento de los pacientes a los que se les aplicó acupuntura mejoraron y un 66 por ciento lo lograron en el grupo control. Conclusiones: El tratamiento acupuntural resultó ser efectivo en los pacientes con urgencias hipertensivas durante el preoperatorio para las intervenciones quirúrgicas ambulatorios menores(AU)

Introduction: Hypertensive emergencies are one of the most frequent acute complications of arterial hypertension and the cause of premature death among adults. Many publications advocate the use of traditional and natural medicine as an effective and safe therapeutic method for its management. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture against hypertensive emergencies during the preoperative period in patients who will undergo minor outpatient surgical interventions at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Clinical-Surgical Hospital, from January to October 2019. Methods: A therapeutic intervention study was carried out. The population consisted of 150 hypertensive patients who were randomly assigned to either a study group that received acupuncture or a control group that received drug treatment, all of whom underwent Western and Eastern diagnoses. Both groups consisted of 75 patients. Results: The age set 45-54 years predominated in both groups, together with a greater number of sick women. The symptom that most affected all the patients was headache and there was superiority of the diagnosis of Liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome. 74 percent of the patients who received acupuncture improved, while 66 percent achieved it as part of the control group. Conclusions: Acupuncture turned out to be effective in patients with hypertensive emergencies during the preoperative period for minor outpatient surgeries(AU)

Tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda / Acute Appendicitis Management

RESUMEN El objetivo del trabajo es profundizar en los diferentes aspectos cognoscitivos sobre las nuevas evidencias concernientes al tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda y comparar los resultados obtenidos con las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas actualmente y el tratamiento conservador. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y se seleccionaron artículos en las fuentes electrónicas: Web of Science, Scielo, Elsevier, PubMed, Medline y Google, publicadas en la presente centuria en idiomas español e inglés. La apendicetomía mediante laparotomía ha sido siempre la regla de oro para el tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda. En 1982, se introdujo el acceso laparoscópico que ha demostrado ser tan seguro y eficiente como el convencional. En 2004, la cirugía endoscópica a través de orificios naturales; en 2007 por un solo puerto y en 2015 mediante endoscopia retrógrada. La evolución del cuadro clínico es variable por lo que se han propuesto estrategias como la cirugía ambulatoria, el tratamiento conservador seguido o no de cirugía de intervalo, a fin de evitar intervenciones innecesarias con morbilidad y mortalidad similares a las realizadas con urgencia. La apendicetomía mediante laparotomía o laparoscopia aun es la regla de oro del tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda, aunque se impone el acceso laparoscópico, han surgido nuevas técnicas invasivas y la cirugía ambulatoria. La antibioticoterapia es esencial y como tratamiento único tiene como objetivo disminuir los costos y la morbilidad asociada a la cirugía; por tanto, actualmente el tratamiento adecuado de esta enfermedad es controversial y dependerá de los protocolos de actuación establecidos, el estado del paciente y los recursos disponibles(AU)

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to study in depth the different cognitive aspects about the new evidences concerning the treatment of acute appendicitis and to compare the results obtained with the different surgical techniques currently used and the conservative treatment. A bibliographic review was carried out and articles were chosen from the electronic sources Web of Science, Scielo, Elsevier, PubMed, Medline, and Google, published in this century in Spanish and in English. Appendectomy by laparotomy has always been the gold standard for the treatment of acute appendicitis. In 1982, laparoscopic access was introduced, which has proven safe and efficient as conventional access. In 2004, endoscopic surgery through natural orifices was used; in 2007, it was performed by a single port, and in 2015, through retrograde endoscopy. The evolution of the clinical picture is variable so strategies have been proposed such as ambulatory surgery, conservative treatment followed or not by interval surgery, in order to avoid unnecessary interventions with morbidity and mortality similar to those performed with urgency. Appendectomy by laparotomy or laparoscopy is still the golden standard of the treatment of acute appendicitis, although laparoscopic access is required, new invasive techniques and outpatient surgery have emerged. Antibiotic therapy is essential and, as a single treatment, aims to reduce costs and morbidity associated with surgery; therefore, the adequate treatment of this disease is currently controversial and will depend on the established protocols of action, patient condition, and the available resources(AU)

Náusea y vómito postoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de mama / Postoperative nausea and vomiting after mastectomy

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are a frequent problem in surgical patients, with an incidence of 50% and 30% respectively. In patients with the risk of presenting this complication, the incidence frows up to 80%. PONV can extend the length of stay in the postoperative recovery unit with the time of surgery. Each episode of vomiting can increase the stay in a postoperative recovery unit by 20 minutes. In addition, the main cause of hospitalization is not scheduled in the context of outpatient surgery. The anesthesiologist before a mastectomy must determine the strategies according to the pathology, proposing the necessary resources to avoid the presence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the patient in outpatient surgery of the breast in the ambulatory surgery unit of the National Cancer Institute. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out in which the clinical files of the patients of the National Institute of Cancerology were reviewed and a surgical procedure with the diagnosis of breast cancer in the outpatient surgery unit was scheduled. a period comprised between May 1 and October 15, 2017. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 23. RESULTS: 165 women with an average age of 52.8 ± 11.2 years were included, 154 were send home (93.4%), the remaining 11 patients (6.7%) required hospitalization for pain (4.2%), pain and hematoma (1.8%). and re intervention (0.6%), none for PONV. A history of nausea and vomiting was observed in 21.2%. Only 3 patients presented postoperative nausea and vomiting (1.8%). Antiemetic treatment was applied in all patients with a combination of any of three drugs (metoclopramide, dexamethasone and ondansetron). A history of nausea and vomiting was found to be a risk factor for PONV with an MRI of 28.1 (1.42 ­ 55.8); the second risk factor was to receive RM-isolated chemotherapy of 22.6 (1.14 ­ 44.8) and the third risk factor was to receive some treatment (QT, RT or QT + RT) MRI of 15.2 (0.77-29.9). CONCLUSIONS: In our study we observed a very low rate of PONV and it was possible to demonstrate that the pre-medication prior to the surgical event in patients with breast cancer significantly decreases the presence and control of postoperative nausea and vomiting, improving comfort during their Hospital stay and immediate discharge. It is necessary to carry out studies that deepen these findings in our population and allow to discriminate in an experimental, prospective and longitudinal design the effectiveness of the pharmacological treatment of PONV.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La náusea y vómito postoperatorio (NVPO) son un problema frecuente en los pacientes quirúrgicos, con una incidencia de 50% y de 30% respectivamente. En pacientes con alto riesgo de presentar esta complicación pueden aumentar la incidencia de hasta 80%. La NVPO puede prolongar significativamente el tiempo de estadía en la Unidad de Recuperación Posoperatoria con incremento de forma relevante en los costos de la cirugía. Cada episodio de vómitos puede llegar a aumentar en 20 min la estadía en una Unidad de Recuperación Posoperatoria. Además, son la principal causa de hospitalización no programada en el contexto de la cirugía ambulatoria. El anestesiólogo ante una cirugía de mama debe determinar las estrategias de acuerdo con la patología, proponiendo los recursos necesarios para evitar la presencia de náusea y vomito posoperatorio. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia de náusea y vomito posoperatorio en el paciente sometido a cirugía ambulatoria de mama en la unidad de cirugía ambulatoria del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología programadas a procedimiento quirúrgico con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en la unidad de cirugía ambulatoria, en un período comprendido entre el 1 de mayo al 15 de octubre de 2017. Se realizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial en SPSS versión 23. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 165 mujeres con edad promedio de 52,8 ± 11,2 años, 154 fueron egresados a su domicilio (93,4%), las restantes 11 pacientes (6,7%) requirieron internamiento por dolor (4,2%), dolor y hematoma (1,8%) y re intervención (0,6%), ninguna por NVPO. Se observó antecedente de náusea y vómito en 21,2%. Solo 3 pacientes se presentaron náuseas y vómito postoperatorios (1,8%). El tratamiento antiemético se aplicó en todas las pacientes con una combinación de cualquiera de tres fármacos (metoclopramida, dexametasona y ondansetrón). El antecedente de náusea y vómito, resultó ser un factor de riesgo para presentar NVPO con una RM de 28,1 (1,42-55,8); el segundo factor de riesgo fue recibir quimioterapia aislada RM de 22,6 (1,14-44,8) y el tercer factor de riesgo fue recibir algún tratamiento (QT, RT o QT + RT) RM de 15,2 (0,77-29,9). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro estudio observamos una tasa muy baja de NVPO y fue posible demostrar que la pre-medicación previa al evento quirúrgico en pacientes con cáncer de mama disminuye de manera significativa la presencia y control de náusea y vómito post operatorio mejorando el confort durante su estancia hospitalaria y su egreso inmediato. Es necesario realizar estudios que profundicen en estos hallazgos en nuestra población y permitan discriminar en un diseño experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal la efectividad del tratamiento farmacológico de las NVPO.

Dysphagia Incidence after Outpatient Anterior Cervical Surgery Using Instrumentation versus No Instrumentation / Incidencia de la disfagia tras la cirugía cervical anterior ambulatoria con instrumentación y sin instrumentación

ABSTRACT Objective: Dysphagia is a relatively common occurrence in the postoperative period following anterior cervical surgery, with some indicating rates as high as 79%. In most cases, it remains only a transient phenomenon. The cause has been debated, with most speculating injury to nerves in the swallowing mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of instrumentation during anterior cervical surgery in the outpatient setting would affect the incidence, duration and severity of dysphagia. Methods: We did a retrospective review of the medical records of 50 consecutive patients who had undergone single-level instrumented anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Then we compared that group with our control group of 50 patients who had had simple single-level anterior cervical discectomy without instrumentation or fusion. The patients were evaluated for the presence of dysphagia as well as neck disability index outcome scores. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in postoperative neck disability index outcomes at the two-year follow-up (p = 0.182). Dysphagia occurred only in the instrumented group, with an incidence of 12% (six patients): their symptoms lasted on average three weeks, and all six patients experienced only mild severity on the Bazaz-Yoo scale. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.012). Conclusion: There was a greater trend towards postoperative dysphagia in cases with instrumentation (12% of the patients). Dysphagia was transient with mild severity in patients who received instrumentation compared with those who underwent discectomy alone.

RESUMEN Objetivo: La disfagia es una ocurrencia relativamente común en el período postoperatorio después de la cirugía cervical anterior, con algunas tasas indicadoras tan altas como 79%. En la mayoría de los casos, sigue siendo sólo un fenómeno transitorio. Su causa ha sido discutida, atribuyéndose principalmente a una lesión en los nervios del mecanismo de deglución. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la presencia de la instrumentación durante la cirugía cervical anterior en el contexto ambulatorio afectaría la incidencia, duración y severidad de la disfagia. Métodos: Realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de 50 pacientes consecutivos que habían tenido discectomía y fusión cervical anterior con instrumentación a un solo nivel. Entonces comparamos ese grupo con nuestro grupo de control de 50 pacientes a quienes se les había practicado una discectomía cervical anterior a un solo nivel simple sin instrumentación o fusión. Los pacientes fueron evaluados con respecto a la presencia de disfagia, así como en relación con las puntuaciones del resultado del índice de la discapacidad cervical. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a los resultados del índice de discapacidad cervical postoperatorio en el seguimiento de dos años (p = 0.182). La disfagia se produjo sólo en los grupos con instrumentación, con una incidencia de 12% (seis pacientes): sus síntomas duraron un promedio de tres semanas, y los seis pacientes experimentaron toda una severidad leve en la escala de Bazaz-Yoo. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos grupos (p = 0.012). Conclusión: Hubo una mayor tendencia a la disfagia postoperatoria en los casos con instrumentación (12% de los pacientes). La disfagia fue transitoria con severidad leve en los pacientes que recibieron instrumentación, comparada con la de los que experimentaron discectomía solamente.

Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con cirugía ambulatoria de enfermedades anorectales / Nursing interventions in patients with anorectal diseases outpatient surgery

RESUMEN Introducción: En la cirugía ambulatoria, el paciente es operado y enviado el mismo día a su hogar, es decir, requiere poco tiempo de estadía hospitalaria después del procedimiento. Una unidad de cirugía ambulatoria en coloproctología precisa, además de cirujanos coloproctólogos expertos, de una atención de enfermería de calidad, con amplio conocimiento de las principales intervenciones que se deben realizar a los pacientes. Objetivo: Sistematizar las principales intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con cirugía ambulatoria de enfermedades anorectales. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática para realizar análisis crítico reflexivo del contenido artículos originales y de revisión publicados entre 1997 y 2015 en español portugués e inglés. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos Medline y SciELO de enero a marzo de 2016, las palabras clave utilizadas fueron "cirugía ambulatoria", "intervenciones de enfermería". Tras la identificación de los estudios pre-seleccionados se llevó a cabo la lectura de los títulos, resumen y palabras clave, comprobando la pertinencia con el estudio. Conclusiones: Se potencializa la responsabilidad profesional implícita en el acto del cuidado y se adquiere conocimiento de las enfermedades anorectales más frecuentes, para realizar con calidad y seguridad las intervenciones de enfermería(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Outpatient surgery the patient is operated on the same day and sent home, ie, requires little time of hospital stay after the procedure. An ambulatory surgery unit in coloproctology accurate, as well as experts colorectal surgeons, a nursing care quality, with extensive knowledge of the main interventions to be performed by patients. Objective: To systematize the main nursing interventions in patients with anorectal diseases outpatient surgery. Methods: Systematic literature review for thoughtful critical analysis of original content and review articles published between 1997 and 2015 in Portuguese and English Spanish. The search was conducted in Medline and SciELO bases January to March 2016 data, the keywords used were "ambulatory surgery", "nursing interventions". Following the identification of pre-selected studies he carried out reading the titles, abstract and keywords, checking the relevance to the study. Conclusions: It potentiates professional liability implicit in the act of care and knowledge of the most common anorectal disease is acquired, for quality and safety of nursing interventions(AU)

Cirugía ambulatoria: ¿qué hacer en el período posoperatorio? desde el término de la cirugía hasta el control domiciliario / Outpatient surgery: what to do in the postoperative period? from the end of surgery to home surveillance

La recuperación posoperatoria, el control y apoyo posalta son esenciales en el éxito de la cirugía ambulatoria. El proceso de recuperación posoperatoria se divide en recuperación Fase I y Fase II, en las cuales se utilizan criterios clínicos predefinidos para decidir si un paciente puede ser trasladado a la fase siguiente o ser dado de alta al domicilio, respectivamente. Al momento del alta, las indicaciones posoperatorias se entregan por escrito y el paciente debe estar acompañado por un adulto. Después del alta, se realiza un seguimiento del paciente durante los primeros días, habitualmente a través de llamado telefónico, evaluando parámetros clínicos predefinidos. La evaluación de resultados en cirugía ambulatoria se realiza a través de indicadores específicos, tales como retardo del alta, hospitalización no programada y rehospitalización posalta.

Postoperative recovery and post discharge surveillance and support are essential in outpatient surgery success. The postoperative recovery process is divided into Phase I and Phase II, in which predefined clinical criteria are used to decide whether a patient can be moved to the next phase or be discharged to home, respectively. At discharge, postoperative indications are given in writing and an adult must accompany the patient. After discharge, the patient is monitored during the first few days, usually through a telephone call and predefined clinical parameters are evaluated. Outpatient surgery outcome evaluation is performed through specific indicators such as prolonged postoperative stay, unanticipated hospital admission, and return to hospital and readmission.

Tratamento da dor após procedimento cirúrgico ambulatorial / Pain management after outpatient surgical procedure

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O controle adequado da dor pós-operatória é um item importante para qualquer procedimento cirúrgico ambulatorial. O objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar os analgésicos e técnicas que são utilizadas para o tratamento da dor nesse tipo de procedimento. CONTEÚDO: Foram abordados os fatores associados com a intensidade da dor pós-operatória, os parâmetros que devem ser considerados para uma operação ambulatorial, os principais tratamentos empregados para alívio da dor e as particularidades de alguns procedimentos cirúrgicos. CONCLUSÃO: O controle eficiente da dor é fundamental em operações ambulatoriais e visa não somente o conforto, mas também a redução de complicações e a reabilitação precoce do paciente. A analgesia multimodal oferece benefícios, porém o tratamento deve ser individualizado uma vez que estão disponíveis diversos fármacos e técnicas para o alívio da dor.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adequate postoperative pain control is critical for any outpatient surgical procedure. This study aimed at evaluating analgesics and techniques used to manage pain of this type of procedure. CONTENTS: Factors associated to postoperative pain intensity, parameters to be considered for outpatient surgeries, major management techniques for pain relief and the uniqueness of some surgical procedures were addressed. CONCLUSION: Effective pain control is critical for outpatient surgeries and is aimed not only at comfort but also at decreasing complications and early rehabilitation of patients. Multimodal analgesia is beneficial, but management has to be tailored since there are several drugs and techniques for pain relief.

Anesthesia of a dental patient with Angelman syndrome: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Angelman syndrome is characterized by a partial deficit of paired autosomal chromosome 15, which contains a subunit of the GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) receptor. Many drugs that act on the CNS (Central Nerve System) during anesthesia are believed to exert their effects via the GABA receptors. We describe the anesthesia of a 7 year-old female patient with Angelman syndrome who underwent surgery for dental caries. The basic factors that needed to be considered when administering anesthesia to this patient were epilepsy, significant dominance of the vagal tone, craniofacial abnormalities and peripheral muscular atrophy. Inhalational anesthetics (sevoflurane) were employed for this patient. The patient had an uneventful peri-operative period and was discharged home on the same day of the operation.

Anesthesia of a dental patient with Angelman syndrome: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Angelman syndrome is characterized by a partial deficit of paired autosomal chromosome 15, which contains a subunit of the GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) receptor. Many drugs that act on the CNS (Central Nerve System) during anesthesia are believed to exert their effects via the GABA receptors. We describe the anesthesia of a 7 year-old female patient with Angelman syndrome who underwent surgery for dental caries. The basic factors that needed to be considered when administering anesthesia to this patient were epilepsy, significant dominance of the vagal tone, craniofacial abnormalities and peripheral muscular atrophy. Inhalational anesthetics (sevoflurane) were employed for this patient. The patient had an uneventful peri-operative period and was discharged home on the same day of the operation.

Cirugía ambulatoria del hallux valgus / Ambulatory surgery for the treatment of hallux valgus

Prospective short and medium term study about the outpatient surgery result of the hallux valgus in 43 feet (37 patients), with a 14 months average follow up (5-29), utilizing Chevron osteotomy for those with < 15° IM angle and proximal in crescente dome osteotomy for > 15° IM angle, plus a distal soft tissue procedure. Results were analized according the AOFAS score and K. Johnson subjective satisfaction scale, angles correction, walk staring point time, consolidation time and complications rate. An increment of the mean AOFAS score from 29 to 30 points was obtained, with an 85 percent of satisfaction without repairs, a mean correction of 19° for the HV angle and 6° for the IM angle. The proximal osteotomy delayed one more week aprox. in consolidating and walk starting from the distal one. A global 15 percent of complications were registered, most of them minors, which did not had any influences in the score and final satisfaction. The study shows satisfactory results in short and medium term for both osteotomies and validates the hallux valgus outpatient surgery as an efficient alternative to solve this pathology in the public health system, where orthopaedic surgery is in many occasions delayed because the great traumatological surgeries demand.

Estudio prospectivo a corto y mediano plazo sobre el resultado de la cirugía ambulatoria del hallux valgus en 43 pies (37 pacientes), con un seguimiento medio de 14 meses (5-29), utilizando osteotomía en Chevron para ángulos IM < 15° y en cúpula proximal para IM > 15°, más procedimiento sobre partes blandas. Se analizaron resultados según escala AOFAS y de satisfacción subjetiva de K. Johnson, corrección de ángulos, tiempo de inicio de marcha, tiempo de consolidación y complicaciones. Se obtuvo un incremento del puntaje medio AOFAS de 29 a 93 puntos, con un 85 por ciento de satisfacción sin reparos, una corrección media de 19° para el HV y de 6° para el IM. La osteotomía proximal demoró aprox una semana más en consolidar y en inicio de marcha que la distal. Se registró un 15 por ciento de complicaciones, la mayoría menores, que no influyeron en el puntaje y satisfacción final. El estudio muestra resultados satisfactorios a corto y mediano plazo para ambas osteotomías y valida la cirugía ambulatoria del hallux valgus como una alternativa eficaz para resolver esta patología en el sistema público de salud, donde la cirugía ortopédica muchas veces es postergada por la gran demanda de cirugías traumatológicas.

The Effects of Preoperative Vaginal Misoprostol on Gastric Contents / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaginal misoprostol for operative hysteroscopy on preoperative gastric contents and the risk of acid aspiration pneumonitis. METHODS: Sixty-five patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy who received prophylactic vaginal misoprostol 200 microgram were assigned to the misoprostol group, and sixty-five gynecologic patients without premedication were assigned to the control group. After preoxygenation, a 14-F multiorifice nasogastric tube was inserted for direct aspiration under target-controlled propofol sedation. RESULTS: The mean pH value of gastric fluid was significantly higher in the misoprostol group (2.7 +/- 1.0) than the control group (1.9 +/- 0.7). The mean aspirated volume was (ml) 15.3 +/- 7.4 in the misoprostol group and 16.8 +/- 6.9 in the control group (P > 0.05). There were significantly less patients at high-risk (gastric fluid volumes > 25 ml and pH < 2.5) in the misoprostol group (8/65, 12.3%) than in the control group (18/65, 27.7%). Prophylactic vaginal misoprostol increases the preoperative gastric pH and reduces the number of at high-risk of acid aspiration pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, vaginal misoprostol for outpatient hysteroscopy may have preventive effect on the acid aspiration pneumonitis.