Honokiol attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting hepatic CYP1A2 activity and improving liver mitochondrial dysfunction / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a common cause of liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of honokiol (Hon) against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 mice were administrated with Hon (10 and 30 mg/kg) after APAP (300 mg/kg) treatment. On 1.5 h and 5 h after Hon treatment, mice were sacrificed. Serum and liver were collected. And then, liver injury-related indexes, APAP metabolism-related indexes, mitochondrial respiratory chain function-related indexes, and mitochondrial membrane function-related protein expression were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#It was found that Hon significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion, increased hepatic catalase (CAT) and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, reduced hepatic MDA and 3-nitrotyrosine contents, inhibited hepatic CYP1A2 activity and APAP protein adducts (APAP-CYS) formation. Meanwhile, oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV in mitochondrial respiratory chain was increased, whereas the release of H2O2 in the mitochondria was decreased following Hon treatment. Furthermore, Hon markedly down-regulated p-JNK in both cytosol and mitochondria, and obviously inhibited the release of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) from mitochondria to cytosol.@*CONCLUSION@#Hon alleviated APAP-induced liver injury through the following pathways: Reducing the production of APAP-CYS by inhibiting CYP1A2 activity; Ameliorating hepatic oxidative stress by increasing the levels of hepatic CAT, GSH-Px and GSH; Improving mitochondrial respiratory chain function by promoting oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV; Improving the function of mitochondrial membrane by inhibiting p-JNK and its translocation to mitochondria, thereby reducing the release of AIF and EndoG.

Is Serum Antioxidant Status Impaired in Pregnant Women at High Risk for Carrying a Down Syndrome-affected Fetus?

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the oxidant/antioxidant status in serum samples from pregnant women above the threshold for Down syndrome (DS) risk, according to the quadruple test. Methods: Thirty maternal serum samples that were above the threshold for DS risk (study group) were chosen from pregnant women whose quadruple tests were studied at Ankara University Ibni Sina Hospital Central Laboratory. They were matched with the control group consisting of 30 pregnant women whose DS risk were below threshold. Malondialdehyde level, glutathione peroxidase and non-enzymatic superoxide radical scavenger activities (NSSAs) were analyzed in the study and control groups. Results: It was found that NSSA was significantly decreased in the study group as compared to the control group (p = 0.006). Malondialdehyde levels had a tendency to increase with gestational week in both groups (p = 0.042 in the study group and p < 0.001 in the control group). Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in pregnant women that were above the threshold for DS risk, as compared to the control group. In the context of these results, dietary antioxidant supplementation might be a useful approach during early gestation, especially around the time of conception, possibly to prevent bearing a DS fetus.

Study on the Effects of Atractylodes macrocephala Ethanol Extract on Life Span of Caenorhabditis elegans and Its Mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of Atractylodes macrocephala ethanol extract （AM） on life span of Caenorhabditis elegans（called N 2 nematode for short ），and to investigate its mechanism based on transcription factor SKN- 1/ nuclear factor E 2 related factor 2（Nrf2）. METHODS ：N2 nematode were divided into blank control group ，positive control group （100 μ mol/L curcumin，similarly hereinafter ），AM low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （100，200，300 μ g/mL， similarly hereinafter ）. The effects of AM on the life span （by average survival time ）of N 2 nematode under normal condition and oxidant stress condition （40 mmol/L H 2O2）as well as its effects on reproductive capability （by the number of filial generation ）of N2 nematode under normal condition were investigated . 700 μmol/L H2O2 was used to establish neuroblastoma cells N 2a oxidant stress model. Effects of positive control ，low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose of AM on the survival rate of model cells were detected by MTT method. After human embryonic renalepithelial cells 293T were transfected with Nrf 2-ARE plasmid ， the effects of positive control and AM on luciferase activity of Nrf2-ARE were detected by luciferase reporter gene method at low，medium and high dose for 24 h and at medium dose for 12，18 and 24 h. RT-PCR was used to detect the effects ofpositive control ，low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose of AM on the mRNA expression of downstream genes NQO- 1 and HO- 1 of Nrf 2 in N 2a cells as well as mRN A expression of en@hactcm.edu.cn downstream genes GCS- 1，GST-7，GST-10，HSP-60，HSP- 16.2 and SOD- 3 of SKN- 1 in N 2 nematode. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，average survival time of N 2 nematode under normal and oxidant stress condition was significantly prolonged in positive control group and AM groups ；the number of filial generation on the first day （except for AM high-dose group ），the number of filial generation on the second day （except for AM low-dose group ） and the total number of filial generation （except for AM low-dose group ） were increased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The survival rate of N 2a cells in positive control group ，AM medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly higher than that of model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with blank control group ，Nrf2-ARE luciferase relative activity of 293T cells in positive control group and AM groups as well as Nrf 2-ARE luciferase relative activity of 293T cells in AM medium-dose group after different time of treatment were increased significantly （P＜0.01），in dose-dependent and time-dependent trend. Compared with blank control group ，mRNA relative expression of HO- 1 and NQO- 1（except for positive control group ），GCS-1（except for AM low-dose group ），GST-7（except for positive control group and AM low-dose group ）， GST-10 and HSP- 60（except for AM low-dose group ），HSP-16.2（except for positive control group and AM low-dose group ）and SOD-3 （except for positive control group and AM low-dose group ） were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：AM can prolong the life span of N 2 nematode under normal and oxidant stress condition and improve the its reproductive capacity ，the mechanism of which may be associated with the activation of SKN- 1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Protective effect of fluoxetine against hypoxia induced injury on PC12 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the protective effect of fluoxetine against hypoxia induced injury on PC12 cells. Methods PC12 cells were randomly divided into control group, hypoxia group, and fluoxetine hydrochloride group. The last two groups were put into a hypoxic culture chamber for 18 hours, the cell state was observed under inverted microscope, and cell viability was detected using CCK-8 assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated by DCFH-DA. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) in cell culture supernatant were evaluated by enzyme labeling method. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. Results Compared with normal group, hypoxia caused obvious damage to PC12 cells. Fluoxetine hydrochloride at 10

Study on Improvement Effects and Mechanism of Astragalus complanatus Total Flavonoids on Reproductive Dysfunction Model Male Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To stu dy the improvement effects of Astragalus complanatus total flavonoids （TFA） on adenine-induced reproductive dysfunction model male rats and its mechanism. METHODS ：Male SD rats were divided into blank group，model group ，positive group （Wuzhi yanzong pill ，2 g/kg），TFA high-dose，medium-dose and low-dose groups （0.05， 0.1，0.2 g/kg），with 12 rats in each group. Male rats in each group were given the corresponding drugs intragastrically at 9：00 a.m. every day ，while the model of reproductive dysfunction was reproduced by intragastric administration of adenine suspension （except for blank group ）at 3：00 p.m. on the same day ，for consecutive 35 days. After medication ，male rats in each group were mated with female rats by ratio of 1∶1 in cages ；7 days later ，inducing-pregnancy rate of male rats were measured. ELISA assay was used to detect the serum levels of T ，E2，FSH，LH，GSH-Px，SOD，MDA，Scr and BUN in male rats ；the testis ， epididymis，seminal vesicle ，thymus and kidney of male rats were extracted and the organ index was calculated ；HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of testis ，epididymis and kidney ；the protein expression of Bcl- 2，Bax，Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the renal tissue of male rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，the inducing-pregnancy rate of male rats ，the testis ，epididymis，seminal vesicle gland ，thymus indexes ，the serum levels of T ，E2， SOD and GSH-Px ，the protein expression levels of Bcl- 2 in renal tissue were reduced significantly in model group （P＜0.01）；the renal index ，the serum levels of FSH ，LH，MDA，Scr and BUN ，the protein expression levels of Bax ，Caspase-3 and Caspase- 9 in renal tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.01）；the diameter of seminiferous tubules in testis became thinner ，the spacing was wider ，and the arrangement of seminiferous cells was disordered ；the wall of epididymis was thickened ，the arrangement was loose，the stroma was enlarged ，the lumen was proliferated and atrophied ，and the sperm in the lumen wass aggregated ；in renal tissue，interstitial fibers was proliferated ，and a large number of yellow crystals were seen in renal tubules. Compared with model group，the inducing-pregnancy rate，the testis ，epididymis，seminal vesicle gland ，thymus indexes ，the serum levels of T ，E2， SOD and GSH-Px ，the protein expression levels of Bcl- 2 in renal tissue of male rats were increased significantly in the positive group，TFA medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the renal index ，the serum levels of FSH ，LH， MDA，Scr and BUN ，the protein expression levels of Bax ，Caspase-3 and Caspase- 9 in renal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；there was the same chage trend and most with significant difference in above indexes of TFA low-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the pathalogic changes of testis ，epididymis and renal tissue were improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS：TFA can significantly improve adenine-induced reproductive dysfunction model male rats. The mechanism may be associated with reducing hormone FSH and LH level ，the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in renal tissue ，while increasing the level of hormone T and E 2 and improving oxidant stress level.

The role of oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease around the world, and its incidence rate is increasing year by year. Oxidative stress is the second hit in the classic “two-hit” pathogenesis of NAFLD, which is currently recognized as one of the pathogeneses of NAFLD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a group of positive regulators that protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress. It is a key factor for cellular anti-oxidative stress and a key transcription factor that antagonizes liver oxidative stress. It plays an important role in the development and progression of NAFLD and may be a potential treatment target for improving NAFLD. This article reviews the role of oxidative stress and the Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Effects of moxibustion at 45 ℃ on blood lipoids and serum level of ox-LDL and NO in rats with hyperlipidemia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of moxibustion at different temperatures (38 ℃ and 45 ℃) on blood lipoids and serum level of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and nitric oxide (NO) in rats with hyperlipidemia, and to explore the correlation between regulating blood fat and anti-oxidative stress and protection of vascular endothelium of moxibustion at 45 ℃.@*METHODS@#According to random number table, 60 SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion at 38 ℃ group and a moxibustion at 45 ℃ group, 15 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group received no treatment; the rats in the remaining three groups were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare rat models of hyperlipidemia. After successful modeling, the rats in the model group received no treatment; the rats in the moxibustion at 38 ℃ group and moxibustion at 45 ℃ group were treated with moxibustion at "Shenque" (CV 8) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), and the temperature was controlled at (38±1) ℃ and (45±1) ℃, respectively. The moxibustion was given for 10 min at each acupoint, once every two days, and totally 4-week treatment was given. After treatment, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by using biochemical colorimetric method; the levels of ox-LDL and NO were measured by using ELISA method.@*RESULTS@#① Compared with the normal group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in the model group (all 0.05). ② Compared with the normal group, the level of ox-LDL was increased but that of NO was decreased in the model group (both <0.01); compared with the model group and moxibustion at 38 ℃ group, the level of ox-LDL was decreased but that of NO was increased in the moxibustion at 45 ℃ group (<0.01, <0.05); compared with the model group, the level of ox-LDL was decreased but that of NO was increased in the moxibustion at 38 ℃ group (both <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion at 45 ℃ has regulating effects on blood lipid in rats with hyperlipidemia, which can regulate blood lipid through various ways, such as anti-oxidative stress and protection of vascular endothelium.

Neuroprotective Effects of Low-molecular-weight Chondroitin Sulfate on Dopaminergic Neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson ’s Disease Model Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To observe neuroprotective effects of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate （CS） on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease （PD） mice model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP）. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group， MPTP injury group， low-molecular-weight CS low-dose and high-dose groups （100， 400 mg/kg）. Control group and MPTP injury group were given constant volume of normal saline intragstrically， administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 17 d. Since 11th day after medication， except for control group， other groups were given MPTP solution （20 mg/kg） intraperitoneally to induce PD model， once a day， consecutive 5 d. After last medication， behavioral changes of mice （10 mice in each group） were evaluated by rotary rod fatigue tester. The damage of dopamine neurons （the percentage of TH positive cell and the percentage of fluorescence intensity） in substantia nigra of mice （3 mice in each group） was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The content of dopamine in striatum was determined by HPLC （6 mice in each group）. The changes of oxidant stress indexes （SOD， GSH-Px， MDA） in substantia nigra of mice were determined by chemical colorimetry （6 mice in each group）. RESULTS： Compared with control group， retention time of mice on rotating rods was shortened significantly in MPTP injury group； TH positive cells of substantia nigra were decreased significantly， fluorescence intensity was obviously weakened； the percentage of positive cells and fluorescence intensity， the content of dopamine in striatum， the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in substantia nigra were decreased significantly， while the content of MDA was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with MPTP injury group， retention time of mice on the rotating rods was prolonged significantly in low-molecular-weight CS groups， the number of TH positive cells was increased significantly in substantia nigra and fluorescence intensity was increased significantly； the percentage of positive cells， the percentage of fluorescence intensity and the content of dopamine in striatum were increased significantly， while above indexes of high-dose group were significantly longer or higher than those of low-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in substantia nigra were increased significantly in low-molecular-weight CS groups， while the content of MDA in substantia nigra was decreased significantly in low-molecular-weight CS high-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Prophylactic administration of low-molecular-weight CS can relieve the damage of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of PD model mice induced by MPTP in a dose-dependent manner， and increase the secretion of dopamine in striatum. The effect may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the enhancement of antioxidant capacity of tissues.

Improvement Effects of Water Extract of Astragalus membranaceus on Chronic Renal Failure Model Rats and Its Effects on MAPK Signaling Pathway / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the improvement effects of water extract of Astragalus membranaceus on chronic renal failure （CRF） model rats and its effects on MAPK signaling pathway， and to investigate possible mechanism. METHODS： Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group （10 rats） and model group （50 rats）. CRF model was established by intragastric administration of 25％ Adenine suspension 200 mg/kg （once a day， for consecutive 28 d）. After modeling， modeling group was randomly divided into model group， benazepril group （positive control， 2 mg/kg）， A. membranaceus water extract low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1.5， 3， 6 g/kg，by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 28 d. Twelve hours after last medication， the contents of serum renal function indexes （serum creatinine， urea nitrogen， uric acid） were determined by colorimetry. ELISA method was used to detect the levels of serum inflammatory factors （IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α）. The activity or content of oxidative stress related indexes （SOD， CAT and MDA）in renal tissue of rats were determined by hydroxylamine method， visible spectrophotometry method and thiobarbituric acid method. The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related factors （Bax， Bcl-2， Caspase-3） in renal tissue， MAPK signaling pathway-related regulatory protein p38 MAPK， phosphorylated p38 MAPK（p-p38 MAPK）， ERK1/2， phosphorylated ERK1/2 （p-ERK1/2）， JNK and phosphorylated JNK （p-JNK） were determined by real- time PCR and Western blotting assay. RESULTS： Compared with control group， the contents of renal function indexes and the levels of inflammatory factors in serum， MDA content， mRNA expression ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 （Bax/Bcl-2）， mRNA related expression of Caspase-3， related expression of phosphorylation product of MAPK signaling pathway-related regulatory proteins （p-p38 MAPK， p-JNK， p-ERK1/2） in renal tissue were increased significantly in model group， while the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased significantly in renal tissue （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the contents of renal function indexes and the levels of inflammatory factors in serum， Bax/Bcl-2， related expression of phosphorylation product of MAPK signaling pathway-related regulatory proteins in renal tissue were decreased significantly in administration groups as well as MDA content and mRNA related expression of Caspase-3 were decreased significantly in benazepril group and A. membranaceus water extract medium-dose and high-dose groups； the activities of SOD and CAT in renal tissue were increased significantly in benazepril group and A. membranaceus water extract medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. MDA content and Bax/Bcl-2 of benazepril group were significantly lower than those of A. membranaceus water extract high-dose group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： A. membranaceus water extract has a certain improvement effect on CRF model rats， and inhibit its inflammatory reaction， oxidant stress and cell apoptosis， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the expression of MAPK signaling pathway-related regulatory proteins.

Study on Improvement Effects of Ethanol Extract of the Root of Anacyclus pyrethrum on Cough Variant Asthma Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To observe the improvement effects of ethanol extract of the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum （EEAP） on cough variant asthma （CVA） model rats. METHODS： Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， prednisone acetate group （positive control， 250 mg/kg）， EEAP low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （160， 320， 640 mg/kg， by the weight of EEAP）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for control group， other group was given 1 mg/mL ovalbumin （OVA）-Freunds adjuvant complete solution subcutaneously， and aerosol inhalation of 1％ OVA-normal saline （once a day， 20 min each time， 15 d） to induce CVA. After last inhalation， control group and model group were given constant volume of water intragastrically； administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 30 d. General symptoms of rats were observed in each group during experiment. The airway sensitivity of rats in each group was investigated by capsaicin cough provocation test， and the cough times were recorded. The contents of SOD and TNF-α in serum were determined by ELISA. The morphological characteristics of lung tissue were observed by HE staining. The number of eosinophils and leucocytes in alveolar lavage fluid was recorded by Rayleigh staining. RESULTS： Rats in the control group breathed smoothly， responded quickly and had glossy coat. The rest of the groups showed restlessness， cough， shortness of breath and other symptoms after antigen stimulation. Compared with control group， the congestion and edema of bronchial wall and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue were observed in model group； the cough times increased significantly； serum content of TNF-α， eosinophil and leukocyte counts in alveolar lavage fluid increased significantly， and serum content of SOD decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. After treatment， above symptoms of rats were alleviated to varying degrees in administration groups， and the cough times were significantly reduced； the serum contents of TNF-α as well as eosinophil and leukocyte counts in alveolar lavage fluid were significantly reduced； the serum contents of SOD was increased significantly， but the cough times of EEAP groups were significantly higher than that of prednisone acetate group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： EEAP may show the anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic effects by inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α， increasing the content of SOD and inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration.

Effects of methylglyoxal on oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in HK-2 cells / 医学研究生学报

Objective Methylglyoxal can cause the injury of human proximal tubular epithelial cell line(HK-2 cells),but the exact mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the influence of oxidative stress and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in HK-2 cells induced by methylglyoxal. Methods HK-2 cells at logarithmic phase were divided into six groups:control group and 100,200,400,800,1600 μmol/L methylglyoxal groups (cells were cultured in 100,200,400,800,1600 μmol/L methylg-lyoxal concentration for 24 h). Superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were assayed by thibabituric acid method. Release of lactate dehydro-genase(LDH)activity was detected by assay kit.ROS production was measured by DCFH-DA staining. The expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1β and NF-κB were evaluated by western blot. Results Compared with control group,different methylglyoxal concen-trations could enhance ROS level and LDH activity in HK-2 cells(P<0.05)and reduce SOD level significantly(P<0.05). The results of western blot showed the protein levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1β and NF-κB were significant up-regulated after the addition of methylglyoxal(P<0.05). Conclusion Methylglyoxal may induce the injury of HK-2 cells by oxidant stress and activating of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.

Effects of L-carnitine on Inflammatory Factor,Oxidative Stress Index and Cardiac Function of Mainte-nance Hemodialysis Patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of L-carnitine on inflammatory factor,oxidant stress index and cardiac func-tion in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS:One hundred and twenty maintenance hemodialysis patients selected from our hospital during Dec. 2014-Feb. 2016 were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 60 cases in each group. Control group received maintenance hemodialysis for 1 month,and then was given rhEPO injection 3000 IU subcuta-neously,3 times a week. Observation group was additionally given Levocarnitine for injection 2 g,iv,qod,1 day after hemodialy-sis,on the basis of control group. Two groups were treated for consecutive 3 months. The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α,CRP),oxidant stress indexes(MDA,GSH-Px,SOD)and cardiac function indexes(CO,LVEF,LVST)were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment;the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in in-flammatory factor,oxidant stress index and cardiac fuaction before treatment between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the lev-els of IL-6,TNF-α,CRP and MDA in observation group were decreased significantly,while the levels of GSH-Px,SOD,CO and LVEF were increased significantly,compared to before treatment;the improvement of above indexes in observation group were sig-nificantly better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups during treat-ment. CONCLUSIONS:L-carnitine can effectively alleviate the micro-inflammatory state in maintenance hemodialysis patients and protect myocardial function with good safety.

Effect of lipoxin A4 on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidant stress in human renal tubular epithelial cells and possible mechanisms / 实用医学杂志

Objective The study aimed to investigate the effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?induced oxidant stress in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2 cells) and possible underlying mecha?nisms. MethodsHK2 cells were divided into three groups: Control ,LPS and LPS+LXA4 groups. After cells were treated with indicated conditions,morphological changes were observed. The expressions of Nrf2 were detected by immunofluorescence and cells were collected for RT?PCR experiments.Results HK2 cells seemed disrupted and necrotic with the administration of LPS. However ,LXA4 could prevent cells from injury induced by LPS. LPS decreased Nrf2 expression and promoted it to translocate to cytoplasm ,while LXA4 could increase its expression and promote it to translocate to nucleus. Moreover ,LPS could decrease Nrf2 and its downstream molecule mRNA expressions,but LXA4 could reverse this effect. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that LXA4 effectively inhibit?ed HK2 cell oxidant stress via Nrf2 pathway.

Updated nuclear export mechanism and significance of Nrf2 / 医学研究生学报

Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)is a member of C′n′C transcription factor family.It is an important transcrip-tion factor for regulation of cellular redox status and can be seen in all kinds of tissues .Recent studies have demonstrated that rapid deg-radation of Nrf2 after gene-induced antioxidative stress is as important as transcription and activation of Nrf 2 and the nuclear export of Nrf2 is a prerequisite for rapid degradation of Nrf2 in the cytosol.This review focuses on the mechanism of nuclear export of Nrf 2.

Research progress of microRNA in mitochondrial dysfunction of children with sepsis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory respond syndrome and autoimmunity injury caused by pathogenic microorganism or any other immunogenicity.Mitochondria,an important organelle,which has an essential role in cellular growth,metabolism,occurrence and development of disease by generating ATP following the oxidative phosphorylation from glycolysis.There had been some progresses on the research of sepsis in several decades.A number of studies had shown that the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction was related to the eventual outcome of sepsis.microRNA are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene and bio-protein expression,and then adjust mitochondrial oxidative stress,has important influence on the process of sepsis and prognosis.Here,a current review of how microRNA impinge on mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis was performed.

Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on liver ischemiareperfusion (IR) in mice and the possible mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group, control group (mice were injected with 5 ml/kg saline by tail vein just before ischemia induction) and hydrogen-rich saline group (mice were injected with 5 ml/kg hydrogen-rich saline). Six hour after reperfusion, the mice were sacrificed and the serum and liver samples undergoing IR injury were collected. The ALT and AST levels in serum were determined and liver histiological damage was also evaluated with Suziki's criteria. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver samples were measured using specific kits. The infiltration of F4/80 positive macrophage cells was detected by using immunohistochemistry and that of neutrophils with myeloperoxidase (MPO) kits. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1 and IP-10 was assayed by using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The activation of transcription factor NF-κB was measured by using Western botting analysis. Results As compared with control group, at the 6th h following reperfusion, mice in hydrogen-rich saline group exhibited lower levels of ALT and AST (P＜0. 05) in serum, milder histological damage (P＜0. 01) and less MDA contents in liver samples (P＜0. 01). The infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6,ICAM-1 and IP-10 in the liver tissue in hydrogen-rich saline group were reduced as compared with IR group (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01). The activation of NF-κB in hydrogen-rich saline group was significantly down-regulated as compared with control group. Conclusion Injection of hydrogen-rich saline via the tail vein can alleviate liver IR injury probably by inhibiting oxidant stress and inflammatory response induced by reperfusion.

Effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenol on blood antioxydant status in rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes

The diabetic patients are usually suffered from oxidation stress. Green tea is one of the good herbal medicines has been used for treatment of some diseases. Objectives: Evaluate change of antioxidant status in blood and effect of the green tea polyphenol on this change in the experimental diabetic rats. Methods: Using in vivo model to investigate some biological indicators in STZ - induced diabetic rats fed with high fat diet and to evaluate effect of the green tea polyphenol on the changes of these indicators. Results: Erythrocyte GPx activity and serum MDA concentration in STZ - induced diabetic rats was higher than that of normal and lipid metabolism disorder groups (p < 0.001) and effected of the green tea polyphenol. However, no change in erythrocyte SOD activity and plasma TAS level was observed. Conclusions: Green tea polyphenol improved blood antioxidant status in STZ - induced diabetic rats.

Multiple mechanisms mediates the inhibitory effect of siduqing on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute renal injury in mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms by which siduqing, a Chinese medicine, protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute renal dysfunction. METHODS: Mice were divided randomly into control, LPS, siduqing treatment and siduqing groups, and treated intragastrically with siduqing at a dose of (1 000) g/L (0.2 (mL/10 g) body weight) or distilled water (0.2 (mL/10) g body weight) twice a day for 3 days, LPS (30 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally on day 3, followed by intragastrical administration with siduqing at a dose of (1 000) g/L (0.2 (mL/10 g) body weight) or distilled water (0.2 (mL/10 g) body weight). Blood was collected for determining urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) contents, renal tissue for examining superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure changes in kidney, and RT-PCR was performed to detect renal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA expression. RESULTS: LPS significantly increased serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) contents, and produced an obvious pathological change in renal ultrastructure, which were significantly attenuated by siduqing treatment. Moreover, siduqing treatment increased renal SOD activity, also markedly suppressed an increase in renal MDA production and ICAM-1 mRNA expression induced by LPS. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that siduqing protects against LPS-induced acute renal injury through inhibiting ICAM-1 mRNA expression, enhancing renal SOD activity and attenuating oxidant stress.