ABSTRACT
O presente artigo trata de uma revisão de literatura que objetiva compreender os significados atribuídos ao Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) por beneficiárias(os) a partir de narrativas presentes em produções científicas. Para tanto, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico no Portal de Periódicos CAPES, no período de junho e agosto de 2018. Selecionamos 35 artigos que apresentavam discussões sobre narrativas de sujeitos vinculados ao PBF. Observamos nessas narrativas uma pluralidade discursiva quanto às potencialidades e aos limites do Programa em torno de cinco pontos: a) Usos do benefício; b) Titularidade feminina e relações familiares; c) Condicionalidades e acesso a serviços públicos; d) Dinâmica trabalho/emprego; e) Portas de saída. Acreditamos que esta pesquisa auxilia na construção de reflexões que visam a ampliação e/ou aperfeiçoamento do Programa, um debate que se enquadra no campo da psicologia social e política interessada em pensar o papel das políticas públicas no enfretamento às desigualdades sociais brasileiras. (AU)
The article deals with a literature review that aims to understand the meanings attributed to the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) by beneficiaries, based on narratives present in scientific productions. To this end, we carried out a bibliographic survey on the "Portal de Periódicos CAPES" between june and august 2018. We selected 35 articles that presented discussions about the narratives of beneficiaries. We observed in these narratives a discursive plurality regarding the potential and limits of the Program around five points: a) Uses of the PBF benefit; b) Female ownership and family relationships; c) Conditionalities and access to public services; d) Work/employment dynamics; e) "Exit doors". We believe that this research helps to build reflections aimed at expanding and/or improving the Program. This debate is localized in the field of social and political psychology interested in thinking about the role of public policies in addressing Brazilian social inequalities. (AU)
El presente artículo se trata de una revisión de literatura que tiene como objetivo comprender los significados atribuidos al Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) por beneficiarios(as) desde las narrativas presentes en producciones científicas. Para eso, realizamos un levantamiento bibliográfico en la Entrada de Periódicos CAPES, en el periodo de junio a agosto de 2018. Elegimos 35 artículos que presentaban discusiones acerca de las narrativas de sujetos registrados en el PBF. Observamos en ellas una pluralidad discursiva cuánto a las potencialidades y a los límites del Programa alrededor de cinco puntos: a) Usos del beneficio; b) Titularidad femenina y las relaciones familiares; c) Condiciones y el acceso a los servicios públicos; d) Dinámica trabajo/empleo; e) Portales de salida. Creemos que esta investigación auxilia en la construcción de reflexiones que visan la ampliación y/o la optimización del Programa, un debate que se encuadra en el campo de la psicología social y política interesada en pensar el papel de las políticas públicas en la confrontación a las desigualdades sociales brasileñas. (AU)
Subject(s)
Poverty , Public Policy , Social ProgramsABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta as conclusões de uma pesquisa que interroga as repercussões de uma política pública brasileira de inclusão social nos modos de subjetivação de mulheres beneficiárias. A metodologia de base qualitativa consistiu na análise crítica do discurso obtido dos relatos de seis mulheres beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) habitantes do contexto rural da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. A fundamentação teórica privilegia o enfoque da governamentalidade e as críticas feministas ao PBF. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que normas sociais são incorporadas nas subjetividades das mulheres enquanto "mães pobres lutadoras". Concluiu-se que o PBF exerce uma função reforçadora de modos de subjetivação hegemônicos da sociedade neoliberal. Apesar das vantagens e mudanças produzidas pelo PBF, as mulheres beneficiárias enfrentam uma situação de inclusão social fragilizada, condição característica da pobreza nas sociedades capitalistas.
This article presents the conclusions of a research that questions the repercussions of a Brazilian public policy of social inclusion in the modes of subjectivation of beneficiary women. The qualitative methodology consisted of the critical analysis of the discourse obtained from the reports of six women beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF), habitants of the rural context of the Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. The theoretical foundation favors the focus of governmentality and feminist critiques of the PBF. The results obtained confirm that social norms are incorporated in the subjectivities of women as "poor fighter mothers". It was concluded that the PBF exerts a reinforcing function of hegemonic subjectivation modes of neoliberal society. Despite the advantages and changes produced by the PBF, women beneficiaries face a situation of fragile social inclusion, a characteristic condition of poverty in capitalist societies.
Este artículo presenta las conclusiones de una investigación que interroga las repercuciones de una política pública brasileña de inclusión social em los modos de subjetivación de mujeres beneficiarias. La metodología de base cualitativa consistió em el análisis crítico del discurso obtenido de los relatos de seis mujeres beneficiarias del Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) habitantes del contexto rural de la Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. La fundamentación teórica privilegia el enfoque de la gubernamentalidad y las críticas feministas al PBF. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que normas sociales son incorporadas em las subjetividades de las mujeres em cuanto "madres pobres luchadoras". Se concluye que el PBF ejerce una función reforzadora de modos de subjetivación hegemónicos de la sociedad neoliberal. A pesar de las ventajas y cambios produzidos por el PBF, las mujeres beneficiarias enfrentan una situación de inclusión social fragilizada, condición característica de la pobreza em las sociedades capitalistas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Poverty/psychology , Women/psychology , Rural Areas , Social Programs/policies , Public Policy , Brazil , Interview , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Objective: To study the clinical reference pulpal blood flow(PBF) values detected by laser doppler flowmetry(LDF) in healthy young population and to analyze their possible affected factors. Methods: Undergraduate students at the age of 17-23 years were enrolled. PBF of 12-22 were detected by LDF based on the standard procedure. Difference of the test results between different sex was analyzed by T test and variance homogeneity test, and the correlation with age was analyzed by the chi-square test, and the difference between the different teeth was analyzed by the random group analysis. Results: 400 students(250 males and 150 females with the average age of 19. 83 years) met the inclusion criteria. The clinical reference values of PBF of different anterior teeth were obtained by the detection of LDF. For the same tooth, PBF values of females were higher than that of males (P＜ 0. 05). PBF values of different ages shared no statistical significance(P＞ 0. 05). For the same gender, PBF values of middle incisor were higher than that of lateral incisors(P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: The determination of the clinical reference values of PBF detected by LDF may promote the clinical use of this technology.
ABSTRACT
Abstracts: Background & Aim: Hematopoietic system is another organ seriously affected by tuberculosis. The hematological changes sometimes act as useful factors providing a clue to diagnosis, assessing the prognosis, indicating the complication of underlying infection as well as therapy and response to therapy. Aim is to study the various hematological parameters in Z-N positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methodology & Results: Present study was conducted on hematological parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the department of Pathology in MM institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala. The study was conducted for a period of one year from March 2013 to march 2014. Total numbers of 80 subjects were selected of Z-N positive and changes were compared with normal hematological parameters. The testing protocol was followed in the hospital laboratory. Result: showed decreased values of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) while increased value observed in total leukocyte count (TLC), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and platelet count. Anemia noticed in 59% patients, including mild, moderate and severe. In peripheral blood film examination, microcytic hypochromic blood picture was most common. Conclusion: Various hematological abnormalities have been demonstrated in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. These all parameters can be used as indicator in assessment of response to therapy.
ABSTRACT
Performance-based incentives (PBIs) aim to counteract weak providers’ performance in health systems of many developing countries by providing rewards that are directly linked to better health outcomes for mothers and their newborns. Translating funding into better health requires many actions by a large number of people. The actions span from community to the national level. While different forms of PBIs are being implemented in a number of countries to improve health outcomes, there has not been a systematic review of the evidence of their impact on the health of mothers and newborns. This paper analyzes and synthesizes the available evidence from published studies on the impact of supply-side PBIs on the quantity and quality of health services for mothers and newborns. This paper reviews evidence from published and grey literature that spans PBI for public-sector facilities, PBI in social insurance reforms, and PBI in NGO contracting. Some initiatives focus on safe deliveries, and others reward a broader package of results that include deliveries. The Evidence Review Team that focused on supply-side incentives for the US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives, reviewed published research reports and papers and added studies from additional grey literature that were deemed relevant. After collecting and reviewing 17 documents, nine studies were included in this review, three of which used before-after designs; four included comparison or control groups; one applied econometric methods to a five-year time series; and one reported results from a large-scale impact evaluation with randomly-assigned intervention and control facilities. The available evidence suggests that incentives that reward providers for institutional deliveries result in an increase in the number of institutional deliveries. There is some evidence that the content of antenatal care can improve with PBI. We found no direct evidence on the impact of PBI on neonatal health services or on mortality of mothers and newborns, although intention of the study was not to document impact on mortality. A number of studies describe approaches to rewarding quality as well as increases in the quantities of services provided, although how quality is defined and monitored is not always clear. Because incentives exist in all health systems, considering how to align the incentives of the many health workers and their supervisors so that they focus efforts on achieving health goals for mothers and newborns is critical if the health system is to perform more effectively and efficiently. A wide range of PBI models is being developed and tested, and there is still much to learn about what works best. Future studies should include a larger focus on rewarding quality and measuring its impact. Finally, more qualitative research to better understand PBI implementation and how various incentive models function in different settings is needed to help practitioners refine and improve their programmes.
ABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa objetivou mapear Dissertações e Teses sobre o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) disponíveis no Banco de Teses da Capes. A busca e seleção resultaram em 166 trabalhos entre os anos de 2004-2009. Os resumos foram analisados e categorizados em: 1) Publicação de Dissertações e Teses por nível acadêmico e ano; 2) Área, palavras-chave e método das Dissertações e Teses; 3) Enfoque de investigação nas regiões do Brasil; e 4) Conteúdo temático por nível acadêmico. Observou-se que 75,9% das pesquisas eram compostas de Dissertações de Mestrado acadêmico, sendo um tema de interesse para diversas áreas do Conhecimento. A maioria dos trabalhos (81,3%) utilizou o enfoque empírico. O Nordeste foi a região brasileira mais investigada (45,3%). Houve predominância (33,6%) de pesquisas que não apontavam efeitos positivos ou negativos conclusivos do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Conclui-se que não há um consenso na literatura investigada sobre a consolidação do PBF como estratégia de combate à pobreza...
This research aimed to review dissertations and theses about Bolsa Família Program (BFP) available at Capes theses database. The search and selection resulted in 166 studies between the years 2004-2009. The abstracts were analyzed and categorized into: 1) Publication of dissertations and theses by academic level and year, 2) Field, keywords, and method of dissertations and theses, 3) Focus research in the regions of Brazil, and 4) Thematic content by academic level. It was observed that 75.9% of studies were of academic dissertations, being subject of interest to several fields of knowledge. Most studies (81.3%) used the empirical approach. The Northeast region of Brazil was the most investigated (45.3%). There waspredominance (33.6%) of research that did not indicate conclusive positiveor negative effects of the BFP. We conclude that there is no consensus in the literature investigated about the consolidation of the BFP as a strategy tocombat poverty...
Subject(s)
Humans , Economic Development , Poverty , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Prevalence of an obese population has been increasing in Korea. Obesity is considered a major risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases. Specifically, prevalence of obesity is prominent for adult woman in Korea. In many weight control programs, weight change did not often show any beneficial effects for health. These facts discourage people in the program. Thus in this study, the anthropometry, blood pressure, serum biochemical indices and dietary habits were compared by percent body fat change for adult women to show the beneficial effects of the weight control program. Study subjects were 134. Measurements were done before and after the weight control program. Percent Body Fat (PBF) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Using PBF changes, subjects were grouped as I (more than 1% increase), M (+/- 1% change), and D (more than 1% decrease). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Among the 134 participants, 13 increased their weight and 100 decreased. For PBF, 19 increased and 59 decreased. Statistical significant differences were shown for anthropometric assessments before and after for all weight, fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. I had increases, and D shows decreases. But the difference of D is large than M. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose decreased in all groups but were statistically significant only in D. Also triglyceride decreased in D (p < 0.05). Thus health conditions showed desirable changes in I Subject(s)
Adult
, Female
, Humans
, Adipose Tissue
, Anthropometry
, Blood Glucose
, Blood Pressure
, Body Mass Index
, Community Health Centers
, Electric Impedance
, Fasting
, Feeding Behavior
, Korea
, Obesity
, Prevalence
, Risk Factors
, Triglycerides
, Waist-Hip Ratio