Arthroscopic fixation of chronic bicruciate tibial avulsion fractures: A case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

A cruciate ligament avulsion is a much less common form of injury than a cruciate ligament tear. Simultaneous tibial avulsion fractures of both cruciate ligaments occur even more rarely. Over the last decades, many studies have described arthroscopic fixation of acute cruciate tibial avulsion fractures, but arthroscopic treatment in a late presenting patient has not been reported in the literature. This case report presents a 32-year-old female with a chronic tibial avulsion fracture of both anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament. Simultaneous fixation of both fractures was performed arthroscopically at week four post-injury. At one year of follow-up, the patient had demonstrated full knee range of motion and stable knee with no complaints, and achieved excellent clinical outcomes. Radiographs showed union of both fractures, and the patient had resumed high-impact exercises.

Psicopatia e crime: são todos os homicidas psicopatas? / Psychopathy and crime: are all murderers psychopaths? / Psicopatía y crimen: ¿son todos los asesinos son psicópatas?

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a incidência de psicopatia dentre os homicidas encarcerados, com a hipótese de que há maior incidência média de psicopatas em relação a toda população carcerária. Além disso, buscou-se avaliar se há uma correlação positiva e significativa entre o índice de psicopatia demonstrado por meio do Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) e a quantidade de qualificadores do homicídio pelo qual os sujeitos estão encarcerados. Participaram do estudo 45 detentos, do sexo masculino, acima de 20 anos, que estavam cumprindo pena pelo crime de homicídio. Foram utilizadas três fontes para a coleta de dados: Questionário Sociodemográfico e Criminal, o PCL-R e Fichas Criminais dos detentos. Os resultados demonstraram que poucos homicidas atingem altos escores e podem ser considerados como psicopatas (F = 7, 15,6%). Ademais, foi verificado uma tendência para o aumento na quantidade de qualificadores do homicídio à medida que os indivíduos marcam uma maior pontuação geral no PCL-R.(AU)

The present study aimed to evaluate the rate of psychopathy among incarcerated murderers, following the hypothesis that murderers are more likely to be psychopaths when compared to the general prison population. Furthermore, we sought to assess whether there is a positive and significant correlation between the psychopathy index, demonstrated through the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R), and the number of homicide qualifiers for which the subjects were incarcerated. The study included 45 male inmates, over 20 years of age, who were incarcerated for murder. Three data sources were used: Sociodemographic and Criminal Questionnaire, PCL-R and the criminal records of the detainees. The results showed that only a few murderers achieved scores high enough to be considered psychopaths (F= 7, 15.6%). Furthermore, there was a trend towards an increase in the number of homicide qualifiers as individuals scored a higher overall score in the PCL-R.(AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de psicopatía entre los asesinos encarcelados, con la hipótesis de que hay una mayor incidencia media de psicópatas con relación a toda la población carcelaria. Además, se buscó evaluar si hay una correlación positiva y significativa entre el índice de psicopatía demostrado a través del Psychopathy Checklinst - Revised (PCL-R) y la cantidad de calificadores de homicidio por los que los sujetos están encarcelados. En el estudio participaron 45 reclusos varones, mayores de 20 años, que cumplían condena por el delito de homicidio. Fueron utilizadas tres fuentes para la colecta de datos: Cuestionario Sociodemográfico y Delictivo, el PCL-R y los Antecedentes Penales de los internos. Los resultados mostraron que pocos asesinos alcanzan puntuaciones elevadas y pueden ser considerados psicópatas (F=7, 15,6%). Además, hubo una tendencia a que la cantidad de calificadores de homicidio aumentara a medida que los individuos puntuaban más alto en la PCL-R.(AU)

Influence of posttraumatic blood pressure variability on post-traumatic stress disorder / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the relationship between blood pressure variability (BPV) and incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients.Methods:Patients admitted to the department of emergency medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University for acute trauma from January 2018 to December 2021 were enrolled. The clinical data and blood pressure at admission (T1), 10 minutes before anesthesia (T2), 60 minutes after surgery (T3), and 24 hours after surgery (T4) were collected. Coefficient of variation of blood pressure variation [CV-BP, including coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure (CV-SBP), coefficient of variation of diastolic blood pressure (CV-DBP), coefficient of variation of mean arterial pressure (CV-MAP)] and its quartile were calculated. Patients were divided into Q1 group (CV-MAP ≤ 7.27), Q2 group (7.27 < CV-MAP ≤ 9.50), Q3 group (9.50 < CV-MAP ≤ 14.05) and Q4 group (CV-MAP > 14.05) according to CV-MAP quartile. The PTSD symptoms of the patients were evaluated using the PTSD scale (PCL-5) one month later, and the patients were divided into the PTSD group and the non-PTSD group according to whether PCL-5 score higher than 38. Then the differences of the above indicators were compared and analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between each index and PCL-5 score; the risk factors of PTSD were analyzed by univariate binary Logistic regression. Variables with P < 0.05 were included in the multivariate binary Logistic regression model. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of CV-MAP on the incidence of PTSD. Results:A total of 112 patients were enrolled, including 24 in PTSD group and 88 in non-PTSD group. Compared with non-PTSD group, the proportion of women, T1 shock index, proportion of intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion in PTSD group was higher. Besides, PTSD group also had longer PT, more intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, and lower postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level (all P < 0.05). The T1 SBP, DBP, MAP and T4 MAP of patients in PTSD group were significantly lower than those in non-PTSD group [T1 SBP (mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 105.0 (86.3, 121.3) vs. 122.0 (112.0, 132.8), T1 DBP (mmHg): 62.5 (50.0, 77.3) vs. 76.0 (68.5, 82.8), T1 MAP (mmHg): 77.8 (60.4, 91.3) vs. 93.3 (82.5, 99.0), T4 MAP (mmHg): 83.8±9.1 vs. 88.7±10.4, all P < 0.05], CV-SBP, CV-DBP and CV-MAP were higher than those in the non-PTSD group [CV-SBP: 12.80 (10.12, 19.16) vs. 9.30 (6.07, 12.95), CV-DBP: 16.62±6.47 vs. 12.40±5.61, CV-MAP: 14.10 (9.25, 18.85) vs. 8.90 (6.93, 13.29), all P < 0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between CV-MAP and PCL-5 scores in patients with acute trauma ( r = 0.429, P < 0.001); multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that only CV-MAP [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.128, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.015-1.254, P = 0.025] and CV-DBP ( OR = 1.114, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.016-1.221, P = 0.022) was the risk factor for PTSD in acute trauma patients. Compared with Q1 group, Q4 group was significantly more likely to develop PTSD ( OR = 18.6, 95% CI was 1.9-179.1, P = 0.012). CV-SBP, CV-DBP and CV-MAP had certain predictive value on PTSD diagnosis in patients with acute trauma according to ROC curve analysis results [area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.713, 0.682 and 0.726, respectively], among which CV-MAP has the highest predictive value. When the cut-off value of CV-MAP was 12.158, the sensitivity was 75.0% and the specificity was 69.3%. Conclusion:Higher BPV after trauma is a risk factor for PTSD. Maintaining stable blood pressure in trauma patients is of great significance for prevention and treatment of PTSD.

The long-circulating effect of pegylated nanoparticles revisited via simultaneous monitoring of both the drug payloads and nanocarriers

The long-circulating effect is revisited by simultaneous monitoring of the drug payloads and nanocarriers following intravenous administration of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded methoxy polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (mPEG-PCL) nanoparticles. Comparison of the kinetic profiles of both DOX and nanocarriers verifies the long-circulating effect, though of limited degree, as a result of pegylation. The nanocarrier profiles display fast clearance from the blood despite dense PEG decoration; DOX is cleared faster than the nanocarriers. The nanocarriers circulate longer than DOX in the blood, suggesting possible leakage of DOX from the nanocarriers. Hepatic accumulation is the highest among all organs and tissues investigated, which however is reversely proportionate to blood circulation time. Pegylation and reduction in particle size prove to extend circulation of drug nanocarriers in the blood with simultaneous decrease in uptake by various organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system. It is concluded that the long-circulating effect of mPEG-PCL nanoparticles is reconfirmed by monitoring of either DOX or the nanocarriers, but the faster clearance of DOX suggests possible leakage of a fraction of the payloads. The findings of this study are of potential translational significance in design of nanocarriers towards optimization of both therapeutic and toxic effects.

Ensaio sobre a psicologia jurídica: uso e consequências sociais do PCL-R / Essay on legal psychology: use and social consequences of the PCL-R / Ensayo sobre psicología jurídica: uso y consecuencias sociales de la PCL-R

Este trabalho tem por objetivo problematizar o agenciamento entre a psicologia e o aparelho judiciário. Para tanto, tomamos a escala Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) - criada por Robert Hare para avaliar e mensurar a psicopatia - como um acontecimento analisador. Realizamos uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que fez uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental como estratégias metodológicas. Os dados produzidos foram analisados à luz das obras de Foucault e de autores da criminologia crítica. Pensamos a psicologia e o aparelho judiciário como marcados por lógicas normativas que produzem práticas de controle sobre os modos de existir. Por este viés, ao se agenciar com dispositivos do sistema penal, determinadas práticas psi podem instrumentalizar os artefatos de controle e repressão. Em nosso percurso de pesquisa, realizamos uma revisão de literatura da produção acadêmica brasileira relativa à utilização da escala no país (2005-2018). Partindo da análise das publicações encontradas constatou-se que a maioria das pesquisas enfatizam as propriedades psicométricas da escala e reforçam a sua eficácia em predizer a reincidência criminal. Ademais, verificou-se que as publicações levantadas não analisam as implicações ético-políticas da aplicação da escala na execução penal, assim como não consideram a instituição prisional como produtora e mantenedora da delinquência. Por fim, questionamos se a escala PCL-R seria utilizada como mais um dispositivo de controle e gestão da vida das populações que são alvo do sistema penal brasileiro.(AU)

This essay aims to problematize the agency between Psychology and the court system. For this purpose, we take the Psychopathy Checklist Revised scale (PCL-R ) - created by Robert Hare to assess and measure psychopathy - as an analyzer event. We conducted a qualitative research that used bibliographic and documentary research as methodological strategies. The data produced were analyzed considering the works of Foucault and authors of critical criminology. We think psychology and the judiciary as marked by normative logics that produce control practices over the ways of existence. By this perspective, when used with devices of the penal system, certain psychological practices instrumentalize the artifacts of control and repression. In our research course, we conducted a literature review of the Brazilian academic production related to use of the scale in the country (2005-2018). Based on the analysis of the publications found, most studies emphasize the psychometric properties of the scale and reinforce its alleged effectiveness in predicting criminal recidivism. Moreover, we verified that the publications do not analyze the ethical-political implications that applying the scale produces in criminal execution, and disregards the prison institution as a producer of delinquency. Finally, we questioned if the PCL-R scale was used more as a device for controlling and administering the lives of populations that are targets of the prison system.(AU)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo problematizar la agencia entre la psicología y el poder judicial. Para eso, tomamos la Escala Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R), creada por Robert Hare para evaluar y medir la psicopatía, como un "evento analítico". Realizamos una investigación cualitativa que hizo uso de la investigación bibliográfica y documental como estrategias metodológicas. Los datos producidos se analizaron a raíz de los trabajos de Foucault y autores de criminología crítica. Pensamos en la psicología y en el poder judicial como marcados por lógicas normativas que producen prácticas de control sobre las formas de existir. Debido a este sesgo, cuando se trata con dispositivos del sistema penal, ciertas prácticas "psi" instrumentalizan los artefactos de control y represión. En nuestro camino de investigación, realizamos una revisión de la literatura de la producción académica brasileña con respecto al uso de la escala en el país (2005-2018). Según el análisis de las publicaciones encontradas, se descubrió que la mayoría de los estudios enfatizan las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala y refuerzan su efectividad para predecir la recurrencia criminal. Además, se encontró que las publicaciones planteadas no analizaron las implicaciones ético-políticas que la aplicación de la Escala produce en la ejecución criminal, ni consideraron a la institución penitenciaria como productora y mantenedora de la delincuencia. Finalmente, nos preguntamos si la Escala PCL-R se usaría como otro dispositivo para controlar y administrar las vidas de las poblaciones que son objetivo del sistema penal brasileño.(AU)

Research Status of Endothelialization of Poly （ε-caprolactone） Small-Caliber Vascular Graft Implanted in Animals / 医用生物力学

The most serious problem facing the implantation of vascular graft in the body is the formation of blood clots. In order to solve this problem, various attempts have been made by the scientific community for many years. However, endothelialization is the fundamental method to solve thrombosis and keep vascular graft open for a long time. Poly （ε-caprolactone） (PCL) has the advantages of biodegradability, low cost and good mechanical properties. In recent years, it has been widely used as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug deliverys and so on. This article mainly reviews the endothelialization of small-caliber vascular graft based on PCL after implanted in different animal models, as well as the endothelialization of the same animal model but under different implantation conditions, and trying to find the reasons why small-caliber vascular grafts are still not ideal in clinical applications at different angles such as the different animal models and the different way about endothelialization, and provide references for future animal model selection.

Understanding the use of polycaprolactone in East Asian Structural Rhinoplasty: Questions and Answers

@#Surgery as an art in rhinoplasty involves grafting techniques wherein materials (usually autologous) are taken from the septum and supplemented by conchal cartilage. However, not all noses have adequate cartilage material. The quest for materials as possible replacement for human tissue have led to invention of synthetic (e.g. silicone, e-PTFE, porous polyethelene) and non-synthetic products (e.g. processed homograft and xenograft). In this era of advanced medical science, tissue engineering has started the use polycaprolactone (PCL) as a template and scaffold for tissue growth. Because of this characteristic feature, PCL as a mesh has a significant role in structural rhinoplasty.

Vitimização e psicopatia em autores de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes / Victimization and psychopathy in authors of sexual violence against children and adolescents / Victimización y psicopatía en autores de delitos sexuales contra niños y adolescentes

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a vitimização em autores de violência sexual (AVS) contra crianças e adolescentes, assim como sua relação com traços de psicopatia. Participaram 30 reeducandos cumprindo pena em regime fechado por crimes sexuais contra crianças e adolescentes, que foram divididos em dois grupos: G1, AVS considerados psicopatas (PCL-R ≥ 30); G2, AVS não psicopatas (PCL-R < 30). Os instrumentos utilizados no estudo foram: Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) e Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva e comparativa por meio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Os resultados apontaram que participantes do G1 sofreram mais vitimizações durante a vida do que os participantes do G2. AU

The aim of the present study was to investigate psychopathy traits in offenders that committed sexual offences against children and adolescents, as well as their relationship with life experiences of victimization. The study consisted of 30 inmates serving prison sentences for sexual crimes against children and adolescents, who were divided into two groups: G1, composed of inmates considered psychopathic (PCL-R ≥30); and G2, composed of inmates considered non-psychopathic (PCL-R <30). The results showed significant differences between the groups in relation to recidivism, escape and rebellion, showing that the psychopathic inmates were more undisciplined and more likely to reoffend than the non-psychopaths. In addition, there were indications that the G1 participants had suffered more victimization during their lives than those of the other group.AU

El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la victimización en agresores sexuales (AS) contra niños y adolescentes, así como su relación con rasgos de psicopatía. En el estudio participaron 30 reclusos cumpliendo condena en régimen cerrado por delitos sexuales contra niños y adolescentes, los reclusos fueron divididos en dos grupos: G1, AS considerados psicópatas (PCL-R ≥ 30); G2, AS no psicópatas (PCL-R <30). Los instrumentos utilizados en el estudio fueron: Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R), y Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y comparativa mediante el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Los resultados señalaron que los participantes del G1 sufrieron más victimizaciones durante su vida que los participantes del G2. AU

Mitochondrial targeting function of norcantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles promotes apoptosis of liver tumor cells / 中草药

Objective: To prepare norcantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles and study its release in vitro, intracellular transport and promoting effect on hepatoma cell apoptosis. Methods: Thin film hydration method was used to prepare norcantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles, and the particle size, electric potential and microscopic electron microscopy morphological analysis were measured. At the same time, the nanomicelles were evaluated for stability, in vitro release, pharmacokinetics and critical micelle concentration. Coumarin-6 was used as a fluorescent probe to evaluate the uptake of TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles in liver tumor cells, lysosomal escape and mitochondrial targeting function; Under the same dosage conditions, the effect of norcantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles on promoting apoptosis of liver tumor cells was evaluated. Results: The cantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles had a particle size of (16.8 ± 0.2) nm, a Zeta potential of (14.3 ± 0.2) mV, and transmission electron microscopy images showed that nanomicelles had a regular spherical shape. The fluorescence test results showed that TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles can promote the cellular uptake of drugs, escape lysosomal capture, and finally target aggregation at the mitochondrial site; Cell survival rate and Hoechst staining results showed that cantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles had a good effect on promoting apoptosis of liver tumor cells. Norcantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles can significantly reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, increase intracellular ROS levels, increase pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and reduce resistance. The expression of apoptotic proteins Bax and these pro-apoptotic related experimental results are significantly better than those of norcantharidin PEG-PCL nanomicelles and norcantharidin, which have statistical significance. Conclusion: Norcantharidin TPP-PEG-PCL nanomicelles have good liver tumor cell mitochondrial targeting and promote tumor cell apoptosis, and it is a potentially effective drug delivery system for targeting tumor cell mitochondria.

Treatment of acute avulsion of posterior cruciate ligament of left knee with bony fragment by Siddha Varmam therapy and traditional bone setting method

A 42-year-old man with the complaints of left knee swelling, severe pain, difficult to stand was reportedto Siddha Varmam division after a road accident. He was diagnosed as acute avulsion of Posterior cruciateligament (PCL). It was diagnosed based on the history of trauma, knee pain and swelling after trauma,positive posterior drawer test and avulsion fracture shown by radiograph. He was treated with SiddhaVarmam therapy and traditional bone setting. After a month of treatment, the PCL avulsion fracture gothealed without any surgical interventions and patient able to walk normally. This case report summarises the novel Siddha Varmam therapy and traditional bone setting treatments for acute avulsion of PCLwith bony fragment.© 2018 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Structural equation modeling of psychopathic traits in Chilean female offenders using the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) Scale: a comparison of gender-based item modifications versus standard items

Objective: To examine the utility of the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathic traits in female offenders and to test gender-based item modifications. Method: A South American sample of female offenders (n=210) was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R); 110 subjects also completed the standard SRP-SF, while 109 completed a version with items rewritten to be more relevant for females. The underlying latent structure of the PCL-R and both versions of the SRP-SF were examined. Results: Most of the modified items showed higher average item responses. The PCL-R showed a stronger association with the modified SRP-SF than with the standard SRP-SF. The four-factor model showed very good fit in accounting for the PCL-R data, consistent with previous research. For both SRP-SF versions, the results indicated good model fit. Structural equation models were tested separately, in which a superordinate SRP-SF factor was set to predict a broad factor reflecting chronic misconduct. Both versions showed good model fit, and the SRP-SF superordinate factor significantly predicted a chronic misconduct factor. Conclusions: Both versions of the SRP-SF adequately reflected psychopathic features in this female sample; the modified items added robustness to representation of these features.

Adaptación de la Lista Checable de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático para DSM-5 en Población Mexicana / Adaptation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 in Mexican Population

Resumen La Lista Checable de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (PCL) ha sido una de las escalas más aplicadas en el ámbito clínico, misma que ha sido adaptada recientemente a los criterios del DSM-5 (PCL-5). Considerando la problemática que representa el TEPT en la población y los cambios recientes propuestos en el DSM-5, resulta importante contar con escalas validadas en México con base a los nuevos criterios diagnósticos descritos. El presente trabajo describe las propiedades psicométricas para la validación en población mexicana de la PCL-5, donde se contó con 204 estudiantes universitarios del sistema abierto de la UNAM, de 18 a 59 años, reclutados a través de una plataforma virtual. Los resultados mostraron una adecuada consistencia interna (.97), así como una validez convergente apropiada (rs = .58 a .88). A su vez, se realizaron distintos análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios donde se obtuvieron ajustes adecuados a los modelos planteados en el DSM-5 y estudios previos de la escala original. Se concluye que la escala es válida y confiable en población mexicana, lo que la convierte en el único instrumento adaptado al DSM-5 para la evaluación del TEPT en dicho contexto. Sin embargo, se recomiendan estudios adicionales con un mayor control sobre distintos tipos de trauma para mejor descripción del constructo.

Abstract The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) has been one of the most applied scales in the clinical field, which has been recently adapted to the DSM-5 criteria (PCL-5). Considering the problems posed by PTSD in the population and the recent changes proposed in the DSM-5, it is important to have validated scales in Mexican population based on the new diagnostic criteria described. The present work describes the psychometric properties for the validation in Mexican population of the PCL-5, where 204 students from open and distance learning university between 18 and 59 years old participated, recruited through a virtual platform. The results showed an adequate internal consistency (.97), as well as an appropriate convergent validity (rs=.58 to .88). At the same time, different exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, where appropriate adjustments to the models proposed in the DSM-5 and previous studies of the original scale were obtained. We conclude that the scale is valid and reliable in the Mexican population, which makes it the only instrument adapted to the DSM-5 for the evaluation of PTSD in this context. However, additional studies with greater control over different types of trauma are recommended for a better description of the construct.

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of pH-sensitive charge-reversal nanoparticles loaded with curcumin / 中草药

Objective: To prepare charge-reversal pH-sensitive nanoparticles loaded with curcumin (PCE/Cur NPs), and investigate the optimizing technology, physicochemical characterizations, and inhibitory effect on B16 cell. Methods: The β-carboxyl amidized cationic MPEG-PCL-PEI polymers (PCE) were negatively charged, which were prepared into the negative PCE/Cur NPs with pH dependence. When pH > 7, there was no charge-reversal. When pH < 6, the β-carboxyl amides were hydrolyzed rapidly into corresponding amines. As a result, PCE/Cur NPs became positively charged again. The obtained PCE/Cur NPs were characterized by detection of particle size, morphology study, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and release study. The effect of anti-migratory and anti-invasive actions of PCE/Cur NPs on B16 cell was investigated using MTT assays and wound healing test. Results: PCE/Cur NPs dependent on pH charge inversion were successfully prepared. The obtained PCE/Cur NPs were round, and the size was uniform, the adhesion was not found. The Results: showed that the prepared PCE/Cur NPs had the highest DL (8.0 ± 1.0)%, EE (90.0 ± 2.0)%, mean particle size of (80 ± 5) nm, and zeta potential of (-35 ± 5) mV. Within 48 h, the accumulative release rate was (69.2 ± 5.2)% (pH 7.4) and (71.2 ± 4.3)% (pH 5), respectively, and then PCE/Cur NPs released slowly. These Results: by MTT assay and wound healing assay indicated that PCE/Cur NPs not only inhibited the proliferation of B16 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, but also can induce apoptosis. Conclusion: PCE/Cur NPs were prepared successfully, which might have great potential application in drug delivery system.

Preparation, characterization and biological test of biodegradable composite tissue engineering scaffold / 国际药学研究杂志

We report fabrication of electro-spun polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin and PCL–gelatin scaffolds in tissue engineering based applications. The structural characterizations were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the fabricated scaffolds. Pure PCL and gelatin scaffolds showed 3D nano−fibrous porous structures at 20 wt. % and 30 wt. %, respectively. PCL−gelatin scaffold at 70:30 vol. % showed good fibrous morphology without any structural discontinuities such as polymer beads, droplet formation and uneven fibers. Cellular activities such as cell adhesion and growth on scaffold surfaces were performed with F11 human fibroblast cells via MTT assay. Cell viability study showed that PCL−gelatin scaffold significantly improved the cell adhesion and proliferation when compared to pure gelatin and PCL scaffolds. Thus, the PCL−gelatin scaffold reported in our work has major prospective in the area of wound dressings, treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, implants and transdermal drug delivery.

The PUTRA Press-fit System as An Alternative Femoral Fixation Technique for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction – A Technical Note and Outcome Evaluation

Abstract@#We describe our technique of single-bundle PCL reconstruction using a bony femoral press-fit system. 9 patients underwent PCL reconstruction using our pressfit system. The surgical procedure is described in detail. Post-operatively, 5 patients were available for assessment and review. Four patients gave a final Lysholm score of 92 – 100%. Three patients gave a Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score of excellent, one fair and one poor. Two patients gave a reduced Tegner activity score post-operatively while the other three gave a similar score post-operatively. Assessment using KT-1000 revealed four patients with a side-to-side difference of less than 3 mm (average side-to-side difference, 1.87 mm), while one patient exhibited a side-to-side difference of 5.8 mm. We believe that our technique enhances tunnel healing through usage of a bone-plug fixation and provides a cheap alternative for graft fixation on the femoral side in PCL reconstruction.

Effects of Hydrophobic Structure of Amphiphilic Polymers on the Activity of P-glycoprotein in MDCK-MDR1 Cell / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of the amphiphilic block polymers, which have the same hydrophilic block with the different hydrophobic block, on the function of P-glycoprotein(P-gp). METHODS: The three different micelles were prepared by film dispersion method. The particle sizes and distributions were measured by dynamic light scattering. Critical micelle concentrations(CMC) were detected by fluorescence probe technique with the pyrene. Rhodamine 123, a specific probe substrate of P-gp, was applied to determine the effects of polymers on the function of P-gp using uptake and efflux method. RESULTS: The particle sizes of mPEG-PCL, mPEG-PDLLA, mPEG-PLGA were (55.9±0.2), (53.7±1.1) and (61.6±0.6)nm. The CMC values were 2.08, 5.42 and 26.4 μg·mL-1. R123 accumulation in Madin-Darby canine kidney/multidrug resistance 1(MDCK-MDR1)cell detected by uptake assay increased to a maximum in the presence of polymers at concentrations of 250 μg·mL-1 for mPEG-PCL, 1~25 μg·mL-1 for mPEG-PDLLA and mPEG-PLGA. In efflux assay, mPEG-PCL, mPEG-PDLLA, mPEG-PLGA decreased the percentage of efflux of R123 at concentrations above the CMC, below/at the CMC or below the CMC respectively, showed the similar RESULTS with uptake assay. CONCLUSION: The mPEG-PCL, mPEG-PDLLA, mPEG-PLGA polymers might have a potential to inhibit the efflux activity of P-gp, which was likely related to the structures of hydrophobic segments, concentrations and existing states of the polymers.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): transcultural adaptation of the Brazilian version

Abstract Background DSM-5 introduced some modifications on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) criteria. The instruments developed for the assessment of aspects related to PTSD needed a reformulation, as was the case of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL). Objectives To present the process of transcultural adaptation of the three forms of the PCL-5 to Brazilian Portuguese, as well as its face validity. Methods The procedure involved independent translations, a synthesis version, back translation by an independent translator, evaluation by the original author, analysis by an expert committee, and a pretesting study (10 subjects with/without experience of a traumatic situation). The last two steps formed the face validity procedure. Results The synthesis version was approved by the original author and the agreement percentage by the expert committee was excellent, with only two items showing < 90%. The pretesting study showed that the Brazilian version was well understood and linguistically and culturally accepted by the participants, which did not make significant suggestions for changes. Discussion Transcultural adaptation of the PCL-5 for Brazilian Portuguese followed a rigid and standardized procedure. Therefore, after having its face validity assessed by an expert committee and by the target population, it is apt to be used.

Outcome of Isolated PCL Avulsion Fractures Treated with Cancellous Screw Fixation.

Background: Isolated PCL avulsion fractures are uncommon. The road traffic accidents (RTA), sports injuries are common causes along with domestic trauma. Methods: We conducted a prospective study with sample size of 34 patients to evaluate the outcome of isolated PCL avulsion fractures treated with cancellous cannulated screws over washers. Results: Our study included 47.06% RTA, 26.47% sports trauma and 26.47% domestic injuries. Standard Burks schaffers approach was used in all 34 cases. Delayed union was found in 5.88 % beyond 16 weeks although none needed revision or reconstruction. The delayed union was obvious in patients with comminuted fractures, which were fixed with washers on screws along with pull through sutures. All the cases were evaluated using Lysholm, IKDC and objective PDT manual examination. Conclusion: The isolated PCL avulsion fractures treated with fixation have good Lysholm and IKDC scores, although objective laxity is present in significant number of cases without subjective disability. The isolated PCL injuries have good results if managed surgically.

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of rhein-loaded PEG-PCL-PEI nanoparticles / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to synthesize the polyethyleneglycol-polycaprolactone-polyethyleneimine (PEG-PCL-PEI) three block polymer material, prepareRhein (RH)-loaded PEG-PCL-PEI nanoparticles(PPP-RH-NPS), and then evaluate their physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics in vitro. PEG-PCL-PEI polymer was obtained by adopting thering-opening polymerization and Michael addition reaction, and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed by using NMR and gel permeation chromatography. PEG-PCL-PEI was then used as the carriers to prepare PPP-RH-NPS by applying spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. The results showed that molecular weight of PEG-PCL-PEI polymer was 9.5×103, and critical micelle concentration was 0.723 mmol•L⁻¹. PPP-RH-NPS had pale yellow, opalescence faade, round and smooth without aggregation, formed of (118.3±3.6) nm in particle size with PDI of (0.19±0.08), Zeta potential of (6.3±1.5) mV, entrapment efficiency of (93.64±5.28)%, and drug loading of (8.57±0.53)%. The accumulative release percentage of PPP-RH-NPS was 75.92% in 48h, and the release profiles in PBS conformed to the Higuchi equation： Q=0.121 6t1/2+0.069 5 (R²=0.887 4), presenting slow release characteristics. Within the scope of the 0-0.05 mmol•L⁻¹, the nanoparticles had no obvious hemolysis on rabbit red blood cells and toxicity on HK-2 cells. In the investigation of uptake efficiency by flow cytometry, nanoparticles can be absorbed into cells quickly and internalized within 30 minutes fully, with a high uptake efficiency. In confocal laser scanning microscope observation, the nanoparticles can escape from lysosome into cytoplasm. Herein, this study synthesized the PEG-PCL-PEI polymer and prepared PPP-RH-NPS successfully; the nanoparticles showed uniform particle size, higher encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading rate, slow release characteristics, quick uptake and internalization, lysosome escape property and good biocompatibility. PPP-RH-NPS will be a promising pharmaceutical formulation for further development.

Phytoestrogen (Daidzein) Promotes Chondrogenic Phenotype of Human Chondrocytes in 2D and 3D Culture Systems

Clinical investigations have shown a significant relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and estrogens levels in menopausalwomen. Therefore, treatment with exogenous estrogens has been shownto decrease the risk ofOA.However, the effect estrogen has not been clearly demonstrated in the chondrocytes using phytoestrogens, which lack the specific side-effects of estrogens, may provide an alternative therapy. This study was designed to examine the possible effects of phytoestrogen (daidzein) on human chondrocyte phenotype and extracellular matrix formation. Phytoestrogens which lack the specific side-effects of estrogens may provide beneficial effect without causing hormone based side effect. Human chondrocytes cells were cultured in 2D (flask) and 3D (PCL-CA scaffold) systems. Daidzein cytotoxic effect was determined by MTT assay. Chondrocyte cellular content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), total collagen and chondrogenic gene expression were determined in both culture systems after treatment with daidzein.Daidzein showedtime-dependent and dose-independent effects on chondrocyte bioactivity.Thecompound at low doses showed significant (p0.05). The expression levels of Fibronectin, Laminin and Integrin b1were significantly increased especially in3Dculture system. This studywas illustrated the potential positive effects of daidzein onmaintenance of human chondrocyte phenotype and extracellular matrix formation suggesting an attractive and viable alternative therapy for OA.