Correlation of prolongation of PR interval with carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between prolonged PR interval and carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 537 middle-aged and elderly inpatients with T2DM in the Southern Branch of the Sixth People′s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to detect bilateral carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT). The subjects were divided into carotid atherosclerosis group(CAS group, n=352)and non-carotid atherosclerosis group(NCAS group, n=185). The difference in the PR interval of ECG between the two groups was compared. Pearson or Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for evaluating the correlation of PR interval and CAS lesions with various clinical index. The relationship between PR interval and CAS lesions was adopted by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:The average PR interval of middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM was(164.57±23.02)ms. The average PR interval in CAS group was significantly higher than that in NCAS group [(169.76±24.28) vs (154.70±16.42)ms, P<0.01]. The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum osteocalcin, and PR interval were independent factors influencing the development of CAS lesions in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM( OR=1.079, 1.936, 0.879, 1.039, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01)where each 1 ms increase in PR interval was associated with a 3.9% increase in the risk of CAS in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM( OR=1.039, 95% CI 1.006-1.073, P=0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients with PR interval≥158 ms were 4.072 times more likely to have CAS lesions than those with PR interval<158 ms( OR=4.072, 95% CI 1.417-11.702, P<0.01). Conclusion:The PR interval of electrocardiogram is correlated with CAS lesions in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM. Middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients with significantly prolonged PR interval should be reminded to screen for CAS lesions early.

Study on the change of PR interval shortening in ECG examination in different periods of pregnancy / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To research the change of PR interval shortening in ECG examination in different periods of pregnancy.@*Methods@#From March 2016 to August 2016, 616 pregnant women who underwent maternity examinations in the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo were selected in this study.According to the different gestational periods, they were divided into the early pregnancy group (198 cases), the mid-pregnancy group (232 cases) and the late pregnancy group (186 cases). And another 241 non-pregnant women who underwent health examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as controls.All pregnant and non-pregnant women were examined by electrocardiogram, and the results of electrocardiogram were analyzed.The average heart rate, the average PR interval and the shortened ratio of PR interval were compared between the two groups of women and women with different pregnancy periods, and the short PR interval distribution of women in different pregnancy periods was observed.@*Results@#The average heart rate level, PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio of pregnant women and non-pregnant women were (76.55±7.81)times/min, (0.096±0.008)s, 12.66% and (72.56±6.49)times/min, (0.138±0.014)s, 4.98%, respectively.The average heart rate and the shortening ratio of PR interval in pregnant women were significantly higher than those in non-pregnant women, while the average PR interval in pregnant women was significantly lower than that in non-pregnant women, the differences were statistically significant (t=7.565, χ2=10.879, t=52.672, all P<0.05). With the increase of pregnancy cycle, the shorter the average heart rate and PR interval of pregnant women, the shorter the average PR interval.The average heart rate, PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio in the early pregnancy group, the mid-pregnancy group and the late pregnancy group were (75.41±6.65)times/min, (0.103±0.010)s, 8.59% and (77.03±7.12)times/min, (0.095±0.009)s, 11.21% and (79.74±8.43)times/min, (0.088±0.008)s, 18.82%, respectively.There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(t=16.720, 116.440, χ2=9.791, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Pregnancy women are prone to have shorten PR interval, and its incidence increases with the increase of pregnancy cycle, but in most cases belongs to benign electrophysiological changes, and the prognosis is good without special treatment.It is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment to reduce the outcome of bad pregnancy by observing the shortening of the PR interval of electrocardiogram during the pregnancy.

Study on the change of PR interval shortening in ECG examination in different periods of pregnancy / 中国基层医药

Objective To research the change of PR interval shortening in ECG examination in different periods of pregnancy.Methods From March 2016 to August 2016,616 pregnant women who underwent maternity examinations in the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo were selected in this study.According to the different gestational periods, they were divided into the early pregnancy group ( 198 cases ), the mid -pregnancy group (232 cases) and the late pregnancy group (186 cases).And another 241 non -pregnant women who underwent health examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as controls .All pregnant and non -pregnant women were examined by electrocardiogram ,and the results of electrocardiogram were analyzed.The average heart rate,the average PR interval and the shortened ratio of PR interval were compared between the two groups of women and women with different pregnancy periods ,and the short PR interval distribution of women in different pregnancy periods was observed.Results The average heart rate level ,PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio of pregnant women and non -pregnant women were (76.55 ±7.81) times／min,(0.096 ±0.008) s,12.66% and (72.56 ± 6.49)times／min,(0.138 ±0.014) s,4.98%,respectively.The average heart rate and the shortening ratio of PR interval in pregnant women were significantly higher than those in non -pregnant women, while the average PR interval in pregnant women was significantly lower than that in non -pregnant women,the differences were statistically significant (t＝7.565,χ2 ＝10.879,t＝52.672,all P＜0.05).With the increase of pregnancy cycle ,the shorter the average heart rate and PR interval of pregnant women ,the shorter the average PR interval.The average heart rate,PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio in the early pregnancy group , the mid -pregnancy group and the late pregnancy group were (75.41 ±6.65) times／min,(0.103 ±0.010) s,8.59% and (77.03 ±7.12) times／min, (0.095 ±0.009)s,11.21%and (79.74 ±8.43) times／min,(0.088 ±0.008) s,18.82%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences among the three groups ( t ＝16.720, 116.440, χ2 ＝9.791, all P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion Pregnancy women are prone to have shorten PR interval ,and its incidence increases with the increase of pregnancy cycle,but in most cases belongs to benign electrophysiological changes ,and the prognosis is good without special treatment.It is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment to reduce the outcome of bad pregnancy by observing the shortening of the PR interval of electrocardiogram during the pregnancy .

Pregabalin and PR interval prolongation: any association?

Background: Pregabalin is a well-tolerated medication that is commonly used in the treatment of chronic pain, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, and generalized anxiety disorders. A variety of pregabalin-related cardiac side effects have been described in the literature and first-degree AV block is a well-known consequence. We aimed to investigate whether pregabalin prolongs the PR interval or not.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Shorsh Military General Teaching Hospital, Iraq. A total of 80 patients, who had a multitude of cervical and lumbosacral radiculopathies were enrolled consecutively, from November 1, 2017, to January 31, 2019. Forty patients who were receiving pregabalin (the treatment group) were age-matched and gender-matched with another group of 40 patients who hadn’t been prescribed pregabalin (the control group). A single 12-lead ECG was done in all patients and the PR interval was calculated; a value of >0.20 second is considered a prolongation in the PR interval and defines first-degree AV block.Results: Thirteen patients (32%; 7 males and 6 females) demonstrated a prolongation in the PR interval in the pregabalin arm while the PR interval was prolonged in 5 patients only in the control group (12%; 2 males and 3 females). There was no statistical difference between the maximum PR prolongation in both groups (p-value=0.13; 95% CI, -0.0121 to 0.0317).Conclusions: This study hasn’t found a statistically significant prolongation in the PR interval among patients taking oral pregabalin monotherapy. Whether this observation is clinically significant or not, it needs further analytic studies to uncover its importance.

Electrocardiogram PR Interval Is a Surrogate Marker to Predict New Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Frequent Premature Atrial Contractions

The clinical significance of prolonged PR interval has not been evaluated in patients with frequent premature atrial contractions (PACs). We investigated whether prolonged PR interval could predict new occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with frequent PACs. We retrospectively analyzed 684 patients with frequent PACs (> 100 PACs/day) who performed repeated 24-hour Holter monitoring. Prolonged PR interval was defined as longer than 200 msec. Among 684 patients, 626 patients had normal PR intervals (group A) and 58 patients had prolonged PR intervals (group B). After a mean follow-up of 59.3 months, 14 patients (24.1%) in group B developed AF compared to 50 patients (8.0%) in group A (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that prolonged PR interval (hazard ratio [HR], 1.950; 95% CI, 1.029-3.698; P = 0.041), age (HR, 1.033; 95% CI, 1.006-1.060; P = 0.015), and left atrial (LA) dimension (HR, 1.061; 95% CI, 1.012-1.112; P = 0.015) were associated with AF occurrence. Prolonged PR interval, advanced age, and enlarged LA dimension are independent risk factors of AF occurrence in patients with frequent PACs.

Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Topical Timolol, Brimonidine & Latanoprost in Newly Diagnosed Patients of Open Angle Glaucoma.

The present study was conducted in chronic open angle glaucoma patients to evaluate their efficacy in reducing IOP and their cardiovascular safety. 48 newly diagnosed patients of glaucoma completed the trial. Patients were divided into three groups and received medications in form of topical instillations. Group I (Timolol 0.5% twice a day), Group II (Brimonidine Tatrate 0.2% twice a day) & Group III (Latanoprost 0.005% once a day) for 12 weeks. All the three medications, significantly decreased IOP (P<0.05), however, Latanoprost caused maximum decrease in IOP, followed by Brimonidine and Timolol. Visual Acquity was not affected by any of the medication. Pulse Rate and PR Interval were decreased in Timolol group significantly (P < 0.001) while Brimonidine and Latanoprost did not alter Pulse Rate. Blood Pressure was not affected by either of medication except Brimonidine which caused reduction in systolic Blood Pressure at 12 weeks. The results of present study demonstrates superiority of Latanoprost over Timolol and Brimonidine as it lacked effect on Pulse Rate, Blood Pressure and HR, besides being more efficacious.

Búsqueda prenatal de bloqueo aurículo ventricular congénito en población de riesgo: experiencia Universidad Católica de Chile / Congenital heart block in risk population: Universidad Catolica de Chile experience

Congenital heart block is a fetal arrhythmia detected by routine prenatal ultrasound. Natural history and risk factors for this condition are known. Patients having Ro/La antibodies have 2 to 4 percent risk of affected child and recurrence of up to 25 percent. There are standarized protocols for measuring the PR interval by ultrasound, as well as reference curves for different gestational ages. The experience at Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica de Chile is reported, describing follow up of 37 patients over a period of more than 4 years. A protocol based on monthly monitoring of risk group was adopted.

El bloqueo aurículo ventricular congénito constituye una de las arritmias fetales detectables mediante ultrasonido prenatal de rutina. Se conoce su evolución natural y la población de riesgo de sufrir esta afección. En portadoras de anticuerpos Ro/La el riesgo de un hijo afectado es entre 2 y 4 por ciento, y la recurrencia de hasta un 25 por ciento. Existen protocolos estandarizados para medir el intervalo PR mediante ultrasonido, como también curvas de referencia para las distintas edades gestacionales. Reportamos la experiencia en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica de Chile, con un seguimiento de 37 pacientes en un periodo de más de 4 años. Se adoptó un protocolo de seguimiento mensual del grupo de riesgo.

Significado por intervalo PR prolongado em pacientes com bloqueio dos ramos do feixe de his do tipo bifascicular / Significance of prolonged PR interval in patients with bundle of his branch block type bifascicular

Purpose­Evaluation of the prolonged PR interval and its predictive value for trifascicular block in individuals with bifascicular His bundle branch block. Patients and Methods­55 patients, 36 male and 19 female aged 57 + 15,8 years with bifascicular bundle branch block type have been studied. 11 cases had complete left bundle branch block and 44 cases had complete right bundle branch block with left anterior ana superior division block. His bundle electrogram and atrial stimulation were performed in all patients. The atrial stimulation rate originating the Wenckebach phenomenon (SP) of the A-V conduction, and the A-H and H-V intervals were compared with the PR interval of the surface electrocardiogram. Patients were divided into three groups according to the PR interval: group 1, Pr < 200 ms, group II, PR between 190-280 ms and group III,PR 280 ms. Results­There was not linear correlation between the PR interval and WP in the three groups. There was a weak linear ascending correlation between the PR and A-H intervals in groups I and II (r + 0.59 and + + 0.43, respectively) and there was a descending correlation in the group III (r. - 0.64, P < 0.05). In relation to the H-V interval there was not linear correlation with the PR interval in groups I and II, but there was a good ascending linear correlation in the group III (r 0.84, P < 0.01). The incidence of prolonged A-H and H-V intervals increased as the PR interval was larger. Conclusion­ The prolonged PR interval with bifascicular bundle branch block means, in the majority of cases, diffuse damage of the conduction system envolving the A-V node and the infranodal region; starting from 280 ms, the delayed PR interval suggests envolvement predominantly below the A-V node: to a higher PR interval corresponds a higher H-V interval and also, to a relatively shortest A-H interval

Avaliaçäo dos intervalos PR no limite máximo normal e prolongado com QRS estreito / Evaluation of the PR intervals in normal and prolongued maximum limit with short QRS

Avaliar a funçäo do nó A-V (NAV) pela determinaçäo do período de Wenckebach (PW) e pela resposta à atropina nos casos de intervalo PR normal, no limite máximo normal e prolongado, todos com WRS estreito. Cento e vinte e nove pacientes, 79 homens, idades de 59 ñ 20 anos, assintomáticos ou com queixas de palpitaçöes, tonturas, pré-síncope e síncope, com ECG de taquicardia supraventricular, bloqueio A-V de 1§ grau (BAV 1§), de 2§ grau tipo Mobitz I intermitente e doença de nó nsinusal. Excluídos síndrome de pré-excitaçäo e dissociaçäo longitudinal do nó A-V. Cardioestimulaçäo atrial transesofágica realizou-se em todos os casos para avaliaçäo de atropina. Segundo o PW obtido, os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos: I, PW >= 125 ppm (N = 88); II, PW entre 125 e 110 ppm (N = 16) e III, PW <= 110 ppm (N = 25). Houve correlaçäo linear decrescente entre o PR e PW somente no grupo II (5 = 0,76 e p < 0,01). Houve incidência significativamente maior de PR > 240 ms no grupo III em relaçäo aos outros grupos e a resposta à atropina foi melhor nos casos de PR <= 240 ms, onde houve maior número de normalizaçäo do PW. Há correlaçäo linear decrescente entre o PR do ECG e o PW para indivíduos com PW <= 110 ppm: PR maior de 240 ms correspondeu melhor a PW abaixo de 110 ppm (em torno de 90 ppm), a maioria näo se normalizou com a atropina, considerando-se adequada a denominaçäo para estes casos de "bloqueio" A-V de 1§ grau. Para os BAV 1§ com PR menores de 240 ms, que se normalizaram com a atropina ...