Analysis of effects from usage of skeletal anchorage-assisted Pendulum appliance on vertical component of craniofacial structure

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate distalizing effects from the Pendulum appliance on vertical component of craniofacial structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 Patients who visited for orthodontic treatments are assigned to two groups. Group I, SN-MP > 37 degrees are showing hyperdivergent pattern. Group II, 29 < SN-MP < 37 degrees are showing mesocephalic pattern. Each group are consisted of 10 people. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Differences between skeletal classifications result in significant differences at labioversion of lower incisors and distalized amount, which is larger at Group I (P <.05). Group II has only shown significant distalized molars (P < .05). Labioversion of lower incisors has not shown significant change. Skeletal anchorage-assisted Pendulum appliance doesn't deteriorate vertical component nor significantly improve.

Changes produced by the pendulum appliance with skeletal anchorage and comparison with conventional pendulum appliance / Alterações produzidas com o aparelho pêndulo com ancoragem esquelética e comparação com o aparelho pêndulo convencional

Os propósitos destas pesquisas foram primeiramente avaliar as alterações esqueléticas, dento-alveolares e tegumentares obtidas com o aparelho pêndulo com ancoragem esquelética (BAPA) em pacientes com má oclusão Classe II e, posteriormente compará-los com os efeitos produzidos com o aparelho pêndulo com ancoragem convencional (CPA). A amostra composta de 18 pacientes (14 meninas;4 meninos) com idade média de 14.01 (D.P. 1.08) com má oclusão de Classe II tratados com BAPA como dispositivo distalizador antes do aparelho fixo, no Departamento de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo. Telerradiografias laterais foram tomadas no início do tratamento (T0) e no final da distalização (T1), mensuradas e posteriormente analisadas estatisticamente. Apenas o período da distalização ativa foi avaliado. O grupo controle foi composto de 18 pacientes (14 meninas;4 meninos) com idade média de 13.61 (D.P. 1.24) com a mesma má oclusão tratados com CPA como dispositivo distalizador antes do aparelho fixo, no Departamento de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo. Para avaliar os efeitos desta amostra foi utilizada a mesma metodologia acima mencionada. Posteriormente, para comparar as alterações entre os grupos, a amostra tratada com CPA foi denominada Grupo 1 (G1), e a amostra tratada com BAPA denominada Grupo 2 (G2). O tempo médio de distalização foi 5.76 e 6.16 meses, no G1 e G2 respectivamente. Ambos os grupos foram compatibilizados em relação à idade inicial, tempo de tratamento, severidade da má oclusão de Classe II e características cefalométricas iniciais. A comparação intra-grupo foi realizada com teste t dependente, e a comparação intergrupos foi realizada com o teste t. Em G2 houve aumento significante da altura facial anteroinferior, distalização molar, inclinação distal e intrusão significante dos primeiros e segundos molares superiores. Os primeiros pré-molares apresentaram distalização e extrusão significantes. A sobremordida diminuiu e a relação molar melhoraram significativamente. Comparando as alterações do tratamento entre grupos, foram significativamente maiores a distalização, inclinação distal e intrusão dos primeiros molares no G2 comparados ao G1. Os incisivos superiores inclinaram para vestibular no G1, e ligeiramente retroinclinaram para lingual no G2, além disso os primeiros pré-molares foram distalizados no G2, porém foram mesializados no G1. O Grupo 1 apresentou aumento significativamente maior da sobressaliência, e menor correção da relação molar de Classe II do que G2. A distalização dos molares superiores foi obtida com sucesso em ambos os grupos, entretanto, utilizando o BAPA observou-se várias vantagens, tais como: Distalização exclusiva dos molares superiores; movimento distal espontâneo dos pré-molares superiores; sem efeitos colaterais indesejáveis nos incisivos superiores e nos lábios; e também o estabelecimento de uma relação molar de Classe I.(AU)

The purposes of these investigations were firstly to evaluate the dentoalveolar, skeletal and soft tissue effects obtained with the bone-anchored pendulum appliance (BAPA) in patients with Class II malocclusion and secondly, to compare these effects with the conventional pendulum appliance (CPA). A sample of 18 patients (14 females; 4 males) with a mean age of 14.01 years (S.D 1.08) with Class II malocclusion treated with BAPA as distalizer device before fixed appliance in Orthodontic Department at the Dental School, University of São Paulo City. Lateral headfilms were taken at the beginning of treatment (T0) and at the end of distalization period (T1), measured and then statistically analyzed. Only the active distalization period was evaluated. The comparison group was composed by 18 patients (14 females; 4 males) with a mean age of 13.61 years (S.D 1.24) with the same malocclusion treated with CPA before fixed appliance in Orthodontic Department at Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo. To evaluate the effects in this sample was used the same methodology abovementioned. Then, to compare changes between groups, the sample treated with CPA was named Group 1 (G1), and the sample treated with BAPA was named Group 2 (G2). The average distalization period was 5.76 and 6.16 months, respectively for G1 and G2. Both groups were compatibilized regarding initial age, treatment time, severity of Class II malocclusion and initial cephalometric characteristics. Intragroup comparisons were performed using dependent t tests and intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests. In G2 there was significant increase in the lower anterior face height, molar distalization, distal tipping and intrusion of the first and second maxillary molars. The first premolars had significant distalization and extrusion. Overbite significantly decreased and molar relationship was significantly improved. Comparing the groups, there were significantly greater maxillary first molar distalization, distal tipping and intrusion in G2 compared to G1. The maxillary incisors were labially tipped in G1 and lingually tipped in G2. The first premolars were distalized in G2 while were mesialized in G1. G1 showed a significantly greater overjet increase and smaller Class II molar relationship correction than G2. Distalization of the maxillary molars was successfully achieved in both groups, but using the BAPA several advantages were observed including exclusive maxillary molars distalization, spontaneous distal movement of the maxillary premolars, no undesirable side effects in the maxillary incisors and lips and establishment of a Class I molar relationship.(AU)

Modification of pendulum appliance / 实用口腔医学杂志

Among several intraoral distalizing devices,the pendulum appliance is one of the most commonly used noncompliance appli-ances.It is widely used to correct Class Ⅱ molar relationship.More healthy teeth can be preserved with the using of pendulum appliance in the tooth extraction of borderline cases.The pendulum appliance was modified and used in clinic.Long-term observasion showed that the modified pendulum appliace is effective in orthodontic treatment.

Comparación clínica y radiográfica del efecto del péndulo con anclajeesquelético vs. dentoalveolar / Clinical and radiographic comparison of the pendulum effect with skeletal

Introducción: este estudio pretende comparar clínica y radiográficamente los efectos producidos por el distalizador péndulo en dos formas de anclaje: esquelético y dentoalveolar, en pacientes con maloclusiones clase II de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia. Métodos: se hizo un estudio preexperimental comparativo. Se utilizó una muestra de 19 pacientes con edades entre los 15y 26 años, divididos en dos grupos: 9 pacientes tratados con péndulo de anclaje esquelético y 10 con péndulo de anclaje dentoalveolar. A todos los pacientes se les tomaron radiografías cefálicas laterales y modelos de estudio, al inicio y al final del tiempo de evaluación (6 meses). Resultados: los resultados clínicos y radiográficos muestran diferencias significativas en los efectos producidos a nivel de incisivos y molares. El péndulo con anclaje dentoalveolar presentó en promedio proinclinación de los incisivos de 4°, mientras que el péndulo conanclaje esquelético no mostró variación. En cuanto al efecto producido en los molares se observó mayor cantidad de distalación por inclinación (14,1°) en el péndulo con anclaje dentoalveolar que en el péndulo con anclaje esquelético (7,34°). Conclusiones: el péndulobajo las dos modalidades de anclaje mostró ser un dispositivo eficaz para distalar molares, sin embargo es importante tener en cuenta el efecto que se quiere producir sobre los incisivos, pues cada uno produce resultados diferentes.

Introduction: This study seeks to clinically and radiographically compare the effects produced by the distalization pendulum in both skeletal and dentoalveolar anchorage, in patients with Class II malocclusions at the Universidad de Antioquia’s School of Dentistry. Methods: a pre-experimental comparative study was carried out on a sample of 19 patients aged 15-26 years, divided into two groups:9 patients treated with bone anchorage pendulum and 10 with dentoalveolar anchorage pendulum. Lateral cephalic radiographs of each patient were taken and study models were done at the beginning and the end of evaluation period (6 months). Results: both clinical and radiographic results show significant differences in the effects produced at the incisors and molars. The pendulum with dentoalveolar anchorage presented an average incisor proclination of 4°, while the pendulum with skeletal anchorage showed no variation. Concerning the effect produced in molars, a greater amount of distalization as a result of inclination was observed in the pendulum with dentoalveolar anchorage (14.1°) in comparison to the one with skeletal anchorage (7.34°). Conclusions: with both modalities, the pendulum provedto be effective for molar distalization; nevertheless, it is important to bear in mind the desired effect on the incisors, as each technique produces different results.

Clinical evaluation of the pendulum appliance on distalization of maxillary molars / 实用口腔医学杂志

objective: To evaluate the effects of the pendulum appliance on arch length, arch width, overbite and overjet. Methods: Pendulum appliances were applied for distalization of maxillary molars in 37 patients whith class Ⅱ malocclusion and 1-Ⅱ degree crowded dentition in upper dental arch. Pretreatment and posttreatment model analysis was conducted. Results: 37 patients treated for 18.2?4.5 weeks with pendulum appliance were accomplished . The increase of arch arc length between the maxillary first molars was (17.36?4.38) mm, the decrease of anterior arch width (-3.04?1.59) mm, and the decrease of posterior arch width (-1.29?2.01) mm . Differences between the pretreatment and posttreatment were significant, including arch arc length between the maxillary first molars ( P