Perfection of Regional Cooperation Supervision Mechanism under Marketing Authorization Holder System / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for perfecting regional cooperation supervision mechanism under the marketing authorization holder （MAH） system in China. METHODS ：Based on the analysis of legal responsibilities of the MAH and entrusted manufacturing enterprise ，the problems were studied and suggestions for improving the regional cooperative supervision mechanism were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Sub-contract production is the main target of cross-regional collaborative supervision of drug regulatory agencies. The MAH is responsible for the entire life cycle of the drug ，and the entrusted manufacturing enterprise assumes supplementary responsibility. At present ， the problems of regional cooperation supervision are lacking of targeted legal enforcement basis ，insufficient supervision power ，difficulty in obtaining evidence ， untimely supervision and inadequate department cooperation supervision mechanism. It is necessary to improve the regional cooperative supervision mechanism continuously in perspectives of perfecting legislation ，establishing professional inspector system，improving departmental linkage mechanism ，and strenghtening the database construction.

Application of three-dimensional SPACE magnetic resonance imaging in accurate measurement of implant volume in breast surgery / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#The study is to assess the accuracy and reliability of three-dimensional simulated magnetic resonance imaging with silicone-excitation SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions) sequence for estimating implant volume.@*Methods@#(1) MRI examinations of 10 silicone implants (Wuhan Tongji Hospital from October 2018 to December 2018) were performed with T2, H2O-excitation SPACE sequence (T2-spc-H2O) and silicone-excitation SPACE sequence (T2-spc-Silicone) to find the most accurate method to estimate implant volume by ITK-SNAP. The effect of implant deformation and slice thickness of T2-spc-Silicone on volume measurement were investigated. (2) 13 normal patients and 6 patients with implant complications (Wuhan Tongji Hospital from March 2017 to May 2019) were enrolled for testing the accuracy and reliability of T2-spc-Silicone for volume measurement in vivo. The data were analyzed using Prism 8.0 software. The paired student t-test was used to compare the difference of two groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference of multiple groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#The absolute volume differences of T2, T2-spc-H2O, T2-spc-Silicone were (42.19±2.31) ml, (23.27±1.55) ml and (6.28±1.22) ml. The absolute volume differences of T2-spc-Silicone group was significantly less than T2-spc-H2O and T2 group in vitro(F=195.3, P<0.001). No significant difference(F=1.36, P=0.22)was shown between the normality group and the deformation group for estimating the volume of implants with the slice thickness of SPACE increased from 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm to 5.0 mm×5.0 mm×5.0 mm. Besides, the slices thickness of SPACE from 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm to 5.0 mm×5.0 mm×5.0 mm did not significantly affect the accuracy of volume measurement of the implants in deformation state(F=1.22, P=0.29). The measurement error of SPACE was (8.82±0.99) ml in normal patients. Moreover, there was no significant difference between measured volume[(226.4±12.76)ml] and actual volume of implants[(225.9±11.94) ml](t=0.31, P=0.76)in patients with implant complications. The result showed excellent intraobserver reliability (ICC=0.997) and internal consistency ranged from 0.986 to 0.997 (P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#The method to measure implant volume by silicone-excitation SPACE sequence had desirable accuracy and reliability. The deformation of the implant and the slice thickness of the SPACE sequence did not exhibit a significant effect on the accuracy of volume measurement.

Perfeccionamiento docente de profesores egresados de la formación tecnológica en salud / Teaching perfection of professors graduated from the health technological training

La preparación de los docentes es una labor continua y sistemática en la educación superior. Esta comprende aspectos didácticos y pedagógicos en el proceso docente educativo como vía para alcanzar la formación integral de los estudiantes. En tal sentido, se diseñó un curso de pedagogía que contó con 7 profesores en condición de cursistas, egresados de la formación tecnológica en salud, y se exponen los resultados del proceso de preparación de estos profesionales

Professors preparation is a continuous and systematic work in the higher education. This comprises didactic and pedagogic aspects in the teaching educational process as a way to reach a comprehensive training of the students. In that sense, a pedagogy course with 7 professors as lecturers was designed, graduated from the health technological training, and the results of the preparation process of these professionals are exposed

Condicionada a seleção artificial: eliminar os mais fracos ou homogeneizar a "raça"? / Condicionada la selección artificial: ¿eliminar los más débiles o homogeneizar la "raza"? / Conditioned to Artificial Selection: Eliminate the Weakest or Homogenize the "Race"?

Resumo O controle populacional mediante práticas discriminatórias é encontrado em todos os momentos históricos. Nunca antes, todavia, o emprego das ciências (naturais e humanas) esteve tão próximo de alcançar a criação de novos mecanismos geradores de "subespécies" humanas. Esta pesquisa trata, fundamentada em referencial teórico selecionado, dos desafios biotecnológicos e bioéticos na senda das manipulações quanto ao desenvolvimento de práticas eventualmente nocivas no contexto pluralista. A segregação ou, até mesmo, a destruição dos seres humanos indesejáveis é temível reflexo duma sociedade egocêntrica e, em grande medida, preconceituosa. Porém, o futuro não será, necessariamente, obscuro se o Homo sapiens souber agir ética e positivamente.

Resumen El control de la población mediante prácticas discriminatorias se encuentra en todos los momentos históricos. Sin embargo, el empleo de las ciencias (naturales y humanas) nunca había estado tan cerca de alcanzar la creación de nuevos mecanismos generadores de "subespecies" humanas. La investigación trata, fundamentada en un marco teórico seleccionado, los retos biotecnológicos y bioéticos en la senda de las manipulaciones en cuanto al desarrollo de prácticas eventualmente nocivas en el contexto pluralista. La segregación o, incluso, la destrucción de los seres humanos indeseables es temible reflejo de una sociedad egocéntrica y, en gran medida, prejuiciosa. No obstante, el futuro no será, necesariamente, oscuro si el Homo sapiens sabe actuar ética y positivamente.

Abstract Population control through discriminatory practices is found at all times in history. Never before, however, has use of the sciences (natural and human) been so close to achieving the creation of new mechanisms for generating human "subspecies". This study, which is based on a selected theoretical framework, deals with the biotechnological and bioethical challenges on the path to manipulation as concerns the development of potentially harmful practices in a pluralist context. Segregation or even the destruction of undesirable human beings is a frightening reflection of an egocentric and largely prejudiced society. However, the future will not necessarily be obscure if Homo sapiens can act ethically and positively.

Factors Influencing Clinical Practice Burnout in Student Nurses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore perception of the clinical learning environment, resilience and perfectionism in relation to practice burnout and to identify factors influencing practice burnout in student nurses. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 313 student nurses from three universities in B and U city. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, Scheffés test and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean score for practice burnout in student nurses was 2.92 out of 5 points. Practice burnout explained 44.7% of the variance in perfectionism (β =.245, p<.001), satisfaction with college life (β =.232, p<.001), resilience (β =−.228, p<.001), clinical learning environment (β =−.193, p<.001), satisfaction with major (β =.180, p=.001), practical relationships with peers (β =.128, p=.005), and satisfaction with clinical practice (β =.124, p=.039). CONCLUSION: Research results suggest that the important variable for student nurses' practice burnout is perfectionism. Therefore education is needed to develop strategies to manage perfectionism and reduce practice burnout.

Diagnosis of Nerve Root Compromise of the Lumbar Spine: Evaluation of the Performance of Three-dimensional Isotropic T2-weighted Turbo Spin-Echo SPACE Sequence at 3T

OBJECTIVE: To explore the performance of three-dimensional (3D) isotropic T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) sequence on a 3T system, for the evaluation of nerve root compromise by disc herniation or stenosis from central to extraforaminal location of the lumbar spine, when used alone or in combination with conventional two-dimensional (2D) TSE sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients who had undergone 3T spine MRI including 2D and 3D sequences, and had subsequent spine surgery for nerve root compromise at a total of 39 nerve levels, were analyzed. A total of 78 nerve roots (48 symptomatic and 30 asymptomatic sites) were graded (0 to 3) using different MRI sets of 2D, 3D (axial plus sagittal), 3D (all planes), and combination of 2D and 3D sequences, with respect to the nerve root compromise caused by posterior disc herniations, lateral recess stenoses, neural foraminal stenoses, or extraforaminal disc herniations; grading was done independently by two readers. Diagnostic performance was compared between different imaging sets using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.203 to > 0.999) in the ROC curve area between the imaging sets for both readers 1 and 2, except for combined 2D and 3D (0.843) vs. 2D (0.802) for reader 1 (p = 0.035), and combined 2D and 3D (0.820) vs. 3D including all planes (0.765) for reader 2 (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: The performance of 3D isotropic T2-weighted TSE sequence of the lumbar spine, whether axial plus sagittal images, or all planes of images, was not significantly different from that of 2D TSE sequences, for the evaluation of nerve root compromise of the lumbar spine. Combining 2D and 3D might possibly improve the diagnostic accuracy compared with either one.

Las implicancias psicopatológicas de la acedia en Evagrio Póntico / Implicações psicopatológicas da acedia em Evágrio Pontico / Psychopathological implications of acedia in Evagrius Ponticus / Implications psychopathologiques de l’acédie chez Évagre le Pontique / Die psychopathologischen Implikationen der Acedia in Euagrios Pontikos / Evágrio Pontico的绝望概念的精神病理学意义

La presente comunicación intenta poner de relieve la contribución de Evagrio Póntico en la comprensión etiológica de ese padecimiento tan cercano a la melancolía moderna y a la depresión contemporánea, que él conceptualizó y sistematizó por primera vez: la acedia. Se ponen en relación con su aporte algunos elementos de la noción freudiana de melancolía y de la teoría de la autodiscrepancia acerca de la depresión, principalmente en lo que se refiere al rol del ideal del yo en el dinamismo etiopatogénico. En este contexto se evidencia la importancia histórica de la contribución evagriana que se anticipa a diversos planteamientos muy posteriores de la psicología y la psicopatología, e integra en una perspectiva espiritual la comprensión etiológica de la perturbación psíquica y su posible terapia.

A presente comunicação procura destacar a contribuição de Evágrio Póntico na compreensão etiológica desse padecimento tão próximo à melancolia moderna e à depressão contemporânea, que ele conceituou e sistematizou pela primeira vez como acedia. Alguns elementos da noção freudiana da teoria da melancolia e da autodiscrepância sobre a depressão, principalmente no que se refere ao papel do ideal do ego no dinamismo etiopatogênico, são colocados em relação a seu aporte. Nesse contexto, é evidente a importância histórica da contribuição evagriana que antecipa diversas abordagens posteriores da psicologia e psicopatologia, e integra numa perspectiva espiritual a compreensão etiológica da perturbação psíquica e sua possível terapia.

The present communication highlights the contribution by Evagrius Ponticus to the etiologic understanding of acedia, a condition that’s similar to both modern melancholy and contemporary depression. The concept of acedia is illustrated by means of some elements of the Freudian notions of melancholy and of self-discrepancy about depression, especially regarding the role of the ideal of the ego in the etiopathogenic dynamism. In this context, we show the historical importance of Evagrius’ contribution as it anticipates subsequent psychological and psychopathological approaches and integrates an etiologic understanding of this psychic disturbance and its possible therapy into a spiritual perspective.

La communication présente met en relief la contribution d’Évagre le Pontique à la compréhension étiologique de cette souffrance si proche de la mélancolie moderne et de la dépression contemporaine, qu’il a défini et il a systématisée pour la première fois : l’acédie. Quelques éléments de la notion freudienne de mélancolie et de la théorie de l’autodivergence à propos de la dépression, principalement en ce qui concerne le rôle de l’idéal de moi dans le dynamisme etio-pathogène, se mettent en relation avec l’apport d’Évagre. Dans ce contexte, l’importance historique de la contribution de ce penseur est manifeste et elle devance donc à de divers exposés très postérieurs de la psychologie et de la psychopathologie et intègre, dans une perspective spirituelle, la compréhension étiologique de la perturbation psychique et sa thérapie possible.

Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht den Beitrag von Euagrios Pontikos für das ätiologischen Verständnis eines Leidens, dass der modernen Melancholie und der zeitgenössischen Depression nahekommt und von diesem als Erster konzeptualisiert und kategorisiert wurde: die Acedia. Hierbei werden Elemente von Euagrios Pontikos Theorie und Freud's Interpretation der Melancholie und Theorie der Selbstdiskrepanz bezüglich der Depression in Zusammenhang gebracht, um die Rolle des Ichs als Leitbild in der etiopatogenischen Dynamik in Bezug zu seinem Beitrag zu stellen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die historische Bedeutung der Theorie von Euagrios Pontikos bewiesen, welche sich mit dieser Thematik bereits vor der modernen Psychologie und Psychopathologie auseinandersetzte. Das ätiologische Verständnis von psychologischen Störungen und möglichen Therapien wird hier ebenfalls vom spirituellen Standpunkt beleuchtet.

本文强调Evagrio Pontico在绝望的定义和系统化对当代忧郁症的病因的了解的贡献。弗洛伊德对忧郁和自我差异概念的一些内容，尤其是自我理想在病理学的作用，可与其贡献建立关系。在这种情况下，很显然Evagrio的贡献具有历史重要性因为已预期心理和精神病理学的一些解释，并融合精神的角度看待此心理障碍及了解治疗病因的可能性。.

La interpretación de enunciados condicionales como bicondicionales y su problemática en la tarea de selección / The interpretation of conditional statements as biconditional statements and its problems to selection task

En diversas ocasiones, los enunciados condicionales son perfeccionados, esto es, entendidos como bicondicionales. Este hecho provoca problemas para la interpretación de textos en general y para la comprensión correcta de las instrucciones de la tarea de selección en particular. Habitualmente, los resultados de esta tarea son extraños y, por ello, han surgido teorías que tratan de explicarlos a partir de hipótesis relativas a determinados mecanismos mentales o tipos de razonamiento especiales en los seres humanos. En este trabajo, tratamos de demostrar, revisando críticamente un experimento concreto presente en la literatura, que no es necesario aceptar tales hipótesis y que se puede explicar lo que sucede en dicho experimento asumiendo, simplemente, que los participantes perfeccionan algunas reglas condicionales que se proponen en él.

On several occasions, conditional statements are perfected, that is, are understood as biconditional statements. This causes problems for texts interpretation in general and for the correct understanding of the instructions of the selection task in particular. Usually, the results of this task are unexpected and, due to this, theories have been raised in order to try to explain them from hypotheses about certain mental mechanisms or special types of reasoning in human beings. In this paper, I try to demonstrate, through a critical review of a particular experiment in the literature, that it is not necessary to assume such hypotheses and that it is possible to explain what happens in such experiment simply assuming that participants perfect some conditional rules proposed in it.

A Study of the Relationship between Anger Thought And Problem Behavior in Perfectionist High School Girls

PURPOSE: This descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of perfectionism to anger thought and problem behaviors. In addition, the mediating effect of anger thought in relation to perfectionism and problem behaviors was investigated. METHODS: Data were collected from 807 students in a girls' high school, and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and hierachical multiple regression were used with SPSS/PC 18.0 program to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significant differences in anger thought (primary and secondary anger-thought) and problem behaviors between the upper 25% and lower 25% group for perfectionism. Primary and secondary anger-thought had a significant mediating effect in relation to perfectionism and problem behaviors. CONCLUSION: For effective management and prevention of adolescent women's problem behaviors, programs including perfectionism and anger thought should be developed. Further research is necessary in order to draw a consensus on cognitive factors as mediators between the related factors of problem behaviors.

Relationships among Premenstrual Syndrome, Perfection and Anxiety among the College Student

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and the relationships among PMS, perfection, and anxiety in nursing college students and general college students. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was carried out with a convenience sample of 215 college students. The MDQ (Menstrual Distress Questionnaire), APS-R (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised), STAI (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory) were used. The data were collected from June to October, 2011. Data analysis included frequency, chi2-test, t-test, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: There were significant differences in PMS and perfection but there not in anxiety between nursing college students and general college students. There were significant correlations among PMS, perfection and anxiety in nursing college students, and there were significant correlations among PMS and anxiety in general college students but not significant correlations among PMS and perfection. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that to provide effective interventions for PMS in college students, it is necessary to design nursing interventions that consider perfection and anxiety.

Um ensaio sobre o culto ao corpo na contemporaneidade / An essay on the cult of the body in contemporary

Pensar o modo como a valorização do corpo vem se tornando o imperativo do viver contemporâneo parece ser uma questão fundamental para o campo da Psicologia. O culto ao corpo se mostra como característica de nossa época e encontra-se assentado na busca diária por um corpo perfeito capaz de superar qualquer problema e corresponder qualquer expectativa. Visto pelos meios de comunicação como algo que pode ser manipulado ou modificado, o corpo vem se tornando pólo dos mais profundos desejos e um grande objeto de investimento. Discutir a relação que estamos construindo com o nosso corpo na atualidade é a preocupação deste artigo. (AU)

Think how the appreciation of the body has become the imperative of contemporary living seems to be a key issue for the field of psychology. The cult of the body proves to be typical of our time and is seated in the daily quest for a perfect body can overcome any problem and meet any expectations. Seen by the media as something that can be manipulated or modified, the body has become the pole of the deepest desires and a great object of investment. Discuss the relationship we are building with our body today is the concern of this article. (AU)

Inspirations of Toyota's perfection management on the medical industry / 中华医院管理杂志

The paper presented the basic concepts and methodology of the perfection management as applied in Toyota Auto Company, and the use of the current state value stream mapping (VSM). Examples cited justified the introduction of perfection management in the medical industry and the desirable outcomes. In addition, it described the inspirations of perfection management to the medical industry as to corporate culture, process optimization and business efficiency.