O papel pedagógico do analista de desempenho das categorias de base do futebol brasileiro / The pedagogical role of the performance analyst of brazilian football categories / El papel pedagógico del analista de rendimiento de las categorías juveniles del fútbol brasileño

Resumo A Análise de Desempenho e a Pedagogia do Esporte são áreas de conhecimento que apontam caminhos para a melhora da prática esportiva. O presente artigo buscou identificar o papel pedagógico na atuação dos analistas de desempenho das categorias de base dos clubes brasileiros. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizou o procedimento de análise de Triangulação de Métodos, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez analistas de desempenho das categorias de base dos clubes brasileiros de futebol masculino da série A (2020). Conclui-se que embora os analistas não percebam a sua atuação dentro dos clubes como de cunho pedagógico, na prática essa interface vem sendo necessária no desenvolvimento do trabalho destes profissionais. Dessa maneira o diálogo entre as áreas da Pedagogia do Esporte e da Análise de Desempenho pode contribuir para qualificação e atuação profissional dos analistas de desempenho, potencializando o processo de formação de jovens jogadores de futebol. (AU)

Abstract Performance Analysis and Sport Pedagogy are areas of knowledge that point to ways to improve sports practice. This article sought to identify the pedagogical role in the performance of performance analysts of the base categories of Brazilian clubs. The research, with a qualitative approach, used the Triangulation of Methods analysis procedure, based on semi-structured interviews with ten performance analysts from the basic categories of Brazilian men's soccer clubs in the series A (2020). It is concluded that although the analysts do not perceive their performance within the clubs as pedagogical, in practice this interface has been necessary in the development of the work of these professionals. In this way, the dialogue between the areas of Sport Pedagogy and Performance Analysis can contribute to the qualification and professional performance of performance analysts, enhancing the process of training young soccer players. (AU)

Resumen El Análisis del Rendimiento y la Pedagogía del Deporte son áreas de conocimiento que apuntan caminos para mejorar la práctica deportiva. Este artículo buscó identificar el papel pedagógico en la actuación de los analistas de rendimiento de las categorías básicas de los clubes de fútbol masculino brasileño. La investigación, con enfoque cualitativo, utilizó el procedimiento de análisis Triangulación de Métodos, basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas con diez analistas del rendimiento de las categorías básicas de los clubes de fútbol masculino brasileño en la serie A (2020). Se concluye que aunque los analistas no perciban su actuación dentro de los clubes como pedagógica, en la práctica, esa interfaz ha sido necesaria en el desarrollo del trabajo de estos profesionales. Así, el diálogo entre las áreas de Pedagogía del Deporte y Análisis del Desempeño puede contribuir a la formación y desempeño profesional de los analistas del rendimiento, potenciando el proceso de formación de jóvenes futbolistas. (AU)

Shedding light on tactical performance and tactical behavior concepts with a particular reference to soccer / Lançando luz sobre os conceitos de desempenho tático e comportamento tático com uma referência especial ao futebol

Abstract Tactical aspects play a significant role in soccer, as a team sport, considering the inherent unpredictability of the actions during a game. Therefore, measuring tactical variables is essential for training planning in soccer and other team sports. However, previous studies have interchangeably used the terms "tactical behavior" and "tactical performance" to refer to the collected variables, which has become a source of questioning in recent literature. In this point-of-view article, the tactical behavior and tactical performance concepts are defined, discussed, and exemplified based on previous studies. While tactical behavior measures are associated with descriptions of the actions, tactical performance variables are assumed to classify and interpret such behaviors considering reference values. Finally, examples of instruments for collecting each data are provided.

Resumo Aspectos táticos representam um ponto chave no futebol enquanto um esporte coletivo considerando a imprevisibilidade das ações durante um jogo. Medir variáveis táticas é importante para o planejamento do treinamento no futebol e nos outros esportes coletivos. Estudos prévios, contudo, utilizaram de forma intercambiável os termos "comportamento tático" e "desempenho tático" para se referir às variáveis coletadas, o que se transformou em um ponto de dúvida na literatura recente. Neste artigo de ponto de vista, os conceitos de comportamento e desempenho tático são definidos, discutidos e exemplificados com base em estudos prévios. Enquanto comportamento tático está associado à descrição das ações, o desempenho tático é assumido como a classificação e a interpretação destes comportamentos considerando valores de referência. Finalmente, exemplos de instrumentos para a recolha de cada dado são apresentados.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Resin-Bonded Bridge: Performance Analysis and Science Mapping

@#The objective of this study was to identify and characterise various resin-bonded bridge (RBB) articles published in dental journals using bibliometric analysis. The search was performed using the Scopus database to generate publications related to RBB. Data analysis and visualisation were done using Microsoft Excel, Biblioshiny software or VOSviewer. The trend of publication shows an annual growth rate of 7.19 percent within the years 1973–2022. Sixteen articles were cited more than 100 times, with seven highly cited articles focusing on the survival and/or complications of RBB. Matthias,Kern is the most prolific author in RBB research with Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry being the most influential journal. “survival”, “dental bonding” and “zirconia” were identified as core research areas for RBB for the past 10 years. Future research on the incorporation of new technology in prosthesis fabrication to assess the survival and longevity of RBB is expected to increase, with an emphasis on bonding to new materials. This paper presents an overview of scientific production, prominent researchers and countries, emerging keywords and core research areas in RBB research.

Análisis de redes sociales en el deporte desde el punto de vista del enfoque ecológico

Meli Neto, B., Fuini Puggina, E., Pombo Menezes, R., Cláudio Machado, J., Vanella, R., y Aquino, R. (2022). Análisis de redes sociales en el deporte desde el punto de vista del enfoque ecológico. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-21. El análisis del rendimiento está relacionado con la pedagogía del deporte. Las bases teóricas que sustentan las selecciones metodológicas deben estar bien establecidas para que haya una convergencia entre los instrumentos de evaluación y el proceso de enseñanza y entrenamiento. Este ensayo pretende presentar y discutir la importancia y representatividad del análisis de redes sociales para evaluar el rendimiento en los deportes de equipo. El objetivo principal del análisis de redes sociales es estudiar la relación entre los jugadores para identificar las posibles causas y consecuencias de los eventos durante el partido. Así, el análisis de redes sociales es diferente de los análisis tradicionales, en los que el foco principal está en el sujeto, o de los análisis notacionales, que son más utilizados y acumulan la frecuencia de los eventos ocurridos (por ejemplo, los goles marcados, la posesión del balón, las zonas de remate). Esta herramienta de evaluación, posicionada teóricamente en un enfoque ecológico, se muestra eficaz para la identificación de los patrones de interacción en un grupo y la comprensión de los artificios sociales que ayudan a entender el rendimiento de un equipo. Así, los equipos pasan a ser analizados como grupos sociales y no como sujetos aislados. En este ensayo también se exponen las principales aplicaciones prácticas de esta herramienta de evaluación en diferentes deportes de equipo como el fútbol, el fútbol sala, el balonmano, el baloncesto y el voleibol.

Meli Neto, B., Fuini Puggina, E., Pombo Menezes, R., Cláudio Machado, J., Vanella, R., e Aquino, R. (2022). Análise de redes sociais no esporte pela ótica da abordagem ecológica: um ensaio teórico. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-21. A análise de desempenho é uma disciplina intimamente relacionada à pedagogia do esporte. As bases teóricas que sustentam as escolhas metodológicas devem ser bem estabelecidas para existir uma convergência entre os instrumentos de avaliação e o processo de ensino e treinamento. Este ensaio teórico teve por objetivo apresentar e discutir a importância e representatividade da análise de redes sociais para avaliar o desempenho em esportes coletivos. O principal objetivo da análise de redes sociais é estudar a relação entre os jogadores para identificar possíveis causas e consequências dos eventos ocorridos durante a partida. Sendo assim, a análise de redes sociais trabalha de forma diferente das análises tradicionais, nas quais o principal foco está no sujeito, ou em análises notacionais que são as mais comumente utilizadas e que buscam a acumulação da frequência dos eventos ocorridos (e.g. gols marcados, posse de bola, áreas de finalização das jogadas). Tal instrumento de avaliação, teoricamente posicionado numa abordagem ecológica, mostra-se eficaz para a identificação de padrões de interação num grupo e o entendimento dos artifícios sociais que ajudam a compreender o desempenho em uma equipe. Assim, as equipes passam a ser analisadas como grupos sociais e não como sujeitos isolados. Neste ensaio, também se apresentam as principais aplicações práticas desse instrumento de avaliação em diferentes esportes coletivos, tais como o futebol, o futsal, o handebol, o basquetebol e o voleibol.

Meli Neto, B., Fuini Puggina, E., Pombo Menezes, R., Cláudio Machado, J., Vanella, R., & Aquino, R. (2022). Social networks analysis in sports through an ecological approach—a theoretical framework. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-21. Performance analysis is a discipline that is closely related to the pedagogy of sports. The theoretical foundations that undergird methodological choices must be well established in order for a convergence to exist between evaluation instruments and the process of teaching and training. The objective of the present theoretical study was to present and discuss the importance and representativeness of social networks analysis in order to evaluate the performance in group sports. The main purpose of social networks analysis is to study the relationships among players, in order to identify possible causes and consequences of the events that took place during a match. Thus, the analysis of social networks works differently from traditional analyses, whose major focus is on the subject, or in notational analyses that are most commonly used and that look for the accumulation of frequency of the events that have occurred (e.g., goals scored, ball possession, finishing zones). Such an instrument of evaluation, theoretically positioned on an ecological approach, proves effective for the identification of interaction patterns in a group and for understanding the social artifices that help to understand performance in a team. Thus, teams come to be analyzed as social groups instead of isolated individuals. This study also presents the main practical applications of this evaluation instrument in different group sports such as soccer football, indoor soccer, handball, basketball and volleyball.

An analysis of temporal numerical superiority in the pan-american junior men's water polo matches / Análise da superioridade numérica temporal no pan-americano júnior de polo aquático masculino

ABSTRACT This study compared the frequency, number of goals and attack efficiency in temporal numerical superiority among winning and losing teams and among balanced and unbalanced matches in a junior men's water polo competition. Another analysed relationship was that between a balanced or unbalanced final score and the efficiency at scoring goals in numerical superiority in the winning teams' games. A total of 56 matches from the Pan-American Junior Men's Water Polo championship was analysed. The teams were categorised as losers or winners and the match results were classified as balanced or unbalanced. The chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical treatment. There is no significant difference in the occurrence of numerical superiority between winners and losers (p = 0.25) despite the winners scoring more goals (p = 0.002) and being more efficient (p < 0.001). There is no significant difference in the occurrence of numerical superiority (p = 0.81) and goals (p = 0.03) in balanced and unbalanced matches. However, there tends to be a higher shot efficiency (p = 0.01) in unbalanced matches. A significant relationship exists (p = 0.04) between the winning teams' efficiency at scoring goals in a situation of numerical superiority and an unbalanced score.

RESUMO Esse estudo teve por objetivo comparar a frequência, a quantidade de gols e a eficiência do ataque em superioridade numérica temporal entre equipes vencedoras e perdedoras e entre partidas equilibradas e desequilibradas em competição júnior de polo aquático masculino. Também foi testada a relação entre a ocorrência do placar equilibrado ou desequilibrado com a eficiência em realizar gols em superioridade numérica nos jogos das equipes vencedoras. Foram analisadas 56 partidas do Campeonato Pan Americano Júnior de Polo Aquático Masculino. As equipes foram classificadas como perdedoras ou vencedoras e o resultado da partida como equilibrado ou desequilibrado. Teste Mann-Whitney e o qui-quadrado foram utilizados. Não há diferença significativa na ocorrência de superioridade numérica entre vencedores e perdedores (p = 0,25) apesar dos vencedores fazerem mais gols (p = 0,002) e serem mais eficientes (p < 0,001). Não há diferença significativa na ocorrência de superioridade numérica (p = 0,81) e de gols (p = 0,03) nas partidas equilibradas e desequilibradas. Entretanto, nas partidas desequilibradas encontrou-se maior eficiência no arremesso (p = 0,01). Foi encontrado relação significativa (p = 0,04) entre a eficácia das equipes vencedoras em realizar gol em superioridade numérica com o placar desequilibrado.

Análise de redes socialis pela óptica da abordagem ecológica: un ensaio teórico / Social networks analysis in sports through an ecological approach: a theoretical framework

Resumo Meli Neto, B., Fuini Puggina, E., Pombo Menezes, R., Cláudio Machado, J., Vanella, R. e Aquino, R. (2021). Análise de redes sociais no esporte pela ótica da abordagem ecológica: um ensaio teórico. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-19. A análise de desempenho é uma disciplina intimamente relacionada à pedagogia do esporte. As bases teóricas que sustentam as escolhas metodológicas devem ser bem estabelecidas para existir uma convergência entre os instrumentos de avaliação e o processo de ensino e treinamento. Este ensaio teórico teve por objetivo apresentar e discutir a importância e representatividade da análise de redes sociais para avaliar o desempenho em esportes coletivos. O principal objetivo da análise de redes sociais é estudar a relação entre os jogadores para identificar possíveis causas e consequências dos eventos ocorridos durante a partida. Sendo assim, a análise de redes sociais trabalha de forma diferente das análises tradicionais, nas quais o principal foco está no sujeito, ou em análises notacionais que são as mais comumente utilizadas e que buscam a acumulação da frequência dos eventos ocorridos (e.g. gols marcados, posse de bola, áreas de finalização das jogadas). Tal instrumento de avaliação, teoricamente posicionado numa abordagem ecológica, mostra-se eficaz para a identificação de padrões de interação num grupo e o entendimento dos artifícios sociais que ajudam a compreender o desempenho em uma equipe. Assim, as equipes passam a ser analisadas como grupos sociais e não como sujeitos isolados. Neste ensaio, também se apresentam as principais aplicações práticas desse instrumento de avaliação em diferentes esportes coletivos, tais como o futebol, o futsal, o handebol, o basquetebol e o voleibol.

Abstract Meli Neto, B., Fuini Puggina, E., Pombo Menezes, R., Cláudio Machado, J., Vanella, R. & Aquino, R. (2021). Social networks analysis in sports through an ecological approach—a theoretical framework. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-19. Performance analysis is a discipline that is closely related to the pedagogy of sports. The theoretical foundations that undergird methodological choices must be well established in order for a convergence to exist between evaluation instruments and the process of teaching and training. The objective of the present theoretical study was to present and discuss the importance and representativeness of social networks analysis in order to evaluate the performance in group sports. The main purpose of social networks analysis is to study the relationships among players, in order to identify possible causes and consequences of the events that took place during a match. Thus, the analysis of social networks works differently from traditional analyses, whose major focus is on the subject, or in notational analyses that are most commonly used and that look for the accumulation of frequency of the events that have occurred (e.g., goals scored, ball possession, finishing zones). Such an instrument of evaluation, theoretically positioned on an ecological approach, proves effective for the identification of interaction patterns in a group and for understanding the social artifices that help to understand performance in a team. Thus, teams come to be analyzed as social groups instead of isolated individuals. This study also presents the main practical applications of this evaluation instrument in different group sports such as soccer football, indoor soccer, handball, basketball and volleyball.

Resumen Meli Neto, B., Fuini Puggina, E., Pombo Menezes, R., Cláudio Machado, J., Vanella, R. y Aquino, R. (2021). Análisis de redes sociales en el deporte desde el punto de vista del enfoque ecológico. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-19. El análisis del rendimiento está relacionado con la pedagogía del deporte. Las bases teóricas que sustentan las selecciones metodológicas deben estar bien establecidas para que haya una convergencia entre los instrumentos de evaluación y el proceso de enseñanza y entrenamiento. Este ensayo pretende presentar y discutir la importancia y representatividad del análisis de redes sociales para evaluar el rendimiento en los deportes de equipo. El objetivo principal del análisis de redes sociales es estudiar la relación entre los jugadores para identificar las posibles causas y consecuencias de los eventos durante el partido. Así, el análisis de redes sociales es diferente de los análisis tradicionales, en los que el foco principal está en el sujeto, o de los análisis notacionales, que son más utilizados y acumulan la frecuencia de los eventos ocurridos (por ejemplo, los goles marcados, la posesión del balón, las zonas de remate). Esta herramienta de evaluación, posicionada teóricamente en un enfoque ecológico, se muestra eficaz para la identificación de los patrones de interacción en un grupo y la comprensión de los artificios sociales que ayudan a entender el rendimiento de un equipo. Así, los equipos pasan a ser analizados como grupos sociales y no como sujetos aislados. En este ensayo, también se exponen las principales aplicaciones prácticas de esta herramienta de evaluación en diferentes deportes de equipo, como el fútbol, el fútbol sala, el balonmano, el baloncesto y el voleibol.

Inferência baseada em magnitude: um olhar para análise individual / Magnitude-based inference: looking at the individual analysis

Os testes de hipótese são amplamente empregados para análise de dados na área de ciência do esporte. Porém, existe um questionamento em relação a utilização desse método e a comunidade científica ainda procura soluções mais adequadas para a análise dos dados. De fato, esse tipo de análise não permite uma interpretação prática das mudanças observadas ao longo do tempo. Por conta disso, o cálculo da "in ferência baseada em magnitude" (IBM) vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado por pesquisadores e analistas de desempenho. Em uma perspectiva aplicada, a IBM permite avaliar a probabilidade de se encontrar diferenças relevantes (i.e., meaningful differences) nas variáveis investigadas. Da mesma forma, a IBM permite examinar com precisão as variações individuais e importantes no desempenho esportivo. O objetivo desse ponto de vista é apresentar e discutir a aplicação da IBM a partir das análises individuais. Para tanto o trabalho aborda os seguintes temas: 1) utilização da análise de dados no "mundo real"; 2) inferência baseada em magnitude: conceitos básicos; 3) aplicando a IBM no contexto do esporte; 4) classificações qualitativas com base nas mudanças observadas; 5) formas de se obter a mínima mudança válida importante e o erro típico; 6) análise e interpretação dos dados. Esperamos que o conteúdo apresentado encoraje pesquisadores e profissionais do esporte a implementar esse novo método de análise em suas rotinas diárias e, ao mesmo tempo, lhes auxilie na interpretação dos dados provenientes das avaliações e testes de desempenho.(AU)

Null hypothesis tests are widely used for data analysis in sport science. However, the scientific community has been questioning this method and is still looking for alternative approaches for data analyses. In fact, this type of analysis does not allow practical interpretation of the changes observed in athletic performance over time. Therefore, the magnitude-based inference (MBI) method has been increasingly used by researchers and performance analysts. From an applied perspective, this method allows examining the probability of finding meaningful differences in assessed variables. In addition, the MBI enables precise assessment of individual changes, which may be releva nt to sport performance. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the application of the individual MBI analysis. Based on this purpose, the manuscript covers the following topics: 1) utilization of data analysis in real world settings; 2) basic concepts of the MBI; 3) applying the MBI approach in sport science; 4) qualitative classifications based on observed changes; 5) different methods to determine the smallest worthwhile change and the typical error; 6) data analysis and interpretation. We hope that this study will encourage practitioners and r esearchers to implement this novel statistical approach in their daily routines, for analysis and interpretation of data collected during physical performance measurements.(AU)

An empirical study on the evaluation of the educational quality of clinical practice bases for master of nursing specialist / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To compile the evaluation scale of the quality of education in the clinical practice base of full-time Master of Specialist Nursing (MNS) based on student participation and the SERVQUAL model, evaluate the quality of clinical practice base, and provide reference for the evaluation of clinical practice base.Methods:Based on the theory of student participation and the SERVQUAL model, the evaluation scale of the educational quality of clinical practice base of MNS was constructed. By facilitating sampling methods, 176 MNS students from 11 universities in 6 provinces were selected, and a questionnaire of self-compiled general information and a survey of the evaluation scale of education quality of MNS clinical practice base were distributed.Results:The evaluation scale of education quality of clinical practice base of MNS contained 28 entries in five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, guarantee and empathy. The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was from 0.983 to 0.987, item level content validity index was from 0.92 to 0.96, scale level content validity index was 1 and the correlated coefficient of the structural validity Pearson was from 0.785 to 0.966. To explore factor analysis, the dimension value of the scale KMO value was greater than 0.7, and the expected part and the actual feel part KMO value were 0.956 and 0.963 respectively. The number of common factors was 2 and 3 respectively, and the cumulative interpretation variation was 79.1% and 78.4% respectively.The actual perception of the quality of education in the clinical practice base of MNS was lower than expected, and the differences in entries were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The analysis of multiple linear regression showed that the teaching time and level of clinical practice base undertaken by clinical practice base were the main factors affecting the expectation and actual feeling value ( P<0.05). The importance performance analysis analysis found that 11 entries were in the advantage zone, 3 entries were in the maintenance area, 12 entries were in the minor improvement area and 2 entries were in the priority improvement area. Conclusions:The evaluation scale of the quality of education of the clinical practice base of MNS have good confidence and validity. The actual degree of educational quality of the clinical practice base of MNS is lower than expected. The teaching time and level of clinical practice base undertaken by clinical practice base are the main factors that affect expectation and actual feeling. It is urgent to improve the theoretical knowledge and practice level of tutors and deal with occupational exposure experienced by MNS students.

Efeito de diferentes métodos de treinamento sobre o desempenho tático-técnico e a tomada de decisão de atletas masculinos do voleibol de praia / Effect of different training methods on tactical-technical performance and decision-making of beach volleyball male athletes

RESUMO Os métodos de treinamento são ferramentas diferenciais para melhorar o desempenho tático-técnico de equipes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito de seis semanas na aprendizagem/desempenho segundo a utilização de dois métodos. Participaram 16 atletas masculinos. O estudo teve duração de dez semanas, dividido em três fases principais: avaliações pré, intervenção e avaliações pós. Nas fases pré e pós foram realizadas avaliações do desempenho tático-técnico e a tomada de decisão no ataque. A intervenção foi realizada com três sessões de treinamento por semana no período de seis semanas para cada grupo de acordo com o método (analítico e situacional) e ao final da sessão foram realizados jogos tradicionais e/ou adaptados. Na eficácia das ações com o método de treinamento situacional, a recepção (p= 0,014) e o levantamento (p= 0,004) apresentaram aumento entre os momentos pré vs. pós. No coeficiente de desempenho com o método de treinamento situacional, a recepção (p= 0,025) e o levantamento (p= 0,020) também apresentaram aumento entre os momentos pré vs. pós. E na tomada de decisão do ataque, o grupo situacional (p= 0,019) promoveu adaptações superiores ao método análitico. Conclui-se que o método situacional promove aos atletas iniciantes de voleibol de praia aprendizado em relação aos fundamentos de recepção de saque e levantamento, como também para a tomada de decisão do ataque.

ABSTRACT Training methods are differential tools for improving the tactical and technical performance of teams. The aim of the presente study was to analyze the effect of six weeks on learning/performance using two methods. 16 male athletes participated. The study lasted ten weeks, divided into three main phases: pre, intervention and post evaluations. In the pre and post phases were performed evaluations of tactical-technical performance and decision making in the attack. The intervention was performed with three training sessions per weeks for each group according to the method (analytical and situational) and at the end of the session traditional and/or adapted games were performed. In the effectiveness of actions with the situational training method, the reception (p= 0.014) and the survey (p= 0.004) showed an increase between the pre vs. pos moment. In the performance coefficient with the situational training method, the reception (p= 0.025) and the survey (p= 0.020) also showed an increase between the pre vs. pos moment. And in the decision making of the attack, the situational group (p= 0.019) promoted superior adaptations to the analytical method. It is concluded that the situational method promotes beginners to beach volleyball learning in relation to the fundamentals of receiving service and lifting, as well as for decision making of the attack.

Design and performance analysis of elastic temporomandibular joint structure of biomimetic masticatory robot / 生物医学工程学杂志

Masticatory robots have a broad application prospect in the field of denture material tests and mandible rehabilitation. Mechanism type of temporomandibular joint structure is an important factor influencing the performance of the masticatory robot. In view of the wide application of elastic components in the field of the biomimetic robot, an elastic component was adopted to simulate the buffering characteristics of the temporomandibular joint disc and formed the elastic temporomandibular joint structure on the basis of point-contact high pair. Secondly, the influences of the elastic temporomandibular joint structure (on mechanism degree, kinematics, dynamics, etc.) were discussed. The position and velocity of the temporomandibular joint were analyzed based on geometric constraints of the joint surface, and the dynamic analysis based on the Lagrange equation was carried out. Finally, the influence of the preload and stiffness of the elastic component was analyzed by the response surface method. The results showed that the elastic temporomandibular joint structure could effectively guarantee the flexible movement and stable force of the joint. The elastic joint structure proposed in this paper further improves the biomimetic behavior of masticatory robots. It provides new ideas for the biomimetic design of viscoelastic joint discs.

The three and six-substitution rules in football: A preliminary comparative analysis in quantitative replacing, game statistics, win rate and winning probability

Abstract Aims: The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the 3- and 6-substitution rule and qualification round on substitution pattern, game statistics, win rate, and winning probability in Brazil's largest U-20 football tournament. Methods: We analyzed 1,339 matches from the São Paulo Junior Football Cup implementing a before-after design considering 6 years (three seasons for 3-subs and three for 6-subs). Results: Approximately 31% of teams used the total number of replacements of 6-subs with the same substitution pattern between rounds. The win rate for both substitution rules was approximately 79% (OR = 3.10, 95%CI [2.18, 4.51]) with a small reduced magnitude (approximately 5%) in 6-subs knockout games. Logistic regression analysis showed that the 6-subs regulation tournament predicted a reduced probability (-12%) of a match ending with a win in the knockout round. There were 6-subs knockout effects (p < 0.05) on game statistics with "negligible" effect size (ES) on "effective playing time" (+1 min; ES = 0.15); decreased "goal scoring" (-0.3;ES = 0.09) and "red cards" per match (-0.1; ES = 0.06). An ordered probit model and partial effects showed that including a replacement unit on a team increased the winning probability by 8% in the group stage, and reduced the chance (-4%) for the opponents trying to do the same in the knockout stage. Conclusion: Overall, 6-subs caused minor effects on the game statistics, win rate, and winning probability. Understanding substitution strategies and motivation, individual and collective performance effects, and whether there will be changes in the game profile will become relevant research issues when a greater number of substitutions rules are universally instituted.

Player turnover and team performance in FIFA Women's World Cup

Aims: The specific aims of this study were to characterize player turnover on FIFA Women's World Cup (1991-2015), and to explore the relationship between the turnover rate and team performance. Methods: We analyzed the seven national teams that participated in all of the seasons of the women's World Cup: Brazil, Germany, Japan, Nigeria, Norway, Sweden, and the USA. The full name of the players was used to analyze which athlete was maintained or substituted from a season to another. The names of the players were retrieved from the official FIFA website. Player turnover was measured by the percentage of players that were on a team in one season and were not on the roster on the following edition. The performance was measured by the final classification of the teams. Results: The results showed that most players participated only in one season of the championship. An average rate of 53% of player turnover per team was found by edition, which represents, approximately, 13 substituted athletes. Medalist teams showed lower player turnover (48%) compared to the non-medalist teams (57%) (p-value=0.0305; ES=0.69). Furthermore, teams that were classified for the quarterfinals decreased player turnover in the next season (p-value=0.0408, ES=0.89), maintaining a good performance (χ²=4.114, p-value=0.042). We could not find any influence of higher turnover rates on team performance (χ²=0.535, p-value=0.464). Conclusion: The present study found that lower rates of player turnover may be beneficial for team performance in the FIFA Women's World Cup. When successful teams decrease their turnover rate, sports performance seems to be maintained.(AU)

Are there differences in the technical actions performed by players from different playing position during small-sided games? / Existem diferenças nas ações técnicas realizadas por jogadores de diferentes posições durante os pequenos jogos?

Abstract This study aimed to compare technical actions of soccer players from different playing position during small-sided games in which teams were composed of playersfrom the same position (e.g., three defenders). In total, 14 U-14 soccer players (14.43 ± 0.16 years), four defenders, four midfielders and four forwards, as well as 2 non-evaluated goalkeepers, participated in this study. The incidence of technical actions performed by players was analyzed through proportion chi-square test and omega effect sizes, and significance level was set at 5%. Results showed no differences in technical actions performed by players from different playing positions (p>0.05, small effect size). Thus, it is suggested that the 3v3 small-sided game, with teams composed of athletes with the same playing position, is characterized by a more general training stimulus, which can be particularly useful during the first years of deliberate practice.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou comparar as ações técnicas de jogadores de futebol de diferentes posições em pequenos jogos com equipes compostas por atletas de mesma posição (e.g., três defensores). Participaram do estudo 14 atletas de futebol categoria sub-14 (14,43 ± 0,16 anos) divididos em 4 defensores, 4 meio-campistas e 4 atacantes, além de dois goleiros não avaliados. A incidência das ações técnicas realizadas foi analisada por meio do teste de qui-quadrado de proporções e do tamanho do efeito ômega, mantendo-se nível de significância em 5%. Os resultados apontam para a ausência de diferenças nas ações técnicas realizadas por jogadores de diferentes posições (p>0,05, tamanho do efeito pequeno). Desta forma, sugere-se que o pequeno jogo 3v3, com equipes compostas por atletas de mesma posição, permite um estímulo geral em relação às especificidades do estatuto posicional, apresentando-se particularmente útil em momentos iniciais da formação esportiva.

Analysis on Supply-side Structural Reform Strategy of Drug Distribution Based on Structure-conduct-per-formance Analysis Paradigm / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide basic industrial research and development recommendations for the supply-side structural reform in drug distribution in China. METHODS:Structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analysis paradigm from Harvard was used for in-depth study of market structure,business conduct and business performance in China since 2010. RESULTS:Since 2010, drug distribution industry in China had shown the scale of decline in the growth rate,low market concentration,increased barriers to entry,the leading of state-owned capital,etc. Though corporate mergers and acquisitions and public financing expanded the scale,management information,third-party logistics,Internet+and pharmacy alliance business model flourished,the industry op-erating performance was poor,state-owned enterprises showed poor performance. CONCLUSIONS:The transformation and upgrad-ing of the industry business model should be promoted by targetedly accelerating the supply-side structural reforms in the drug distri-bution industry,encouraging corporate finance mergers,breaking local protectionism,developing cooperative pharmacies and phar-maceutical third-party logistics alliances and leveraging the Internet.

Optimization Research of the Satisfaction of Health Wechat Users of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on IPA Evaluation / 医学信息学杂志

Taking the Wechat public service platform of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yunnan- Yunnan Zhongyi as an example,the paper uses the Importance-performance Analysis (IPA) and corresponding analysis method,from the users' satisfaction perspective,evaluates 28 satisfaction indicators,discusses the relationship between the importance recognition of health Wechat of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and user characteristic,so as to propose the development of individual TCM health information recommendation and strengthen the effective interaction of platform users.

Reliability of physical, physiological and tactical measures in small-sided soccer Games with numerical equality and numerical superiority / Confiabilidade das medidas de demanda física, fisiológica e tática em pequenos jogos com superioridade e igualdade numérica no futebol

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the physical, physiological (HR) and tactical demands of small-sided soccer games (SSG) with numerical equality (3x3) and numerical superiority (4x3). Eighteen male players of a soccer team played against each other both types of SSG, both played as two 4-minute bouts interspersed with 4-minute rest. Physical (distances, velocities and accelerations) and HR demands were recorded by a GPS system (15hz) and a heart rate monitor during SSG. The individual tactical behaviors proposed by the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer were registered by an observer who analyzed the SSG videos. Reliability was verified calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the absolute and percentage standard error of measurement (SEM and %SEM, respectively), both considering athletes’ individual scores in each SSG bout. As a result, higher number of variables related to physical and physiological demands presented significant ICC values, being classified as moderate to excellent in relation to variables related to tactical demands. Considering these variables that presented significant ICC values in both SSG, the SEM% values found for physical and physiological variables ranged from 3.0 to 42.0%, while those found for the tactical variables ranged from 31.6 to 75.0%. It could be concluded that several variables related to physical and physiological demands present moderate to excellent reliability. Differently, the majority of variables related to tactical demands were not reliable in both types of SSG.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a confiabilidade das demandas física, fisiológica (FC) e tática em configurações de pequenos jogos (PJ) em igualdade (3x3) e superioridade numérica (4x3) no futebol. Dezoito jogadores do sexo masculino de uma equipe de futebol jogaram entre si os dois tipos de PJ, com duas séries de 4 minutos e 4 minutos de pausa entre elas. Durante os jogos, as variáveis relacionadas à demanda física (distâncias, velocidades, acelerações) e fisiológica foram registradas utilizando-se um equipamento de GPS (15hz) e um cardiofrequencímetro. Os comportamentos táticos individuais propostos pelo Sistema de Avaliação Tática no Futebol foram registrados por um avaliador partir da análise da filmagem dos jogos. A confiabilidade das medidas foi verificada considerando os valores individuais de cada atleta em cada série de PJ, por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e do erro padrão de medida absoluto e percentual (EPM e EPM%, respectivamente). Como resultado, um maior número de variáveis relacionadas às demandas física e fisiológica apresentaram valores de CCI significativos com classificação moderada a excelente em relação às variáveis relacionadas à demanda tática. Considerando as variáveis com valores de CCI significativos em ambas as configurações de jogo, o EPM% variou entre 3,0 e 42,0% para as variáveis físicas e para a FC, e de 31,6 a 75,0% para as variáveis relativas à demanda tática. Conclui-se que diversas variáveis relacionadas às demandas física e fisiológica apresentaram confiabilidade moderada à excelente. Diferentemente, a maioria das medidas relacionadas à demanda tática não foi confiável em ambos PJ.

Importance-performance Analysis of Patients' and Nurses' perspectives on Rehabilitation Nursing Services / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study attempted to understand patients' and nurses' perspectives on the priority of rehabilitation nursing services using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). METHODS: This study used descriptive research design. Data were collected from 121 patients and 144 nurses using self-reported questionnaires. Statistical analysis included an independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and IPA conducted using SPSS/WIN 21.0 version. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the patients' and nurses' mean scores on perceptions of the importance (t=-0.83, p=.409) and performance (t=-0.32, p=.751) of rehabilitation nursing services. The IPA matrix showed a difference between patients and nurses in terms of their perceived priority of nursing services. Regarding the perception of patients, "helping a patient to continue to practice bedside physiotherapy and occupational therapy", "providing information on the proper care agency and community resources", and "providing education for the prevention of complications" fell in the "concetrate here" area (2nd quadrant). CONCLUSION: The results showed that the priorities of patients and nurses did not match in terms of some of the rehabilitation nursing services. Thus, rehabilitation nursing services need to be provided based on the patients' needs. Allocation of resources for the service items that fell in the "concentrate here" area of the IPA need be reconsidered for the quality in nursing care.

Importance-Performance Analysis of Clinical Nutrition Management in Convalescent Hospitals in the Gyeongnam Area

The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance-performance of clinical nutrition management in convalescent hospitals. The research was carried out based on questionnaires administered from March to April, 2015 to 73 dietitians at 40 convalescent hospitals in the Gyeongnam area. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores for importance (4.01/5.00) and performance (2.95/5.00) of clinical nutrition management. The importance and performance grid analysis showed that participation in a nutritional management committee, administration of patients using a cooperation program among hospital departments, cooperation with a medical team on patient's nutrition status, nutrition initial assessment, nutrition care process for patients showing malnutrition, nutrition care process for tube feeding patients, management of a therapeutic diet, meal management using dietary slip instructions including a therapeutic diet, and explication of a therapeutic diet for patients scored high regarding importance and performance (doing great area). Medical records on patient's nutrition management, and nutrition counseling for requested patient scored low regarding the importance and high regarding performance (overdone area). Participation in medical rounds, personal nutrition education for patients, group nutrition education for patients, nutrition education for medical teams, development of a menu for therapeutic diet and standardized recipes, and provision of information on diet therapy for patients after discharge scored low regarding importance and performance (low priority area). Accreditation of convalescent hospitals and interest of medical professionals in clinical nutrition management were effective variables for the importance-performance gap of clinical nutrition management. In conclusion, the accreditation process and positive awareness of medical professionals with regard to clinical nutrition management had positive effects on reduction of the importance-performance gap in clinical nutrition management at convalescent hospitals. The strength of clinical nutrition management in the accreditation and development of an education program for increasing medical team or administrator interest in clinical nutrition management could lead to improvement of clinical nutrition management for elderly patients in convalescent hospitals.

Establishment and Continuous Quality Improvement of Outpatient Pharmacy Work Pattern Based on the Application of the Automatic Drug Dispensing Machine / 中国药师

Objective:To provide reference for the pharmacy automation construction in outpatient pharmacy of domestic hospitals. Methods:The work process, application effect and patient satisfaction before and after the use of automatic drug dispensing machine were analyzed and compared by the data collection and questionnaire according to the operation practice of automatic drug dispensing machine in the outpatient pharmacy of our hospital. Results:After using the automatic dispensing machine, the work flow could be op-timized, the comprehensive benefit and the satisfaction of patients could be improved, and the investment return rate was promising. Conclusion:Automatic pharmacy is the direction of modern pharmacy construction, which has a good application prospect.

Space protection dynamics in basketball: validation and application to the evaluation of offense-defense patterns

The aims of this study were twofold: i) to validate classes of defensive actions (i.e., space protection dynamics - SPDs) for containing offense in basketball; and ii) to propose a novel approach to analyze matches based on the interaction of a space creation dynamic (SCD) and a respective SPD. Kappa statistics revealed high intra- and inter-raters values, supporting the reliability of the defined SPDs. Six matches of the Spanish professional basketball finals were analyzed to achieve the second purpose of the present study. The SCD-SPD couples of actions were analyzed regarding their frequency of occurrence and variety until a scoring attempt. Teams' utilization of sequences of SCDs and SPDs was similar and short in length. Additionally, combining a second action with the first seemed to positively impact on offense success. The analysis of SCDs-SPDs interactions comprehend an innovative approach to the tactical evaluation of matches and may be helpful to interpret teams playing patterns.

O estudo teve dois objetivos: i) validar classes de ações defensivas para contenção do ataque no basquetebol (i.e. dinâmicas de proteção de espaço - DPEs); ii) propor uma nova abordagem para analisar partidas de basquetebol baseada nas interações entre uma dinâmica de criação de espaço (DCE) e a respectiva DPE. A estatística Kappa revelou elevada concordância intra- e inter avaliadores, confirmando a reprodutibilidade das DPEs definidas. Seis partidas das finais do campeonato espanhol de basquetebol foram analisadas. DCEs-DPEs foram analisadas quanto a sua frequência de ocorrência e diversidade de ações até a realização de uma finalização. A utilização de DCEs-DPEs foi semelhante entre as equipes e de pequeno comprimento. Além disso, a combinação de uma segunda ação com a primeira pareceu ter um impacto positivo no sucesso do ataque. A análise das interações entre DCEs-DPEs constitui uma abordagem inovadora para a avaliação tática das partidas e pode contribuir para a interpretação dos padrões de jogo das equipes.

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron dos: i) validar clases de acciones defensivas para contención ofensiva en baloncesto (i.e. dinámicas de protección del espacio - DPEs); y ii) proponer un nuevo abordaje para analizar partidos de baloncesto basado en la interacción entre una dinámica de creación del espacio (DCE) y una respectiva DPE. La estadística Kappa reveló grande concordancia intra- e inter-evaluadores, confirmando la reproductibilidad de las DPEs. Seis partidos de las finales del campeonato de baloncesto de España fueron analizadas para alcanzar el segundo objetivo del presente estudio. Los pares de acción DCE-DPE fueron analizados cuanto a la frecuencia de ocurrencia y variedad hasta el momento de la finalización. La utilización de DCEs-DPEs por los equipos fue similar y con secuencias cortas. Además, una segunda acción combinada con la primera pareció tener un impacto positivo en el éxito del ataque. El análisis de la interacción DCEs-DPEs consiste un abordaje innovador para la evaluación táctica de los partidos y puede contribuir para interpretar patrones de juego.