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Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria. It is rich in a variety of amino acids, vitamins, proteins and active enzymes. It has a number of biological activities, such as thrombolysis, prevention of osteoporosis, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and so on. It is widely used in medicine, health-care food, biocatalysis and other fields. Natto is rich in many pharmacological active substances and has significant medicinal research value. This paper summarizes the pharmacological activities and applications of natto in and outside China, so as to provide references for further research and development of natto.
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After the compatibility of Astragali Radix and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, most of the effective components of Astragali Radix increase, and the bioavailability is improved. Compared with the application of the two drugs alone, it can enhance the effects of immune regulation, anti-tumor, diuresis, lung protection, regulation of flora, and intestinal protection. However, the optimal compatibility ratio of Astragali Radix- Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma pair to exert various pharmacological effects still needs to be clarified. The drug pair and related preparations are mostly used in the treatment of nephropathy, but its mechanism of action needs to be further elucidated.
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Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestine, demonstrating an increasing incidence every year. TongXieYaoFang (TXYF) has been used widely in China as a complementary therapy to relieve the symptoms of IBD for hundreds of years. In the present research, a network pharmacology-based approach was used to systematically explore the intrinsic mechanisms of TXYF in IBD at the molecular level. Network pharmacology-based methods, which mainly included database mining, screening of bioactive compounds, target prediction, collection of IBD-related targets, gene enrichment analysis, network construction, and molecular docking, were employed in the present study. Network analysis revealed a total of 108 potential targets derived from 22 component compounds of TXYF, among which 34 targets were common with the IBD-related targets. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, 10 key targets were identified. The gene enrichment analysis suggested that anti-inflammatory processes, such as NF-kappa B signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, could be the core processes involved in the action of TXYF in IBD. Molecular docking results revealed that three compounds present in TXYF exhibited strong binding affinity for PTGS2. The present study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and network approaches of TXYF action in IBD from a systemic perspective. The potential targets and pathways identified in the present study would assist in further research on the clinical application of TXYF in IBD therapy.
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology , Intestines/abnormalities , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods , NF-kappa B , Toll-Like Receptors , Network Pharmacology/instrumentationABSTRACT
Background: Unani concept of therapeutic interchange, despite having immense practical aspect, has notbeen touched upon in a coherent way by most of the Unani scholars except Razi (Rhazes 865e925 AD),who took the concept plausibly and framed rules for alternate drug prescription at the time ofunavailability of the drugs of choice.Objective: The Unani concept of therapeutic interchange is based on similarity in action, temperamentand physical properties of drugs mainly botanicals, which are already established and need no furtherdiscussion; however, phytochemistry has not been considered a basis for substitution. Therefore,objective of this study was evaluation of the concept on phytochemical parameters as actions of mostdrugs are due to phytoconstituents.Material and methods: Classical Unani literature pertaining to therapeutic interchange and ethnobotanical literature for uses and phytoconstituents of three botanicals and their respective substitutes werereviewed. Ethnobotanical literature was collected from well known search engine viz., PubMed, GoogleScholar, Scopus and Science direct. In view of exploring the concept on scientific basis, physicochemical,phytochemical and analytical (HPLC, GCeMS) studies were also conducted.Results: The study exhibited similarity in phytoconstituents in main and substitute botanicals withinsignificant differences. Direct relation between doses, actions, intensity of actions, temperament andchemical constituents of main and substitute botanicals was observed.Conclusion: The study, however, seemed to validate the concept on the basis of phytoconstituents, furtherpharmacological studies on the basis of properties and activities is required to strengthen the concept
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This paper is based on the literature of the last ten years by summarizing and analyzing the progress in the study of Rehmanniae Radix, focusing on the research progress are reviewed at the dynamic changes of the main Chemical indicators of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, objective expression of four kinds of processed products (Steamed, steamed with wine, wine stew, ancient law (steamed for nine times and shined for nine times) ) and the objective expression of four kinds of processed products and the change of the pharmacological effects.There are many objective expression methods for processing end points of different processed products of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, But processing are unclear until now. Innovative research on standardized unification and new research ideas are needed.
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Cynanchum is one of the most important genera in Asclepiadaceae family, which has long been known for its therapeutic effects. In this genus, 16 species are of high medicinal value. The extracts of the root and/or rhizome parts have been applied in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for the prevention and treatment of various illnesses for centuries. C21 steroids, as the typical constituents of Cynanchum species, possess a variety of structures and pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the comprehensive information on phytochemistry and pharmacology of C21 steroid constituents from Cynanchum plants, based on reports published between 2007 and 2015. Our aim is to provide a rationale for their therapeutic application, and to discuss the future trends in research and development of these compounds. A total of 172 newly identified compounds are reviewed according to their structural classifications. Their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies are also reviewed and discussed, focusing on antitumor, antidepressant, antifungal, antitaging, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitory, appetite suppressing and antiviral activities. Future research efforts should concentrate on in vitro and in vivo biological studies and structure activity relationship of various C21 steroid constituents.
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Animals , Humans , Cynanchum , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Steroids , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Thladiantha dubia Bunge is a traditional Chinese medicine in Manzu region applied in the treatment of pain in waist and leg, or strain in lumbar without adverse reaction. By referring to the relative literatures on Thladiantha dubia Bunge from home and abroad, the study progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Thladiantha dubia Bunge in the recent 30 years were reviewed to lay foundation for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.
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Nature Calculus Bovis is one of the precious traditional Chinese medicines, which is the dried gallstone in gallbladder, bile duct or hepatic duct. In order to meet the clinical needs, we have developed artificial Calculus Bovis, invitro and other varieties. Calculus Bovis mainly contains bile pigments, bile acids, amino acids, inorganic elements and other types of components. Besides bile pigments, bile acids is the second largest of the active ingredients of Calculus Bovis, which is closely related to the antipyretic and analgesic, antiinflammatory effect and depressurization. The article outlines and summarizes the study progress in pharmacological effects and quantitative methods for components of bile acids in Calculus Bovis and its substitutes and preparations, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent research as well as quality control.
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Objective:To provide reference information for the further study and rational clinical application of Shuxuetong Injec-tion. Methods:Referred to the literatures on Shuxuetong Injection, the pharmacological actions and clinical application were intro-duced. Results:The development status of Shuxuetong Injection was summarized, and the pharmacological actions and clinical applica-tion were reviewed in the paper. Conclusion:When used alone or combined used with other medicines, Shuxuetong Injection have sig-nificant effects in the treatment of some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially ischemic stroke. However, the active constituents in Shuxuetong Injection still need further studies.
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Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used in clinical for a long time. In recent years, many studies showed that its pharmacological activities of anti-tumor, heart function improvement, nerve protection and antiasthma depended on its inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMPs) . In the present paper,the new pharmacological actions of doxycycline were reviewed to promote the applications in clinics.
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Changium smyrnioides (C . smyrnioides) Wolff is one species of monotypic genus in the A piaceae family w hich is a Chinese endemic species medicinal plant .It has the effect of nourishing the body ,improving health ,moiste‐ning the lung ,eliminating sputum and suppressing cough ,regulating stomach and relieving vomiting ,neutralizing toxins and subsiding swelling .C .smyrnioides as one kind of medicinal food and tonic agents ,is one of the important export medicinal ma‐terials .The tonic effect may be related with immuno‐regulatory ,anti‐fatigue and anti‐stress activities ,and polysaccharides are the main active constituents .The progress of the active constituents and pharmacological actions of C .smyrnioides are re‐viewed to provide basis for future rational development and utilization .
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Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma is a traditional Chinese medicine, and the effect of antiperspirant has been recorded in books on Chinese medicines in all dynasties. By referring the relative literatures on Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma from home and abroad, the study progress in the chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and clinical application of Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma in the latest 40 years were reviewed to lay foundation for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of Ephedrae Radix Et Rhizoma.
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Viniferin is the generic term of oligomers of resveratrol, which acts as phytoalexin in Leguminosae, Polygonaceae, Vitaceae, Ranunculaceae, Dipterocarpaceae and other plants. Viniferin plays important physiological roles in protecting against UV damage and resisting bacterial fungal and viral infection in plants. Nevertheless, these oligomers have shown various pharmacological activities including antioxidative activities, anti-pathogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. This paper review the recent advances in research of viniferins microbes to show their key pharmaceutical activities for pharmaceutic references.
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Background: Naphthoquinones are natural pigments that are widely distributed in nature and have important biological activities. Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) and its synthetic derivatives, and especially those containing nitrogen, have promising potential for the treatment of different diseases due to their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and antiparasitic effects, and for pest control via their molluscicidal and insecticidal activities. Their pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action are related to their oxide/reduction and acid/base properties, and can be modulated by directly adding a substituted to the 1,4-naphthoquinone ring. Due to this, naphthoquinones and their derivatives are at the center of multiple areas of research. In this manuscript, we present a structured review of lawsone, a hydroxyl derivative of naphthoquinone, and discuss relevant reports about the chemistry and synthesis of derivatives. Finally, we present the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action reported. Objective: The purpose of this review is to present recent reports from the literature about the chemistry, synthesis and pharmacological properties of lawsone and its amine derivatives. Methods: This structured review presents a discussion about lawsone literature over the last ten years. The most representative studies including those about the chemistry of lawsone, the synthesis of its derivatives, and pharmacological properties were identified and selected. The information has been compiled, organized and presented into logical topics in order to provide a current review for the field of lawsone chemistry. Results: A general overview of the principal aspects of lawsone chemistry, the synthesis of its derivatives and their pharmacological activities and mechanism of action has been obtained. This provides researchers in the area with a framework from which to investigate further. Conclusions: Lawsone and its derivatives have promising potential for treating several diseases due to their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and antiparasitic effects and have the potential to control pests via their molluscicidal and insecticidal properties. For this reason, it would be of interest to evaluate the synthetic derivatives of this compound for their pharmacologic actions; in the future, synthetic derivatives of lawsone could potentially be used to treat disease and be used as pesticides.
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Humans , Naphthoquinones , Pest Control , Pharmacologic Actions , Lawsonia PlantABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are the nature’s gift to human being to make disease free healthy life. It plays a vital role to preserve our health. In our country more than 2000 medicinal plants are recognized. Erythrina indica (Fabaceae) is one of the important medicinal plants of coasts of India and Malaysia. Some of its medicinal usage has been mentioned in traditional system of medicine such as ayurveda, siddha and unani. This review attempts to encompass the available literature of Erythrina indica with respect to traditional uses, phytochemistry and summary of its pharmacological activities and clinical effects. Other aspects such as toxicity are mentioned.
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Objective: To make a comparative study on the root and stalk of Actinidia valvata, so as to lay a ground for expanding medicinal part of Actinidia valvata. Methods: A comparative study was made between the root and stalk of Actinidia valvata on the following aspects: macroscopical properties, physical and chemical properties, contents of active constituents, and pharmacological actions. Results: The root and stalk of Actinidia valvata both showed positive reaction for alkaloids and saponin, and both had 280 nm absorption peak in UV-Vis spectrum. The aqueous extraction yield of the root and stalk were 5.35% and 5.68%, respectively; the contents of dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol were 0.005 01% and 0.006 41%, respectively. The IC50 of root and stalk extracts against HL60 were 62.39 mg and 75.51 mg, respectively; and against K562 were 70.47 mg and 77.46 mg, respectively. Their extracts had similar scavenging activity for free radicals and reductive effect; neither of them had analgesia actions. Conclusion: The root and stalk of Actinidia valvata have similar physical and chemical properties, contents of active constituents and pharmacological actions, suggesting that it is highly possible to substitute the root of Actinidia valvata with stalk for medicinal usage.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre Artemisia annua L., una hierba perteneciente al género Artemisia, la cual incluye alrededor de 400 especies. A. annua ha sido utilizada tradicionalmente como tratamiento herbario contra la malaria en China y en otras partes del mundo.OBJETIVOS: recopilar y actualizar la información publicada sobre A. annua.MÉTODOS: se realizó una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica que permitió identificar y consultar varias decenas de artículos científicos referentes a A. annua, sobre todo de los últimos 20 años, así como varios libros y monografías sobre la planta. En el presente trabajo se analizan los aspectos históricos más importantes relacionados con la planta, descripción botánica, origen y distribución geográfica, requerimientos ambientales, composición química, producción de aceites y sus propiedades farmacológicas...
INTRODUCTION: this is a bibliographic review on Artemisia annua L., a medicinal herb from Artemisia gender, which includes approximately 400 species. A. annua, traditionally is used as an herbal treatment against malaria in China and in other world zones.OBJETIVE: to collect and update the information published on Artemisia annua L. METHODS: authors conducted a wide bibliographic review allowed them to identify and to look for some ten scientific articles on A. annua, mainly of the past 20 years, as well as some books and monographs on this plant. Aim of present paper is to analyze the most important historical features related to this plant, a botanical description, origin and geographical distribution, environmental requirements, chemical composition, oil production and its pharmacological properties...
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Artemisia annua , Bibliography of Medicine , Drug SynergismABSTRACT
Emodin is the main effective monomer of Rhubarb, which has a variety of pharmacological actions and valuable clinical applications.Recently, there are many reports about molecular mechanisms of emodin pharmacological actions,and they givehighly attention on the dephlogisticating and antineoplastic effects. These effects are achieved through affecting the concentration and transportation of ions, resisting of oxidation and free radical, and affecting the secretion of inflammatory factor and the enzyme activity and apoptosis and so on. This article summarizes the reports and hopes to provide theoretical basis for the practical application.
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This article reviews the study on Compound Danshen Tablets. Based on collecting and analyzing literatures, about the pharmacological actions, preparation procedure, quality control methods, dosage improvement, etc. of Compound Danshen Tablets, it is considered that Compound Danshen Tablets has been extensively studied mrecent years, but quality control methods should be improved further and basic research should attract attention.
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Objective:To explore the pharmacological basis of clinical application of Dachaihu Decoction. Methods: The relevant relation between cilnical features of Dachaihu Decoction and its pharmacological actions are analysed. Results: The various clinical curative effects rest on its relevant pharmacological actions.Conclusion: The good clinical curative effects will be achieved according to Dachaihu Decoction.