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Objective: In most human communities, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is unregulated with negative impact on health. The liver is one of the major organs that bear the brunt of regular and or heavy consumption of alcohol. This study set out to elucidate the modulation of alcohol induced liver injury in wistar rat by aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus plant. Methodology: Five groups of six animals each were used for the study. Group CN was the control. The alcohol only group (ALC) had 1ml / 100g body weight (b.w) of 43% ethanol. The Extract only group (EXT) had 200mg/ Kg b.w of P.amarus aqueous extract. The Low Extract plus Alcohol group (LEA) had concomitant administration of 1ml/100g b. w of 43% ethanol with 200 mg/ Kg of the extract. The High Extract plus Alcohol group (HEA) had concomitant administration of 1ml/100g b. w of 43% ethanol and the extract at 400 mg/ Kg. The alcohol and extract were administered once daily for fourteen days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses, the animals sacrificed and livers harvested for histopathological analyses. Results: Group HEA had the highest mean body weight. The mean liver weight of group EXT was significantly higher than those of other groups. Both the total protein and its globulin fraction of the ALC group were significantly lower than those of others. The liver enzymes (Alanine and Aspartate transaminases) levels were significantly low in the ALC group. However, those of the LEA and HEA groups were comparable with the EXT group. The glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities of the LEA and HEA groups were significantly higher than that of ALC. Lipid peroxidation was most severe in the ALC group as evidenced by the significantly high malondialdehyde level. Histopathological sections of the liver revealed preserved hepatic architecture with pronounced steatosis in the ALC group. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus considerably reduced the severity of alcohol induced liver injury.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess cytotoxic activity of extracts and fractions from the Paramignya trimera root (PTR) and Phyllanthus amarus (PA) against two pancreatic cancer cell lines (primary: BxPc3 and secondary: CFPAC1). Materials and Methods: The root of PT and whole plant of PA were used in this study. The extracts and fractions from the PTR and PA were prepared using microwave-assisted extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using the Dojindo Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Results: The findings showed impressive cytotoxic capacity of the PTR extract against both pancreatic cancer cells of BxPc3 and CFPAC1 in a range of concentrations from 50 to 200 μg/mL, which was higher than those of ostruthin (67 μM), gemcitabine (50 nM), and four its fractions (50 μg/mL), and to be comparable to a saponin-enriched extract from Quillaja bark at 200 μg/mL. In contrast, the cytotoxic capacity of the PA extract and nine its fractions against these pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of gemcitabine (50 nM) and Quillaja bark extract (200 μg/mL) and being comparable to phyllanthin (4.8 μM). The IC50 values of the PTR extract against BxPc3 and CFPAC1 cancer cells were 32.12 and 36.65 μg/mL, respectively, which was much lower than that of the PA extract against CFPAC1 cancer cells (128.81 μg/mL). Conclusion: The outcomes obtained from this study reveal that the PTR extract is a lead source for the potential development of novel antipancreatic cancer drugs and/or functional foods
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OBJECTIVE@#To determine the changes in serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant levels among the knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients after treatment with Phyllanthus amarus (PP) by nanoparticle gel phonophoresis.@*METHODS@#This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control, parallel-group, clinical trial involving 30 subjects with mild-to-moderate degree of knee OA. The patients were allocated to two groups using a computer-generated random numbers, and received conventional ultrasound therapy (control group, 15 cases) and PP (treatment group, 15 cases) once daily for 10 sessions. The pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). Nitric oxide (NO) was determined by modified Griess reagent. The antioxidant effects, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were also measured by ELISA assay.@*RESULTS@#The VAS score was significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group after treatment (P<0.01). The serum concentrations of TNF-α and NO were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group (P<0.01) after treatment. However, the serum concentrations of SOD and TAC in the treatment group were significantly higher after treatment compared with the control group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#PP could alleviate knee pain and significantly reduce systemic anti-inflammatory effects in knee OA patients.
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Aim: This study evaluated the antimalarial activity of the crude extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, between February 2016 and August 2016. Methodology: Mice infected with Plasmodium berghei were administered orally with the crude extract of Phyllanthus amarus whole plant 72 hours post infection at doses ranging from 100-500 mg/kg/day, for five consecutive days. Chloroquine (5 mg/kg/day).and artesunate (50 mg/kg/day) were used as controls, while distilled water was administered to the negative control groups. N-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions, obtained from crude aqueous methanolic extract, were also evaluated for their inhibitory effect against P. berghei at doses ranging from 50-200 mg/kg/day. Level of parasitaemia, survival time, variations in the values of body weight and % PCV were monitored throughout the study period. Results: Crude extract of Phyllanthus amarus whole plant showed significant (P < 0.05) antiplasmodial activity in dose dependent pattern with 76.74% inhibition of parasite growth. Aqueous fraction at a dose of 200 mg/kg demonstrated significant antiplasmodial activity with %inhibition of parasite growth of 56.40. The variations in the values of weight and %PCV before and after treatment were not significant in both the crude and aqueous fraction. Significant inhibition of parasite growth by the crude extract and aqueous fraction resulted in longer mouse survival relative to the control, as confirmed in the mean survival time of the mice (27.67±1.45, 22.67±0.67, 29.33±0.67 and 6.67±0.88 days) for the crude extract (500mg/kg), aqueous fraction (200 mg/kg), chloroquine and negative control groups respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and saponins. Conclusion: The results indicate that the whole plant extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus have antimalarial property which can serve as a novel source for the development of new and affordable antimalarial agent.
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Background and Aim: Different parts of Phyllanthus amarus are being used in the treatment of different diseases in several parts of Nigeria without considering its safety. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of ingestion of methanolic leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus on the liver of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The acute oral toxicity of the leaf extract (LD50) was determined in 9 Wistar rats divided into 3 groups of 3 rats per group. Group 1 was the control and received distilled water. Different doses of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg were administered orally once to the study groups 2 and 3 respectively. A sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out in 25 Wistar rats, divided into five groups of 5 rats per group. Group 1 served as control and received distilled water. The remaining 4 groups (2, 3, 4 and 5) served as the study groups and were administered different doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of methanolic leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus respectively on a daily basis for 28 days. Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total and conjugated bilirubin (TB and CB), aspartate and alanine transaminase (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were assayed using standard techniques. Results: In the acute oral toxicity study, no death or any sign of toxicities were recorded in the rats after 24 hours and up to 14 days post oral administration and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in all the parameters analysed between the control and the study groups. In sub-chronic toxicity study, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in all parameters analysed between the control and study groups. Histology of the liver of the rats in both the acute and sub-chronic study showed normocytic and normochromic cells. Conclusion: Methanolic leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus is relatively non-toxic and is not likely to induce liver damage.
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Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the antidepressant effect of Phyllanthus amarus ethanolic extract in Wistar albino rats. Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Phyllanthus amarus [PAEE] at a dose of 100mg/kg/body weight was administered orally for ten days. On tenth day, after one hour, the animals were taken for forced swimming test, to assess the level of depression. Results: The results indicate PAEE has significant antidepressant activity Conclusions: The antidepressant activity of Phyllanthus amarus can be due to its effect on brain neurotransmitters or due to antioxidant property.
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Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of Phyllanthus amarus leaf meal on haematology and serum biochemical profile of broiler finishers vis a vis oxytetracycline, in order to serve a basis for further study focusing on antibacterial properties of Phyllanthus amarus. Study Design: The design of the study was completely randomised design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study lasted for 6 weeks. Methodology: One hundred and eight mixed-sex (Hybro PG) four-week old chicks were used for the study. Four dietary treatments were formulated. Each treatment had three replicates, while each replicate had nine birds. The experimental diets contained 0.25% of tetracycline (T1), 0.20%, 0.40%, and 0.60% of Phyllanthus amarus leaf meal for T2, T3, and T4 respectively. Results: Except for packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb), there were no significant differences across the treatments for all the haematological parameters measured. There were no significant differences across the treatments for all the serum biochemical profile measured except for albumin and alanine amino transferase (ALT). There was significant (P=.05) increase for albumin for all diets containing Phyllanthus amarus leaf meal. The highest mean value was recorded for birds in T3 (1.56 g/dl), followed by those in T2 (1.45 g/dl). Those in control diet (T1) had the least mean value (0.53 g/dl). ALT did not follow a specific pattern. Conclusion: Phyllanthus amarus leaf meal in the diets of broiler finisher chickens did not pose any health hazards to the haematological parameters and serum biochemical profile of the broiler finishers at the levels of inclusion.
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Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the hypoglycemic efficacy of methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Experimental Animal Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo Nigeria between September and March, 2013. Methodology: Twenty four rats sorted into 4 groups were used for the study. Rats in control group (group 1) received distilled water while diabetes was induced in groups 2-4 rats by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were treated with 500 mg/kg bw of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and whole plant extract of Phyllanthus amarus respectively for 14 days while group 2 rats were left untreated. Serum glucose and total protein concentrations were measured in the rats after treatment. Results: The two extracts reversed the alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic condition in rats as there was a significant reduction in blood glucose levels with Moringa oleifera having a more pronounced effect. Level of serum total protein was also significantly reduced in rats treated with the two extracts. Conclusion: This study is a further scientific validation of the widely claimed use of Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus as useful ethnomedical treatment for diabetes mellitus.
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This study was aimed to establish the HPLC fingerprint ofPhyllanthus urinaria Linn and Phyllanthusamarus Linn, in order to provide evidences for the study on material basis. Analysis was performed on an INDUSTRIES Epic C18 120A (5μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) column eluted with the acetonitrile (A) - water (0.1% phosphoric acid, V/V) gradient system as mobile phase. The wavelength was 254 nm and the flow rate was 1mL·min-1. The column temperature was 30℃. The injection volume was 10 μL. The results showed that the HPLC fingerprint ofPhyllanthus urinaria L. andPhyllanthus amarus L. were established. It was concluded that the method was simple, accurate and reproducible. This study provids experimental data for rapid quality identification and comprehensive evaluation ofPhyllanthus urinaria L. andPhyllanthus amarus L..
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Background: Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract was investigated for its central and peripheral analgesic activities. Objectives: To evaluate the central and peripheral analgesic activities of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. An in vivo study using Swiss albino mice was done to screen the central and peripheral analgesic activity of P.amarus extract. The extract was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight I.P. The peripheral analgesic activity was assessed using acetic acid induced writhing test.The central analgesic activity was assessed using Eddy’s hot plate apparatus. Results: The aqueous extract of P.amarus showed significant (p<0.05) peripheral and central analgesic activity.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that P.amarus aqueous extract exhibited significant analgesic activities.
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Medicinal plants constitute an important component of flora and are widely distributed in Bangladesh. The pharmacological evaluation of substances from plants is an established method for the identification of lead compounds which shows the way to the development of novel and safe medicinal agents. Based on the ethnopharmacological literature two widely used medicinal plants Phyllanthus amarus and Monstera deliciosa were chosen to investigate their cytotoxicity through brine shrimp lethality bioassay which is simple, reliable and convenient method for assessment of bioactivity of medicinal plants. The plants were collected from their natural habitat, dried under shade and extracted with ethyl acetate. In this study, ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus exhibited potent cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 9.15μg/ml and 20.16μg/ml of leaves and the whole plant respectively. Monstera deliciosa exhibited cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 36.60μg/ml and 300.4 μg/ml of leaves and branches respectively. From the result, it can be predicted that extractives of Phyllanthus amarus possess cytotoxic principles and showed significantly more potency than in leaves rather than whole plant. In case of Monstera deliciosa the extractives of leaves exhibited very mild mortality while the extractives of branches did not show considerable cytotoxicity.
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DNA sequencing of randomly chosen clones from a cDNA library allows thousands of different transcripts to be identified. However, since the likelihood of observing a given transcript is proportional to the expression level of that transcript in the tissue from which the library is derived, often transcripts are represented by several EST sequences. An expressed sequence tags (EST) analysis was undertaken to identify the genes present in the leaves of Phyllanthus amarus, which is a small tropical, glabrous herb with several health benefits. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, major bioactive components, present in highest amounts in the leaves, are of significant therapeutic importance like hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, etc. Taken together, sequencing of cDNA clones generated high-quality ESTs (Accession number: JK492908 to JK492964) with high similarities with genes from Ricinus communis, Onchocerca volvulus, Eucalyptus globules, Gossypium hirsutum, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum spp. and many more. A BLASTN analysis along with BLASTX analysis of all the unique sequences was performed and was grouped according to the reported activities. Results represented here is the first reference collection of ESTs from this commercially important medicinal herb. This study indicated that the leaf transcriptome contains series of interesting sequences like ALBINO3, ribulose-1, 5 bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RUBISCO), chloroplast photosystem II chlorophyll A/B-binding protein, stress-responsive proteins like methionine sulfoxide reductase type, etc.
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Objective: To assess the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of leaves and stem of Phyllanthus amarus and ethanolic extract of leaves of Tylophora indica against Isoniazid induced liver toxicity in experimental animals. Methods: Liver toxicity was induced by administering Isoniazid 27mg/kg orally for 30 days in Wistar albino rats. Ethanolic (90%) extracts of Phyllanthus amarus (PAEE) and Tylophora indica (TIEE) was administered orally to the experimental animals for 30days. The hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was assessed by analyzing the levels of various biochemical parameters like Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐Glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBL) and albumin (ALB) in serum. Mean while the levels of antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in rat liver homogenate. Results: The results showed that on administration of Isoniazid for 30 days caused a significant increase (p<0.001) in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TBL in serum. At the same time, the serum level of ALB was significantly (p<0.01) reduced in Isoniazid administered rats. The levels of SOD, CAT and GSH in liver homogenate were also decreased significantly (p< 0.01) in Isoniazid administered animals. The levels of above biochemical parameters were significantly (p< 0.001) reversed in rats which received PAEE and TIEE. Conclusion: The present study proves that the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Tylophora indica have a significant protective action against isoniazid induced hepatic injury.
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Aim: Phyllanthus amarus Schum (Euphorbiaceae) is an annual herbal shrub which has been used in traditional medicine in Nigeria to treat some disease conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus in experimental animal models hence confirming its folkloric use. Study Design: Forty healthy white Wister strain albino rats (100–200g) and forty mice (15–30g) of either sex bred in the experimental animal house of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria were used for the study. Forty rats were used for anti-inflammatory study while forty mice used for the analgesic study. In anti-inflammatory study, carrageenan and histamine-induced paw oedema were used while acetic acidinduced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test were deployed for analgesic test. Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; 2 months. Methodology: Soft drink extract (SDE) was prepared by dissolving ground plant materials (200g) in 1 L seven up (7 UP®) for 48 h, filtered, lyophilized and then used for the pharmacological investigations. Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for use. The anti-inflammatory activities were conducted using carrageenan and histamine to induce oedema in rats while analgesic activities were embarked upon using acetic acid- induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test. Results: The extract in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg at 3 hr showed 15.1 and 16.4% inhibition of histamine induced-paw oedema respectively while ibuprofen caused 9.6% inhibition at the same period. In the case of carrageenan induced paw oedema, the extract in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg at 4 hr showed 10.5 and 12.0% inhibition respectively while ibuprofen only caused 3% inhibition. In the acetic acid- induced writhing test, the extract showed a good analgesic activity characterized by a significant reduction in the number of writhes with 100 and 200 mg/kg doses used when compared to the control group. The result was also similar to the formalin-induced paw lick test. Conclusion: The soft drink leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. The activities of this extract were comparable to that of ibuprofen, the reference drug used in this study.
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Phyllanthus amarus (PA) is commonly used in traditional medicine for hepatoprotectivity. The major limitation is that, treatment requires a large quantity of herbal extract for a longer duration. Aim of the present study was to encapsulate ethanolic plant extract for sustained release of constituents in intestine and facilitate maximum absorption. The efficacy was compared for the hepatoprotective activity of nanoencapsulated ethanolic extract of P. amarus (NPA) and PA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxic male rats. Based on total phenol content (TPC), the loading efficiency of nanocapsules was 89% (pH 7.0) and optimum concentration was 2:18 (mg/mL) for plant extract: olive oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a spherical morphology, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) identified mean particle diameter as 213 nm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the phytoconstituents were stable. An oral dose of NPA (20 mg/kg body wt.) showed a better hepatoprotective activity than PA (100 mg/kg body wt.) and also repeated dose oral toxicity proved to be safe. These biochemical assessments were supported by rat biopsy examinations. In conclusion, the nanoemulsification method may be applied for poor water-soluble ethanolic herbal extracts to reduce the dosage and time.
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Objective To study the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus amarus. Methods Chromatography on silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 columm, recrystallization, and preparative HPLC technique were used to isolate and purify the compounds. Spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC were used to elucidate the structures of compounds. Results Nine compounds were obtained and identified as palmitic acid (1), 4-hydrobenzal dehyde (2), oleanolic acid (3), stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate (4), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (5), daucosterol (6), apigenin (7), luteolin (8), and phyllanoside (9). Conclusion Compound 9 is a new compound, named phyllanoside. Compounds 4-8 are isolated from the plant for the first time.
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Objective: To identify the possible antiplasmodial compounds from Achyranthes aspera (A. aspera), Acalypha indica (A. indica), Jatropha glandulifera (J. glandulifera) and Phyllanthusamarus (P. amarus). Methods: The A. aspera, A. indica, J. glandulifera and P. amarus were collected along Palk Strait and the extraction was carried out in ethanol. The filter sterilized extracts (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 μg/mL) of leaf, stem, root and flower extracts of A. aspera, A. indica, J. glandulifera and P. amarus were tested for antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodiumfalciparum. The potential extracts were also tested for their phytochemical constituents. Results:Of the selected plants species parts, the stem extract of A. indica showed excellent antiplasmodial activity (IC50= 43.81μg/mL) followed by stem extract of J. glandulifera (IC50= 49.14μg/mL). The stem extract of A. aspera, leaf and root extracts of A. indica, leaf, root and seed extracts of J.glandulifera and leaf and stem extracts of P. amarus showed IC 50 values between 50 and 100 μg/mL. Statistical analysis revealed that, significant antiplasmodial activity (P<0.01) was observed between the concentrations and time of exposure. The chemical injury to erythrocytes was also carried out and it showed that there were no morphological changes in erythrocytes by the ethanolic extract of all the tested plant extracts. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity might be due to the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, triterpenoids, proteins, and tannins in the ethanolic extracts of tested plants. Conclusions: The ethanolic stem extracts of P. amarus and J. glandulifera possess lead compounds for the development of antiplasmodial drugs.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate anticonvulsant effect of Phyllanthus amarus on maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures. Methods: The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and stems of P. amarus (70 mg/kg, p.o) were studied for their anticonvulsant effect on MES and PTZ induced seizures in Swiss albino rats. The latency of tonic convulsions and the number of animals protected from tonic convulsions were noted. Results: The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and stems of P. amarus (70 mg/kg, p.o) significantly (p<0.001) abolished the hind limb extension induced by MES. The same dose also significantly (p<0.001) protected the animals from PTZ induced tonic convulsions. Conclusions: The data suggests that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. amarus may produce its anticonvulsant effects via non-specific mechanisms since it abolished the hind limb extension induced by MES as well as delayed the latency of seizures produced by PTZ.
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A simple, precise and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of phyllanthin and is the important lignans of Phyllanthus amarus. Separation of phyllanthin was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 layers eluted with hexane: ethyl acetate (2:1), and the analytes were visualized through colour development with 10 percent concentrated sulphuric acid in ethanol. Scanning and quantification of spots was performed at 200 nm. The proposed method being precise and sensitive can be used for the detection, monitoring and quantification of phyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus.
Un método simple, preciso y rápido de cromatografía de capa fina de alto rendimiento ha sido desarrollado para la estimación de phyllantina y los lignanos importante de Phyllanthus amarus. La separación de phyllantina se llevó a cabo en capas de silica gel 60 F254 eluidas con hexano: acetato de etilo (2:1), y los analitos fueron visualizados mediante el desarrollo de color con un 10 por ciento de ácido sulfúrico concentrado en etanol. Los análisis y cuantificación de los puntos se realizó a 200 nm. El método fue validado.
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Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , Lignans/analysis , Phyllanthus/chemistryABSTRACT
The alkaloid securinine was assessed against spore germination of some plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia maculans, Curvularia pallenscens, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum sp., Erysiphe pisi, Helminthosporium echinoclova, Helminthosporium spiciferum, Heterosporium sp.). Spore germinations of all the tested fungi were inhibited. Alternaria brassicicola, C. lunata, C. pallenscens and H. spiciferum were highly sensitive as complete inhibition of spore germination was observed at very low concentrations (200 ppm).