Plasma lipid abnormalities in Pakistani population: trends, associated factors, and clinical implications

Previous studies have reported increased prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Indians and South Asian settlers in North America. This increased burden of CHD among South Asians is mainly caused by dyslipidemia. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous works has studied the patterns and prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Pakistani population. The present work aimed to study the plasma lipid trends and abnormalities in a population-based sample of urban and rural Pakistanis. The study included 238 participants (108 males,130 females). Plasma lipid profiles of the participants were determined using standard protocols. We observed that 63% of the study population displayed irregularities in at least one major lipid-fraction including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or triglycerides (TG). The most common form of isolated-dyslipidemia was low HDL-C (17.3%) followed by high TG (11.2%). Several overlaps between high TC, LDL-C, TG and low HDL-C were also noted. Gender, urbanization, and occupational class were all observed to have an impact on lipid profiles. Briefly, male, urban, and blue-collar participants displayed higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to female, rural, and white-collar participants, respectively. In comparison to normal subjects, dyslipidemic subjects displayed significantly higher values for different anthropometric variables including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference. The present work provides a comprehensive estimation of the prevalence of dyslipidemia and CHD risk in the Pakistani population. This information will be helpful for better healthcare planning and resource allocation in Pakistan.

Effects of Plasma Lipids and Statins on Cognitive Function / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Objective:</b>Dementia is the fourth most common cause of death in developed countries. The relationship between plasma lipids and cognitive function is complex and controversial. Due to the increasing life expectancy of the population, there is an urgent need to control vascular risk factors and to identify therapies to prevent and treat both cognitive impairment and dementia. Here, we reviewed the effects of plasma lipids and statins on cognitive function.</p><p><b>Data Sources:</b>We searched the PubMed database for research articles published through November 2017 with key words including "plasma lipids," "hyperlipidemia," "hypercholesterolemia," "statins," and "cognition function."</p><p><b>Study Selection:</b>Articles were retrieved and reviewed to analyze the effects of plasma lipids and statins on cognitive function and the mechanisms underlying these effects.</p><p><b>Results:</b>Many studies have examined the relationship between plasma lipids and cognitive function, but no definitive conclusions can be drawn. The mechanisms involved may include blood-brain barrier injury, the influence on small blood vessels in the brain, the influence on amyloid deposition, and a neuroprotective effect. To date, most studies of statins and cognition have been observational, with few randomized controlled trials. Therefore, firm conclusions regarding whether mid- or long-term statin use affects cognition function and dementia remain elusive. However, increasing concern exists that statins may be a causative factor for cognitive problems. These adverse effects appear to be rare and likely represent a yet-to-be-defined vulnerability in susceptible individuals.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b>The association between plasma lipids and cognition, the mechanism of the influence of plasma lipids on cognitive function, and the association between statins and cognitive function are complex issues and currently not fully understood. Future research aimed at identifying the mechanisms that underlie the effects of plasma lipids and statins on cognition will not only provide important insight into the causes and interdependencies of cognitive impairment and dementia, but also inspire novel strategies for treating and preventing these cognitive disorders.</p>

Effects of excessive dietary methionine on oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in chronic ethanol-treated rats

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high dietary methionine (Met) consumption on plasma and hepatic oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in chronic ethanol fed rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed control or ethanol-containing liquid diets supplemented without (E group) or with DL-Met at 0.6% (EM1 group) or 0.8% (EM2 group) for five weeks. Plasma aminothiols, lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. Hepatic folate, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured. RESULTS: DL-Met supplementation was found to increase plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and MDA compared to rats fed ethanol alone and decrease plasma ALT. However, DL-Met supplementation did not significantly change plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione. In addition, DL-Met supplementation increased hepatic levels of folate, SAM, SAH, and SAM:SAH ratio. Our data showed that DL-Met supplementation can increase plasma oxidative stress and atherogenic effects by elevating plasma Hcy, TG, and TC in ethanol-fed rats. CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate that Met supplementation increases plasma oxidative stress and atherogenic effects by inducing dyslipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in ethanol-fed rats.

Effects of excessive dietary methionine on oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in chronic ethanol-treated rats

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high dietary methionine (Met) consumption on plasma and hepatic oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in chronic ethanol fed rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed control or ethanol-containing liquid diets supplemented without (E group) or with DL-Met at 0.6% (EM1 group) or 0.8% (EM2 group) for five weeks. Plasma aminothiols, lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. Hepatic folate, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured. RESULTS: DL-Met supplementation was found to increase plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and MDA compared to rats fed ethanol alone and decrease plasma ALT. However, DL-Met supplementation did not significantly change plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione. In addition, DL-Met supplementation increased hepatic levels of folate, SAM, SAH, and SAM:SAH ratio. Our data showed that DL-Met supplementation can increase plasma oxidative stress and atherogenic effects by elevating plasma Hcy, TG, and TC in ethanol-fed rats. CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate that Met supplementation increases plasma oxidative stress and atherogenic effects by inducing dyslipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in ethanol-fed rats.

The Role of Plasma Lipid Levels as Markers of Recovery of Liver Function after Hepatectomy.

Aims: Currently there is not a single conventional marker to reliably assess liver function recovery after hepatectomy. Our aim was to investigate the potential role of circulating lipid levels as markers of liver function recovery. The study was conducted in the experimental laboratory of the Aretaieion Hospital. Methodology: 48 male Wistar rats (240-350g) were assigned in 2 groups; the sham operated group (A=21) and the 70% hepatectomy group (B=27). There were 3 subgroups according to the day the animals were killed (1st, 3rd and 7th postoperative day [PO]). We measured the levels of AST, ALT, albumin, total protein, triglycerides, HDL and cholesterol in plasma and correlated them with the steps of liver regeneration Results: Significant differences between the groups were observed in the levels of HDL (P=0.001) and cholesterol (P=0.001) on the 1st PO day, and in triglycerides (P=0.045) on the 7th PO day. Conclusion: Cholesterol, and in a lesser degree HDL levels seem to reflect well liver function recovery after hepatectomy. In this experiment they were more sensitive than albumin in assessing the deterioration of liver function as well as the subsequent recovery during regeneration hence they may represent a more accurate marker of liver function. Rise in plasma triglyceride levels reflect the completion of the regenerative process.

Ausencia de asociación entre la variante S447X del gen de la lipoproteína lipasa y lípidos plasmáticos: Estudio preliminar / Lack of association between the S447X variant of the lipoprotein lipase gene and plasma lipids: A preliminary study

El aumento en los valores de los lípidos sanguíneos, constituye un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular. La lipoproteína lipasa (LPL) juega un papel importante en el metabolismo lipoproteico. Factores metabólicos y genéticos pueden influir en la función de la LPL. La variante S447X de la LPL se ha asociado con cambios en el perfil lipídico en diferentes poblaciones. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la variante S447X del gen de la LPL y lípidos plasmáticos de individuos del Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se estudiaron 75 individuos entre 20 y 60 años, 34 hombres y 41 mujeres. A cada individuo se le realizó una historia clínica con antecedentes familiares, características antropométricas, estado nutricional y pruebas bioquímicas. Para el estudio molecular, se extrajo el ADN genómico, se utilizó la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) seguida de digestión enzimática para polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción utilizando la enzima Hinf I. Los individuos estudiados presentaron niveles normales de glicemia, triglicéridos, colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baja densidad (C-LDL) y niveles ligeramente disminuidos de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (C-HDL). La distribución genotípica dela variante S447X del gen LPL fue 90,6% para el genotipo homocigoto 447SS y 9,4% para el genotipo heterocigoto 447SX; no se identificó el genotipo 447XX. La población se ajustó al equilibrio genético de Hardy Weinberg. No se encontró relación entre el polimorfismo S447X del gen LPL y los valores lipídicos plasmáticos.

The increase in lipid plasma values is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays an important role in the lipoprotein metabolism and metabolic and genetic factors may influence its levels and functions. The S447X variant of the lipoprotein lipase gene is associated with changes in plasma lipids in different populations. The objective of this research was to analyze the S447X variant of the LPL gene and its relation with plasma lipids of individuals in Zulia state, Venezuela. With this purpose, we studied 75 individuals (34 men and 41 women) between 20 and 60 years of age. Each subject had a medical history which included family history, anthropometric characteristics, nutritional status evaluation and biochemical tests. Genomic DNA was extracted for the molecular study and the polymerase chain reaction was used, followed by enzyme digestion, for restriction fragments length polymorphisms using the Hinf I enzyme. The individuals studied had normal levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins (LDL-C) and slightly decreased levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL-C). The genotypic distribution of the LPL gene S447X variant in the studied population was 90.6% for the homozygous genotype SS447 and 9.4% for the heterozygote SX447. The genotype 447XX was not identified. The population was found in Hardy Weinberg genetic equilibrium. No association between the S447X polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase gene and plasma lipids was observed.

Effects of Korean red ginseng supplementation on muscle glucose uptake in high-fat fed rats / 中国天然药物

It has been recognized that ginseng has anti-diabetic effects in skeletal muscle, but the mechanism has not been intensively investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) supplementation on muscle glucose uptake in high-fat fed rats. Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CON, n = 8) and a Korean red ginseng group (KRG, n = 8). The KRG group ingested RG extract (1 g·kg(-1), 6 days/week) mixed in water for two weeks. After the two-week treatment, plasma lipid profiles, and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. The triglyceride (TG) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) contents were measured in the skeletal muscle and liver. The rate of glucose transport was determined under a submaximal insulin concentration during muscle incubation. Plasma FFA concentrations were significantly decreased in KRG (P < 0.05). Liver and muscle triglyceride concentrations were also decreased in the KRG treatment group (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group. In addition, resting plasma insulin and glucose levels were significantly lower after Korean red ginseng treatment (P < 0.05). However, muscle glucose uptake was not affected by Korean red ginseng treatment, as evidenced by the rate of glucose transport in the epitorchealis muscle under submaximal insulin concentrations. These results suggest that while KRG supplementation could improve whole body insulin resistance and plasma lipid profiles, it is unlikely to have an effect on the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle, which is the major tissue responsible for plasma glucose handling.

Plasma lipid pattern and red cell membrane structure in β-thalassemia patients in Jakarta.

Background: Over the last 10 years, we have investigated thalassemia patients in Jakarta to obtain a comprehensive picture of iron overload, oxidative stress, and cell damage. Methods: In blood samples from 15 transfusion-dependent patients (group T), 5 non-transfused patients (group N) and 10 controls (group C), plasma lipids and lipoproteins, lipid-soluble vitamin E, malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol status were measured. Isolated eryhtrocyte membranes were investigated with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using doxyl-stearic acid and maleimido-proxyl spin lables. Data were analyzed statistically with ANOVA. Results: Plasma triglycerides were higher and cholesterol levels were lower in thalassemic patients compared to controls. Vitamin E, group C: 21.8 vs T: 6.2 μmol/L) and reactive thiols (C: 144 vs. T: 61 μmol/L) were considerably lower in transfused patients, who exert clear signs of oxidative stress (MDA, C: 1.96 vs T: 9.2 μmol/L) and of tissue cell damage, i.e., high transaminases plasma levels. Non-transfused thalassemia patients have slight signs of oxidative stress, but no signifi cant indication of cell damage. Erythrocyte membrane parameters from EPR spectroscopy differ considerably between all groups. In transfusion-dependent patients the structure of the erythrocyte membrane and the gradients of polarity and fl uidity are destroyed in lipid domains; binding capacity of protein thiols in the membrane is lower and immobilized. Conclusion: In tranfusion-dependent thalassemic patients, plasma lipid pattern and oxidative stress are associated with structural damage of isolated erythrocyte membranes as measured by EPR spectroscopy with lipid and proteinthiol spin labels.

Relationship between serum adiponectin level and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the changes of serum adiponectin level in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),and to study the correlation between the serum level of adiponectin and NAFLD. Methods: A total of 110 patients with NAFLD who were hospitalized from Feb. 2006 to Mar. 2008 were included in this study. The patients were divided into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) group (n=52,group 1) and simple fatty liver group (n=58,group 2). Fifty-four healthy volunteers were taken as normal control (group 3). The height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured in all groups. The fasting blood samples were obtained to examine serum adiponectin, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. Stepwise regression method was used to analyze relationship between the serum level of adiponectin and NAFLD. Results: The serum adiponectin and HDL-C levels in group 1 and group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 3 (P<0.01); the levels of TC,TG,and LDL-C were significantly higher than those of group 3 (P < 0.01). The serum adiponectin in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P<0.05). Lower serum adiponectin and HDL-C levels (P<0.05) and higher AST level (P<0.01) were found in group 2 than those in simple fatty liver patients. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients,serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with the levels of TC, TG (r = - 0.436, P < 0.05; r = - 0.567, P < 0.01, respectively) and positively correlated with the level of HDL-C (r=0.524,P<0.01). Conclusion: The serum adiponectin level is correlated with the severity of NAFLD patients, and examination of serum adiponectin may be helpful in understanding the status of NAFLD patients.

Association between chronic generalized periodontitis and hyperlipidemia – a case control study.

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Periodontal disease is caused by predominantly anaerobic gram negative bacteria. Microbial substances initiate and perpetuate the inflammation resulting in the production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and hyperactivity of white blood cells and of blood platelets, thus promoting the development of hyperlipidemia. Objective: To evaluate the plasma lipids (Total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoproteins and Triglycerides) as well as Fasting blood glucose levels in non diabetic, non-obese periodontal disease patients and controls. Materials and methods: 18 subjects with chronic periodontal disease (aged 38 to 50 years) were matched for age, sex and BMI (Body Mass Index) with 18 healthy subjects. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose levels were measured using routine enzymatic biochemical methods. Results: Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides was significantly higher in chronic periodontitis patients by 12 %( p<0.02), 14 %( p<0.03) and 22 %( p<0.03) respectively as compared to controls. Fasting blood glucose levels was higher by 7% (p<0.04) in chronic periodontitis patients than controls. Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia and prediabetic state may be associated with chronic periodontitis.

Association of serum phosphohpid fatty acids with blood lipid profiles in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The association of the serum phospholipid fatty acid components with lipid profiles in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated.Saturated fatty acid in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased(48.79±1.55 vs 42.58±1.96,P<0.01),whereas monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were decreased(10.72±1.53 vs 12.09±1.32,33.41±2. 16 vs 35.79±2.41.6.08±1.66 vs 9.54±1.54,all P<O.01).

Relationship of plasma acylation stimulating protein with blood lipid profile in women with pulycystic ovary syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To study the relationship of plasma aeylation stimulating protein (ASP) with complement C3, C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood lipid levels in women with polyeystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Thirty-four patients with PCOS were divided into two groups: obese PCOS group [body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m2] and non-obese PCOS group (BMI<25 kg/m2). 41 age-matched non-PCOS women were also divided into two groups: simply obese group (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and non-obese control group (BMI <25kg/m2). Plasma ASP in the 4 groups was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Complement C3 and CRP were determined by immunoturbidimetrie assay. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA)concentration was determined by colorimetric enzymatic assay, plasma triglycerides (TG) by GPO-PAP method and total cholesterol (TC) by COD-PAP method. Results The plasma ASP were significantly increased in the obese PCOS group, the non-obese PCOS group and the obese group as compared with the control group [(36.4±10.9,34.8±9.9, 35.1±14.0, 24.8±7.8) nmol/L, respectively, all P<0.05]. The concentrations of complement C3 were significantly higher in the obese PCOS group and the obese group than that in the control group [(2.2±1.2,2.5±1.5, 1.1±0.7) g/L, respectively, bothP <0.05]. The concentrations of CRP were significantly increased in the obese PCOS group, non-obese PCOS group and obese group as compared with the control group [(32.1±29.2, 30.0±24.8, 23.8±5.5, 7.5±4.8)mg/L, respectively, all P<0.05]. Univariate analysis showed that both plasma ASP and C3 were positively correlated with BMI, CRP, FFA and TG. CRP was positively correlated with BMI, FFA, TG and TC. Conclusion Plasma ASP, C3 and CRP levels in women with PCOS axe increased. They are strongly associated with disturbed lipid metabolism. The lack of association between ASP and complement C3 suggests that the conversion of C3 to ASP may be affected by other factors.

Cohort study for the prevalence of the hyperlipidemia and the plasma lipids level in group of staff and workers in China Ocean Petroleum / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To study dynamic change for the prevalence of the hyperlipidemia and the plasma lipids level of staff and workers in group in China Ocean Petroleum so as to provide the evidence for the prevention of the patients suffered from hyperlipidemia. Method Four thousand eight hundred and nin-ty-nine workers fmished blood fat test and blood fat data separately for two times in 1998 and 2004. Results The TC average value of males rose to (5.68 ± 0.99) mmol/L from (5.46 ± 1.08) mmol/L and the TC av-erage value of females rose to (5.79 ± 0.99) mmol/L from (5.42 ± 1.04) mmol/L,both were statistical sig-nificant difference(P < 0.01 ).The TG average value of males rose to ( 1.65 ± 1.31 ) mmol/L from ( 1.48 ± 1.29) mmol/L and the TG average value of females rose to (1.46 ± 1.09) mmol/L from (1.28 ± 1.17) mmol/L,both were statistical significant difference (P < 0.01 ). The gross hyperlipidemia,HTC,HTG rate rose to 58.9%,45.1%,32.4% from 46.2%,32.1%,25.7% for the males and those rose to 58.0%,49.6%,26.2% from 42.0%,31.2%,19.3% for the females ,all were statistical significant difference (P < 0.01 ).After 6 years,the males control rate of the HTC and HTG were 27.5% and 29.9%,the females control rate of the HTC and HTG were 25.1% and 34.0%. Conclusions The staff and workers suffered from high hyperlipidemia and lipid level is higher in man group in China Ocean Petroleum and also faster. Treatment control rate of hyperlipidemia was very lower .Therefore,the prevention measure must be taken as fast as possible to reduce lipid level and hyperlipidemia patient's rate actively and improve control rate.

The relationship between genetic factors and plasma lipids in Vietnamese living in rural areas

Background: Plasma lipids are affected not only by dietary intake and life style but also by genetic factor. Objective: To discover the relationship between plasma lipids and the presence of LPL S447X and PAF-AH V279F in the bodies of rural Vietnamese population. Subject and Method: One hundred and ninety three subjects were randomly selected from rural areas in Ho Chi Minh city. The presence of LPL S447X and PAF-AHV279F polymorphism was determined using an Invader assay, and the plasma lipid levels were measured by an enzymatic method. A profile regarding the dietary intake was also made for each subject. Result and Conclusion: The frequency of LPL 447SX/XX (12.2%) polymorphism, PAF-AH Val279Phe mutation allele frequency (5.4%) in the Vietnamese was closely similar to that of other Asian populations. LPL447X polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with a higher HDL-C level in comparison to LPL 447S. LPL S447X affects plasma HDL-C and TG concentration in Vietnamese rural population.

White Blood Cell Count,Fasting Plasma Glucose,Plasma Lipids and Other Laboratory Tests During the Course of Acute Myocardial Infarction:an association with infarct size / 医学研究杂志

Objective To compare laboratory tests and in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)with different infarction size and to seek factors correlate with infarction size.Methods Totally 201 AMI patients were enrolled,87 patients had large size infarction,114 patients had small size infarction.Basic characteristics,the number of ST-segment elevation leads,in-hospital mortality,white blood cell(WBC)count,fasting plasma glucose(FBG),plasma lipids and other laboratory tests in the two groups were compared.All variables were compared their correlations.Results There were statistical differences between the two groups at number of ST-segment elevation leads、 in-hospital mortality、WBC count、FBG、total cholesterol(Tch)and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL),P

Quality Control of Plasma Lipids Measurement in CNHS 2002 / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To describe the work of quality control for lipids measurement in CNHS 2002.Methods The quality control was applied over the whole project including staff training,making standard operating procedure(blood collection,separation,temporary storage,transportation,final storage),lab materials assignment,internal quality control in central lab and participating US Disease Control Center's Lipids Standard Program(LSP)as external quality control.Results Seven times of national training programs were held and 326 technicians from CDCs in 31 provinces,autonomous regions, municiplalities and 132 surveyed counties received related trainings.During the program,321 persons passed examination (98.5%)and among them 205 got the A score(62.9%);The field work was implemented strictly according to the procedure. Three automatic biochemical instruments were used in the measurement and there is no significant difference between means of serum TC,TG and HDL-C from several batches of quality control serum.Parallel measurements were conducted in five percent randomly selected samples,the ratio of bias less than 3% was 99.05%,96.40% and 98.30% for TC,TG and HLD-C, respectively.Compared with means of LSP control sera,the results showed that all bias was less than 5% except one bias of TG result(7.02%)in one batch of LSP controls.Conclusion The work of quality control in this survey guaranteed the accuracy of plasma lipids measurement,and provided the basic data for the epidemiological description of dyslipidemia status among Chinese and the further analysis.

Study of Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Fatty Liver in Railway Employees / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To investigate the prevalence and the associated risk factors of fatty liver disease in railway employees.Methods 3 520 railway employees aged 21～60 were observed,1 299 cases of fatty liver who were diagnosed by uhrasonography and 2 221 normal controls.Plasma triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and fasting blood glucose(FBG) were determined.Results The prevalence rate of fatty liver was 36.9%(1 299/3 520).It increased with age.The prevalence rate of fatty liver in the groups with different age was significantly different(x~2=14.82,P

Comparison of Plasma Lipid Profiles among the Middle-aged Guangzhou Residents with Different Dietary Patterns / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To identify and characterize dietary patterns in a middle-aged Guangzhou population and study associations between these patterns and plasma lipids.Method 555 subjects(98 men and 367 women) were recruited in Guangzhou.Subjects completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample for plasma lipids test.Dietary intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire.Dietary patterns were assessed by K-means cluster Analysis.Results Three dietary patterns were identified.In Cluster 1,the subjects took higher intakes of cereals(301.9?97.2) g/d,and the lower intakes of leafy vegetables(275.9?92.7)g/d,non-leafy vegetables(139.4?84.7) g/d,fruits(122.1?73.3) g/d,eggs(18.3?17.3) g/d and milk(50.0?93.2) ml/d.In Cluster 2,they was characterized by significantly higher intakes of dried legumes and legume products(28.5?31.1) g/d,eggs(30.2?18.3) g/d,milk(217.1?152.0) ml/d,nuts(7.0?13.9) g/d,fruits(345.0?151.8) g/d and non-leafy vegetables(280.3?153)g/d,and lower intakes of cereals(269.1?98.0) g/d.In Cluster 3,the people took higher intakes of leafy vegetables(540.6?158.3) g/d and fish(42.9?42.2) g/d,and the lower intakes of dried legumes and legume products(12.7?20.9) g/d,nuts(4.9?14.7) g/d.There were significant differences in LDL between clusters.Conclusion Dietary pattern of Cluster 2 could help to maintain plasma lipids in normal range.

The Effect of Isoflavone Supplement on Plasma Lipids & Antioxidant Status in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women

Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. This is due to primarily dyslipidemia accompanying the loss of estrogen secretion. Soy isoflavones are known to have weak estrogenic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether isoflavone supplement improves the risk of cardiovascular disease in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Subjects consisted of 39 Korean postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dl or LDL cholesterol > or = 130 mg/dl). Subjects were divided into 2 groups; placebo group (PG), isoflavone supplement group (IG). During 12 weeks, subjects were given placebo and 80mg isoflavone daily. Anthropometric measurement, blood sample analysis and dietary intake measurement were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (p<0.01) and plasma HDL cholesterol level was increased significantly (p<0.05) in IG. But there were no significant changes in plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels after isoflavone supplementation. There was a negative correlation between initial plasma HDL cholesterol level and the extent of plasma HDL cholesterol reduction in IG (r=-0.572, p=0.012). Atherogenic index (AI), total-/LDL- cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were improved significantly after isoflavone supplementation. In subjects whose initial plasma LDL cholesterol level were above 160 mg/dl, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level were decreased and total antioxidant status (TAS) were increased significantly after isoflavone supplement (p<0.05). However there were no significant changes in flow-mediated dilator (FMD), the marker of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitroglycerine-mediated dilator (NMD), the marker of endothelium-independent vasodilation and the extent of DNA damage after isoflavone supplement. In conclusion, these results indicate that isoflavone supplement may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease via improving blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level and AI in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Futhermore, in case of subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol level, isoflavone supplementation may have more antiatherogenic effects via improving antioxidant status.

Body Composition, Food Intake and Clinical Blood Indices of Female College Students / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was done to evaluate the health and nutritional status of female college students in Seoul. The subjects were 63 healthy college students aged 20 to 29 years. Their body composition, dietary intakes, clinical blood indices were investigated. Their body composition was determined by means of a multifreqency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Their dietary intake was determined using 3-day record method and their nutrient intake was analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professional (CAN-pro). Their hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were determined by semi-automated microcell counter (F-520). Their plasma total cholesterol, TG, and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured using test kits. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. Their average consumption of calcium, iron vitamin A, vitamin B2 and niacin were 63.3%, 65.0%, 85.2%, 89.2% and 95.2% of RDA, respectively. The overall mean values of the hematological indices in the female college students were within the normal range. However anemic subjects with hemoglobin ( 200 mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol (> 130 mg/dl) were about 41% and 30.4%, respectively. The data showed a significantly positive correlation between either body fat (%) or BMI and TG. However, there was a significantly negative correlation between either body fat (%) or BMI and HDL-cholesterol. These overall results suggest that it is necessary for college women to be educated regarding consuming more iron and vitamin C and less fat, in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia and/or cardiovascular diseases in later life.