Corneal thickness and morphology after orthokeratology of six-month lens wear among young Malay adults

@#Background: Menicon Z night orthokeratology (OK) lenses was introduced in Malaysia in 2015 and to date there is no report on its effects on the cornea. The objective of this study was to examine short term changes in corneal thickness and morphology of endothelial cells in young Malay adults after wearing Menicon Z night OK lenses. Methods: Corneal thickness was measured at the central and mid-peripheral locations of 20 participants aged 22.45±1.19 years using Tomey SP-3000 A-scan ultrasonography. Endothelial images of the central and peripheral locations captured using Tomey EM-3000 specular microscope were noted. Corneal thickness, endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), and hexagonality (HEX) at baseline, 24 hours, three months and six months after treatment were noted and analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: Central corneal thickness decreased significantly over a three-month period (p=0.001) and stabilised thereafter. There were no significant changes in thickness in all peripheral areas measured (p>0.05), and in ECD, CV and HEX after the six-month period (p>0.05). Conclusions: The current study showed that significant thinning of central cornea and none at the mid-periphery. OK lens wear with Menicon Z night lenses had no effects on corneal morphology over the six month period.

Morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the cornea of dogs / Morfologia das células endoteliais de diferentes regiões da córnea de cães

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of endothelial cells from different areas of the cornea of dogs. Twenty healthy eyes from 10 dogs, females or males, of different ages were studied. Corneal endothelium morphology of superior, inferior, central, nasal and temporal areas was assessed by 0.2% alizarin red staining using an optic microscope. One hundred endothelial cells from each corneal area were analyzed. In all areas of the cornea studied were found endothelial cells with four sides, five sides, six sides and seven sides. There was no significant difference regarding endothelial cell morphology in all corneal regions evaluated. Thus, the morphology of the central cornea area represents the entire endothelial mosaic and may be applied to peripheral areas. Therefore, analysis of the central area is sufficient to estimate the shape of endothelial cells of peripheral areas of healthy dog corneas.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a morfologia das células endoteliais de diferentes regiões da córnea de cães. Vinte olhos saudáveis de 10 cães, fêmeas ou machos, de diferentes idades foram estudados. A morfologia do endotélio corneano das regiões superior, inferior, central, nasal e temporal foi avaliada pela coloração vermelho de alizarina 0,2% com microscópio óptico. Foram analisadas 100 células endoteliais de cada região da córnea. Em todas as regiões da córnea estudadas foram encontradas células endoteliais com quatro lados, cinco lados, seis lados e sete lados. Não houve diferença significativa em relação à morfologia de células endoteliais da córnea em todos as regiões estudadas. Assim, a morfologia da região central da córnea representa todo o mosaico endotelial e pode ser aplicada em áreas periféricas. Portanto, a análise da área central é suficiente para estimar a forma das células endoteliais das áreas periféricas de córneas de cães saudáveis.

Glioblastoma multiforme in 56 years old patient – A case report

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system most frequently located in the supratentorial site and carries a grim prognosis. Case report: A 52 years old male patient presented with headache and vomiting since 3 months. In MRI T2W images showed peripheral hypointense rim with central heterogeneously hyper intense signals suggestive of high grade glioma. Patient was underwent neurosurgery and resected tumor was sent to histopathology department. Discussion: Grossly glioblastomas are relatively circumscribed and often appear to be more clearly demarcated from neighboring tissues. In our case microscopic examination showed presence of dense cellularity, striking pleomorphism, and zones of coagulative necrosis lined by ‘palisading’ tumor cells characterize the prototypical glioblastoma. Conclusion: As GBM carries poor prognosis and the treatment of malignant gliomas is still a challenge for us, further research on this disease is needed so that better treatments may be developed to improve the quality of life and prognosis of these patients.

Morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the equine cornea / Morfologia das células do endotélio de diferentes regiões da córnea de equinos

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology of different regions of the equine cornea using optical microscopy. Both healthy eyes of eight horses, male or female, of different ages were evaluated. Corneas were stained with alizarin red vital dye and subsequently examined and photographed using optical microscopy. Corneal endothelial morphology of central, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal areas was assessed. One hundred endothelial cells from each corneal area were analyzed. The shape of the corneal endothelial cells of each corneal region was analyzed. Statistical data analysis was conducted using the Student's t test. Values of P<0.01 were considered significant. Regarding morphological analysis, no statistically significant differences were reported between the equine corneal regions analyzed. The present research suggested that there are no morphological differences between regions of the equine cornea. The values obtained in any region of the equine cornea can be extrapolated to other regions of the cornea and are representative of the cell morphology present in all regions of the cornea.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a morfologia das diferentes regiões da córnea equina usando microscopia óptica. Foram avaliados ambos os olhos saudáveis ​​de oito equinos, machos ou fêmeas, de diferentes idades. As córneas foram coradas com corante vital vermelho de alizarina, examinadas com microscópio óptico e fotografadas. A morfologia endotélio corneano de áreas centrais, superior, inferior, temporal e nasal foi avaliada. Foram analisadas ​​células endoteliais da córnea de cada área. A forma das células endoteliais da córnea de cada região da córnea foi analisada. Análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste t. Valores de P<0.01 foram considerados significativos. Em relação à análise morfológica estatisticamente significativa, não foram encontradas diferenças entre as regiões da córnea equina analisadas. O presente trabalho sugere que não houve diferença entre a morfologia das regiões da córnea de equino. Os valores obtidos em qualquer região da córnea equina podem ser extrapolados para outras regiões da córnea e são representativos da morfologia celular em todas as regiões da córnea.

Quantitative & qualitative analysis of endothelial cells of donor cornea before & after penetrating keratoplasty in different pathological conditions.

Background & objectives: Endothelial cells of the donor cornea are known to be affected quantitatively and qualitatively in different pathological conditions after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and this has direct effect on the clarity of vision obtained after PK. This study was undertaken to analyze the qualitative and quantitative changes in donor endothelial cells before and after PK in different pathological conditions. Methods: A prospective investigational analysis of 100 consecutive donor corneas used for penetrating keratoplasty between June 2006 and June 2008, was conducted. The patients were evaluated on the first day, at the end of first week, first month, third and six months and one year. Results: A decrease was observed in endothelial cell count in all pathological conditions. After one year of follow up the loss was 33.1 per cent in corneal opacity, 45.9 per cent in acute infective keratitis (AIK), 58.5 per cent in regrafts, 28.5 per cent in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), 37 per cent in descemetocele, 27 per cent in keratoconus and 35.5 per cent in aphakic bullous keratopathy (ABK) cases. Interpretation & conclusions: The endothelial cell loss was highest in regraft cases which was significant (P<0.05), while the least endothelial cell loss was seen in keratoconus cases. The cell loss was associated with increase in coefficient of variation (CV), i.e. polymegathism and pleomorphism. Inspite of this polymegathism and pleomorphism, the clarity of the graft was maintained.

Diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico del carcinoma in situ en la mucosa bucal / Clinical, histological and pathological diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the oral mucous

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 25 pacientes, adictos al tabaco, con carcinoma in situ en la mucosa bucal, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades perteneciente al Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde abril del 2008 hasta igual periodo del 2013, a fin de evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de esta neoplasia. Mediante la técnica clásica de inclusión en parafina se confirmó la existencia de cambios celulares. En la casuística prevalecieron el sexo masculino y la ausencia de síntomas subjetivos en la forma leucoplásica. El sitio anatómico más susceptible correspondió al borde lateral de la lengua. Entre las alteraciones hísticas más comunes figuraron: hipercromatismo nuclear, membrana basal intacta, pérdida de la polaridad, así como pleomorfismo nuclear y celular...

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 25 patients, with tobacco addition and carcinoma in situ of the oral mucous, assisted in the stomatological department of the Specialties Polyclinic belonging to "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Provincial Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from April, 2008 to same period of the 2013, in order to evaluate the results of the clinical, histological and pathological diagnosis of this neoplasia. By means of the classic technique of inclusion in paraffin the existence of cellular changes was confirmed. The male sex and the absence of subjective symptoms prevailed in the leucoplasic form in the case material. The most susceptible anatomical site corresponded to the lateral border of the tongue. Among the most common tissue alterations there were: nuclear hyperchromatism, intact basal membrane, loss of the polarity, as well as nuclear and cellular pleomorphism...

Candida albicans morphologies revealed by scanning electron microscopy analysis

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations were used to analyze particular morphologies of Candida albicans clinical isolate (strain 82) and mutants defective in hyphae-promoting genes EFG1 (strain HLC52) and/ or CPH1 (strains HLC54 and Can16). Transcription factors Efg1 and Cph1 play role in regulating filamentation and adhesion of C. albicans' morphologies. Comparative analysis of such mutants and clinical isolate showed that Efg1 is required for human serum-induced cell growth and morphological switching. In the study, distinct differences between ultrastructural patterns of clinical strain's and null mutants' morphologies were observed (spherical vs tube-like blastoconidia, or solid and fragile constricted septa vs only the latter observed in strains with EFG1 deleted). In addition, wild type strain displayed smooth colonies of cells in comparison to mutants which exhibited wrinkled phenotype. It was observed that blastoconidia of clinical strain exhibited either polarly or randomly located budding. Contrariwise, morphotypes of mutants showed either multiple polar budding or a centrally located single bud scar (mother-daughter cell junction) distinguishing tube-like yeast/ pseudohyphal growth (the length-to-width ratios larger than 1.5). In their planktonic form of growth, blastoconidia of clinical bloodstream isolate formed constitutively true hyphae under undiluted human serum inducing conditions. It was found that true hyphae are essential elements for developing structural integrity of conglomerate, as mutants displaying defects in their flocculation and conglomerate-forming abilities in serum. While filamentation is an important virulence trait in C. albicans the true hyphae are the morphologies which may be expected to play a role in bloodstream infections.

Endotelio corneal de riesgo en pacientes con indicación de cirugía de catarata / Risky corneal endothelium in patients with indication of cataract surgery

Objetivo: identificar el riesgo de edema relacionado con los parámetros morfofuncionales del endotelio corneal en pacientes con indicación de cirugía de catarata. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en 200 ojos de pacientes en la consulta preoperatoria de cirugía de catarata. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, riesgo de edema, pleomorfismo y polimegatismo para lo cual se examinó a cada uno de ellos con microscopia especular. Además se examinaron en lámpara de hendidura en busca de la presencia de guttas corneales. Resultados: se obtuvo una edad media de 70,7 años y existió un predominio de las mujeres (67,7 por ciento) frente a los hombres (32,3 por ciento). No hubo riesgo de edema en un 80,5 por ciento y sí lo hubo en 39 ojos para un 19,5 por ciento. Se relacionó el polimegatismo y la edad estando presente en 176 ojos para un 88,0 por ciento y con un predominio del estadio leve en todos los grupos de edades con un 80,5 por ciento. El pleomorfismo estuvo presente en 186 ojos (93 por ciento) y de ellos 103 (51,5 por ciento) se encontraron en el estadio leve y 78 (39,0 por ciento) en el moderado. Conclusiones: la disminución de la densidad celular no es el único parámetro que indica que un endotelio es de riesgo para una cirugía de catarata, otros como el polimegatismo, el pleomorfismo, así como la presencia de guttas; también son de importancia

Objective: to identify the risk of edema associated with the morphological and functional parameters of the corneal endothelium in those patients with indication of cataract surgery. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed in 200 eyes from the patients attending the preoperative cataract surgery service. The studied variables were age, sex, risk of edema, pleomorphism and polymegatism. Each patient was examined with the specular microscopy and also a slit-lamp examination was made to look for cornea guttata. Results: the average age of the group was 70.7 years, with females predominating (67.7 percent) over males (32.3 percent). There was no risk of edema in 80.5 percent of cases whereas the risk was present in 19.5 percent (39 eyes). Polymegatism and age were associated, being this problem present in 176 eyes for 88 percent of the total number and predominant in its mild staging in all the age groups for 80.5 percent. Pleomorphism affected 186 eyes (93 percent) and 103 of them (51.5 percent) was at the mild staging and 78 (39 percent) at the moderate staging. Conclusions: reduction in the cell density is not the only parameter indicative of a risky endothelium for a cataract surgery, since others such as polymegatism, pleomorphism and presence of cornea guttata are also important

Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor expression and malignancy grading in biopsy specimens of tongue cancers

A Case of Atypical Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma / 대한피부과학회지

Benign fibrous histiocytomas are relatively common nodules that are histologically characterized by a proliferation of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells in the dermis. Rarely, some show such cellular atypia that there are some difficulties in differentiating the lesion from sarcoma. Herein we report a 42-year-old man with asymptomatic, solitary, 11 cm sized, red-to-brown colored, broad-based, and firm nodule on the right forearm for about 2 years. Histologically, the lesion was composed of histiocytes, fibroblasts and pleomorphic, bizarre multinucleated giant cells. Despite the cellular atypia, mitotic figures were not found.

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A case report

The Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma(PXA) is considered as a special subgroup of gliomas because of its distinctive characteristics: onset in young subject; predilection for the temopral or parietal lobe and a superficial location; frequent appearance as a yellow encapsulated mass with a grossly visible tumor-associated cyst; marked histological pleomorphism; little or no mitosis and no necrosis; presence of a rich reticulin network; and demonstrable GFAP in many of the fusiform and giant cells; most importantly, the relatively favorable prognosis despite plemorphism and bizzare giant cells in the microscopic picture. The objective of this report is to add one more case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma to the medical literature.

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: Report of Three Cases

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is known as a rare specialized type of cerebral astrocytoma, which occurs mainly in the temporal loe of the brain in young ages in spite of marked pleomorphism with multinucleated giant cells, lipid-laden xantomatous cells, rich reticulin net-works, and the demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein, the prognosis is usually favorable. The authors report three cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma which were presented with headache and review the past literature.

Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary: Report of a Case of Malignant Form with Unusual Pleomorphism

A case of Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor (JGCT) of the ovary with unusual pleomorphic histologic and malignant biologic behaviour is described. The tumor occurred in a 10-year-old girl and was associated with clinical features of isosexual pseudoprecosity and a marked elevation of serum estradiol. The mass manifested initially in the right ovary and subsequently involved the contralateral ovary. A multi-organ metastasis developed during a 6-month-interval despite chemotherapy. She received two operations at 6-month interval, and tissues were obtained from the tumor mass. A marked histologic difference was observed between these two samples. The second biopsy showed profound cellular pleomorphism with numerous multinucleated tumor giant cell formation and hyaline bodies. The differential diagnosis from germ cell tumor and the possible factors for the pleomorphism are discussed.

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is known as a rare specialized type of cerebral astrocytoma. Clinical and pathological characteristics are summarized as follows: 1) Clinically-young patients, presentation with seizure and increased intracranial pressure symptoms, and relatively favorable clinical courses. 2) Pathologically-predilection for temporal and parietal lobes, superficial location involving leptomeninges but not dura mater, circumscribed nature, marked pleomorphism with spindle cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lipid laden xanthomatous cells, few mitoses, no necrosis, rich reticulin networks, and demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic proteins. Its optimal treatment is considered to be a complete surgical excision and the value of radiotherapy is uncertain. Three cases of supratentorial intrinsic brain tumor and a case of spinal cord tumor full filling the above clinical and histological characteristics are presented.

A Case of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

The pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma has been known as a very rare type of glioma, which occurs mainly in the temporal lobe of the brain in young ages. It has distinctive characteristics regarding age, symptoms and signs, gross and microscopic features and relatively favorable prognosis despite of pleomorphism and bizarre giant cells in microscopic picture. The authors report a case of plemorphic xanthoastrocytoma presented with generalized seizure and review the past literatures.

A Case of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

The pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is considered as a special subgroup of gliomas because of its distinctive characteristics regarding age, gross and microscopic features, and perhaps, most importantly, the relatively favorable prognosis despite of pleomorphism and bizarre giant cells in the microscopic picture. Because of rarity of this disease entity, we report a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with a review of literature.

A Case of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

A case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of the temporal lobe in a 27 year-old man who had severe frontal headache and diplopia is presented. Brain computed tomographic scan revealed a relatively wel demarcated, slightly hyperdense mass with cyst surrounding low density in left temporoparietal area. After contrast enhancement, the mass was totally removed. Despite of their highly pleomorphic and bizzarre cytology, which suggests a malignant behavior, these tumors appear to have a relatively favorable prognosis.