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This study aims to investigate the impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1b) on macrophage sortilin-mediated lipid metabolism and aortic atherosclerosis and explore the role of the flavone of Polygonatum odoratum (PAOA-flavone)-promoted small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modification in the atheroprotective efficacy of HNF1b. HNF1b was predicted to be a transcriptional regulator of sortilin expression via bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. HNF1b overexpression decreased sortilin expression and cellular lipid contents in THP-1 macrophages, leading to a depression in atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice. Multiple SUMO1-modified sites were identified on the HNF1b protein and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed its SUMO1 modification. The SUMOylation of HNF1b protein enhanced the HNF1b-inhibited effect on sortilin expression and reduced lipid contents in macrophages. PAOA-flavone treatment promoted SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1) expression and SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein, which prevented sortilin-mediated lipid accumulation in macrophages and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Interference with SAE1 abrogated the improvement in lipid metabolism in macrophage cells and atheroprotective efficacy in vivo upon PAOA-flavone administration. In summary, HNF1b transcriptionally suppressed sortilin expression and macrophage lipid accumulation to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and the development of atherosclerosis. This anti-atherosclerotic effect was enhanced by PAOA-flavone-facilitated, SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein.
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Mice , Animals , Polygonatum/metabolism , Sumoylation , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta/metabolism , Atherosclerosis/metabolism , Flavones , LipidsABSTRACT
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) remote sensing and vegetation index have great potential in the field of Chinese herbal medicine planting. In this study, the visible light image of Polygonatum odoratum planting area in Changyi district of Jilin province were acquired by UAV, and the real-time monitoring of P. odoratum planting area was realized. The green leaf index(GLI) was established, and GLI values of P. odoratum were collected used the spatial sampling points. To compare the GLI values in different periods, it was found that the GLI values of P. odoratum have three stages changing rule of rising-gentle-falling related to the germination, vigorous growth and withered of P. odoratum growth. Meanwhile, the GLI values were compared with four biomass data of P. odoratum, including plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in leaves, and it was found that the GLI value was related to the growth potential of P. odoratum. The GLI value with a rapid increase in rising stage or at a high level in the gentle stage means the P. odoratum was in a better growth potential. GLI value has a same change trend with plant height, and has certain correlation with plant height and leaf area. However, there is no obvious relationship between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in leaves and GLI value. The study clarified the change rule of GLI value of P. odoratum, explained the reason for the change of GLI value, and expanded the application range of GLI. The research shows that UAV and vegetation index can be applied to monitoring the Chinese herbal medicines planting, and provides a new idea for exploring more effective information extraction methods of Chinese herbal medicines.
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Chlorophyll A , Plant Leaves , Polygonatum , Remote Sensing TechnologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP) on hyperthyroidism Yin-deficiency rats based on GC-MS metabolomics and explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into control, model and POP groups. The hyperthyroidism Yin-deficiency rats were treated by intraperitoneal injection of T3 for a week. The content of T3, T4 in serum and cAMP, cGMP in plasma was determined. A GC-MS based metabolic profiling method was employed to analyze the distinctive metabolic patterns of serum in control, model and POP. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied for multivariate analysis to find potential biomarkers of Yin-deficiency by SIMCA-P 12.0 software. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, polygonatum polysaccharide can significantly reduce the content of T3, T4, cAMP, the ratio of cAMP/cGMP and increase the content of cGMP, indicating it has certain Yin-nourishing action. The PCA score plot showed metabolic profiling of control, model and POP had significant differences. Nine potential biomarkers were identified by PLS-DA and variable importance for project values(VIP) based on the metabolomics. CONCLUSION: The endogenous metabolites were changed by POP intervention significantly in Yin-deficiency rats, and the preventive role may be related to the synergism of glucose and lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism with the multi-targets, which provides a basis for further study of the mechanism of POP treatment of Yin-deficiency.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of supernatants of alcohol extracting-water precipitation of Polygonatum odoratum(POS) on hyperthyroidism-yin deficiency rats. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into control, model and POS groups(400 mg·kg-1). The hyperthyroidism-yin deficiency rats were treated by intraperitoneal injection of T3(500 μg·kg-1) for a week. The content of T3, T4 in serum and cAMP, cGMP in plasma was determined. A GC-MS based metabolic profiling method was employed to analyze the distinctive metabolic patterns of serum in control, model and POS. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied for multivariate analysis to find potential biomarkers of hyperthyroidism-yin deficiency by SIMCA-P 12.0 software. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, POS group can significantly reduce the content of T3, T4, cAMP, the ratio of cAMP/cGMP and increase the content of cGMP, indicating it has certain Yin-nourishing action. The PCA and PLS-DA score plots showed metabolic profiling of control, model and POS had significant differences, but which could be regulated nearly to normal state after POS interference. Four potential biomarkers were identified by PLS-DA and variable importance for project values(VIP) based on the metabolomics. They were 3-hydroxybutyric acid, galactose, palmitic acid and cholesterol. CONCLUSION: POS may play a role in treating hyperthyroidism-yin deficiency rats, by adjusting energy metabolism, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. The changes of metabolic pathways revealed by this study may provide some basis for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism Yin-deficiency.
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Objective: To explore the effects of Polygonatum odoratum on body based on metabonomics. Methods: The ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and principle component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the changes of endogenous substances in rats after intragastric administration of Polygonatum odoratum. Results: Significant differences between the control group and administration group were observed in PCA and OPLS-DA model. Five potential biomarkers between control group and administration group were identified. The relative content of Alpha-Tocotrienol, PC(14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)), Stearic acid, Theasapogenol A, Docosahexaenoic acid increased. Conclusion: The biomarkers had many beneficial activities, so the Mongolian medicine Polygonatum odoratum had the function of health care. Key words: Mongolian drug; Polygonatum odoratum; Biomarkers; UPLC-MS
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"Polygonatum odoratum is a rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum on family Liliaceae and to keep to sweet flavour and warm, soft, hard with light quality. In Mongolian medicine, P. odoratum mainly used to improve nutrient in human body, remove renal disease with cold and qi quality, improve absorption of food in stomach. In this research summarized the research of chemical compound and research of pharmacological effect systematically on the basis of research material of P.odoratum. The plant contains abundant such as polysaccharides, homoisoflavanones, steroidal saponin and amino acid. Compounds of P.odoratum have many pharmacology effect such as improve immunology, antioxidant, anti bacteria, anti tumor, anti diabet etc. This research is an important approach to further research of P.odoratum."
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OBJECTIVE: To prepare Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide-iron (III) complex (POPFe) and study its physico-chemical properties. METHODS: POPFe was synthesized by neutralization of FeCl3 carbohydrate solution. Orthogonal design was used to optimize the preparation process. The content of iron (III) in POPFe was determined with o-phenanthroline spectrophotometry and iodometry. The surface structure of POPFe was studied by infrared spectroscopic technique. The deoxidization of POPFe was tested with colorimetric analysis. RESULTS: The optimal preparation conditions were found as follows: the ratio of polysaccharides aqueous solution to sodium citrate solution as 4:1, temperature 70°C and pH 8-9. POPFe showed qualitatively identified reactions of Fe (III). The content of Fe (III) in POPFe was 30.13%. The complex was stable at pH 3-12 without precipitation and dissociation. At 37°C, Fe (III) in the complex was completely reduced to Fe (II) by ascorbic acid in about 5 h. CONCLUSION: POPFe can be developed as a new iron supplementary. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of metallic elements of K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu and Fe in Polygonatum odoratum cultivated in Anhui province.Methods Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was utilized to determine the contents of metallic elements.Results The average contents of K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu and Fe were 12.7047mg/g,1.59083mg/g,0.55495mg/g,0.02034mg/g,0.01839mg/g,0.00664mg/g and 0.11791mg/g,respectively.The data were analyzed by t test.There was no significant difference between groups of each metallic element.Conclusion The contents of metallic elements of K,Ca,Mg,Mn and Fe incultivated Polygonatum odoratum were influenced easily by the culture base.
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This study investigated the in vivo insulin function of Polygonatum odoratum in normal and diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by an i.p. injection of streptozotocin. Normal and diabetic rats were assigned to the diet groups of the control basal diet and Polygonatum odoratum diet. The animals were fed the diet and water ad libitum for 15 days. Initial and final body weights, total food intake and serum glucose and insulin levels were measured. An insulin suppression test was performed to elucidate the insulin function in the peripheral tissues. The results showed that the final serum glucose levels significantly decreased in the diabetic rats on the Polygonatum odoratum diet compared with the diabetic rats on the control diet. The final serum insulin levels were increased in the diabetic rats on the Polygonatum odoratum diet compared with the diabetic rats on the control diet. The in vivo function of the insulin increased in the diabetic rats on the Polygonatum odoratum compared with the diabetic rats on the control diet. These data indicate that Polygonatum odoratum may be beneficial in improving the in vivo insulin function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Blood Glucose , Body Weight , Diabetes Mellitus , Diet , Eating , Insulin , Polygonatum , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Streptozocin , WaterABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the protective effects of the ethanol extract and fractions from Polygonatum odoratum on renal lesion in diabetic rats. Methods An experimental diabetic rat model was successfully induced by one ip injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Diabetic rats were ig administrated the ethanol extract or fractions for 80 d. Serum levels of creatinine (Cr), urea (Ur), glycosylation hemoglobin (GHb), renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and urinary albumin (UAL) excretion rate were determined by biochemical methods. Glomerular volume and renal pathological changes were observed by optic microscope. Results Treatments with the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction decreased the levels of GHb and UAL excretion rate, and inhibited renal AGEs formation and renal pathological changes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion The ethanol extract and chloroform fraction have protective effects on renal lesion in diabetic rats, which might be related to inhibiting AGEs formation.