ABSTRACT
Objective To study the structure of active polysaccharide peptide purified from Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract, and used as a reference substance for the determination of polysaccharide peptide content in G. lucidum products. Methods GL-PPSQ2 was obtained by hot water extraction, separation and purification with membrane ultrafiltration and gel-filtration chromatography. The physicochemical determination and spectral date were used for structural identification. The content of polysaccharide peptide was detected by HPLC with UV detector, water was used as mobile phase and the flow rate was 1 mL/min. Results GL-PPSQ2 was a pure polysaccharide peptide with purity above 97%, molecular weight of 5.0 × 104, polysaccharide content of 87.17%, and yield of 0.49%. The monosaccharides composition analysis showed that GL-PPSQ2 was glucose-based polysaccharide with a small amount of mannose, which contained 16 kinds of amino acids with the total amount of amino acids of 5.04%. Based on the methylation analysis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, the repeating unit of GL-PPSQ2 was composed of →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→backbone, with four repeating units connected a long chain branch at O-6 which was composed of α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)- β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ in sequence. Conclusion The active polysaccharide peptide was isolated and purified by membrane technology and gel chromatography. The method was simple and rapid, which provided a scientific basis for the quality control of polysaccharide peptide in G. lucidum extract and its products.
ABSTRACT
Objectives Antioxidants can reduce oxidative radicals that affect the early phase of atherogenesis, that is endothelial dysfunction. Polysaccharide Peptide (PsP) derived from Ganoderma lucidum has an active substance in the form of β-glucan. Previous studies have proven the PsP of Ganoderma lucidum as an effective antioxidant in atherosclerotic rats and shows no toxicity in animal model. This study aims to prove the effect of PsP as potent antioxidant in high risk and stable angina patients. Method This is a clinical trial conducted to 37 high risk and 34 stable angina patients, which were determined based on ESC Stable CAD Guidelines and Framingham risk score, with pre and post test design without control group. The parameters are superoxide dimustase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, circulating endothelial cell (CEC) and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts. The patients were given PsP 750 mg/day in 3 divided dose for 90 days. Paired t-test was performed for normally distributed data, and Wilcoxon test for not normally distributed data, and significant level of p ≤ 0,05. Results SOD level in high risk patients slightly increased but not statistically significant with p = 0,22. Level of SOD in stable angina group significantly increased with p = 0,001. MDA concentration significantly reduced in high risk and stable angina patients with p = 0.000. CEC significantly reduced both in high risk and stable angina patients, with p = 0.000 in both groups. EPC count significantly reduced in high risk and stable angina with p = 0.000. Conclusion PsP of Ganoderma lucidum is a potent antioxidant against pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in stable angina and high risk patients
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OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) encompasses a series of patho-logic changes ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis,which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocel-lular carcinoma.The purpose of this study was to determine whether Ganoderma lucidum polysaccha-ride peptide (GLPP) has therapeutic effect on NAFLD. METHODS ob/ob mouse model and ApoC3 transgenic mouse model were used for exploring the effect of GLPP on NAFLD. Key metabolic path-ways and enzymes were identified by metabolomics combining with KEGG and PIUmet analyses and key enzymes were detected by Western blotting. Hepatosteatosis models of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were used to further confirm the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD. RESULTS GLPP administrated for a month alleviated hepatosteatosis, dyslipidemia, liver dysfunction and liver insulin resistance. Pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis were involved in the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD. Detection of key enzymes revealed that GLPP reversed low expression of CYP7A1,CYP8B1,FXR,SHP and high expression of FGFR4 in ob/ob mice and ApoC3 mice. Besides, GLPP inhibited fatty acid synthesis by reducing the expression of SREBP1c, FAS and ACC via a FXR-SHP dependent mechanism. Additionally, GLPP reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and the content of TG in HepG2 cells and primary hepato-cytes induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid. CONCLUSION GLPP significantly improves NAFLD via regulating bile acid synthesis dependent on FXR-SHP/FGF pathway, which finally inhibits fatty acid synthesis,indicating that GLPP might be developed as a therapeutic drug for NAFLD.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of new Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide (PSP) in enhancing the action and reducing the toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice bearing S180 sarcoma, analyze the related immunological mechanisms, and compare the effect of PSP2 (new polysaccharide peptide) with that of PSP1 (old polysaccharide peptide). Methods: S180 sarcoma xenografted mice models were established. The model mice were divided randomly into 8 groups, including model control group, CTX group, CTX plus PSP2 (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) groups, CTX plus PSP1 400 mg/kg group, PSP2 400 mg/kg group, PSP1 400 mg/kg group. The normal blood cells and the nucleated marrow cells were counted. The survival time, the inhibitory rate of tumor growth, the index of thymus (thymus gland weight/body weight), spleen index (spleen weight/body weight) were measured. The subtypes of T lymphocytes in spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Results: PSP2 800 mg/kg combined with CTX prolonged the life span of the S180 sarcoma xenografted mice (P < 0.05). PSP2 and PSP1 alone obviously inhibited the growth of sarcoma, respectively (P < 0.05). PSP2 and PSP1 remarkably enhanced the ability of CTX to inhibit the growth of sarcoma as well (P < 0.05 or 0.01). PSP2 and PSP1 attenuated the immunological inhibition and marrow inhibition caused by CTX. PSP2 and PSP1 alone elevated the ratio of CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+ in mice bearing S180 sarcoma. The ratio tended to increase after combined treatment (PSP2 + CTX or PSP1 + CTX). Especially it increased remarkably after PSP2 400 mg/ kg combined with CTX (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PSP2 and PSP1 inhibited tumor growth, increased the action and reduced the toxicity of CTX. The mechanisms were related with enhancing the ratio of CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+ of spleen cells. PSP2 is effective than PSP1 in inhibiting tumor growth, enhancing the acion of CTX, and regulating the immunological function of nude mice.
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Objective: To study a new purification method of Polysaccharide Peptide of Coriolus versicolor in affinity chromatography. Methods: Isotherm and kinetics in absorption and the optimal conditions of absorption and elution were studied through static experiments. The static absorption capacity q m and absorption constant K d were calculated according to Chase model. Results: q m =55.57mg/g wet resin, K d =5.312g/L, the dynamic absorption capacity is 43.1mg, polysaccharide/g wet resin and 10.3mg protein/g wet resin.Conclusion: Affinity chromatography can be used to purify PSP preliminarily.