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The study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of water extract of Potentilla anserina (PA) on myelosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide based on metabonomics. The myelosuppressive mouse model was established by injected with cyclophosphamide and treated with water extract of PA. Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral hemogram and bone marrow nucleated cells of each group was detected. Bone marrow pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum were measured. The changes of biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomics. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. The high doses of PA could significantly improve the decrease of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (HGB) levels of mice induced by cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05), and significantly increase the number of nucleated cells and the area of hematopoietic tissue in femoral bone marrow. The medium and high doses of PA could significantly improve the serum levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, IL-6 and GM-CSF (P < 0.05), and have no significant effect on the expression of IL-3 and EPO (P > 0.05). Serum metabolomics analysis showed that the aqueous extracts of PA could alleviate myrosuppression by regulating the aminoacyl-tRNA, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis mediated by 13 different metabolites such as valine, leucine, asparagine and hydroxyisohexic acid. PA improve the inhibition of hematopoietic function in myelosuppression mouse, and its mechanisms may be related to anti-oxidation and promoting the expression of hematopoietic-related cytokines and regulating the related metabolic pathways.
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Objective: To test the anti-plateau hypoxia effect of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide(PAP), Cynomorium songarieum Rupr. polysaccharide(SCRP), Sphallerocarpus gracilis polysaccharide(SGP)and Lilium brownii polysaccharide(LP), and then investigate the protective effect of most effective polysaccharide on the high altitude cerebral edema(HACE)and high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)in rats. Methods: PAP, CSRP, SGP and LP were prepared by the water extraction-alcohol precipitation method. The normobaric hypoxia test and acute hypoxia test were performed to find out the polysaccharide with the best anti-hypoxia effect and the related dose-dependent effect in mice. A large hypobaric hypoxia chamber stimulating 8000 m altitude was used to investigate pathological changes and water contents in rat brain and lung tissue before and after hypoxia, and the concerned oxidative stress and inflammation related parameters were also measured. The protective effect of PAP on the high altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema was evaluated by the rat model experiments. Results: PAP showed the best and dose-dependent anti-hypoxia effect among the four polysaccharides. The water content in brain and lung tissues of rats increased obviously in the hypoxia model(HM)group, and the brain tissue cell hierarchical fuzzy, lung tissue congestion and edema as well as the heavy inflammatory cell infiltration, widening of alveolar interval and thickening of alveolar wall were also found in the HM group. The enzymatic activity of SOD was notablely depressed, while both the MDA and IL-1β contents in brain and lung tissues remarkably increased(P<0.01)in the HM group. Com- pared with the HM group, the water content in the rat brain and lung tissues significantly decreased in each of the different dose PAP groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar interval, and thickness of alveolar wall all notabely decreased in the HM group. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of SOD increased, while both the MDA and IL-1β contents decreased, all significantly in the PAP groups than in the HM group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: PAP showed a good anti-hypoxia effect and effectively inhibited HACE and HAPE to exert a certain protective effect in a rat model.
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The genus Potentilla are a member of Rosaceae family. The root of P. anserina L. is an important medicinal plant in Chinese Tibetan medicine and known as‘jue ma’in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which is mainly distributed in temperate, frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere. In China,it is mainly distributed in Qinghai,Gansu provinces and Tibet Autono?mous Region. This genus mainly contains polysaccharides,steroids,triterpenes,flavonoids,phenolic acids and coumarin com?pounds. The root of P. anserina has been used as both food and medicine over 1200 years. In TCM,it is suggested that the functions and indications of P. anserina be various,such as supplementing the spleen and fortifying the stomach,promoting the production of body fluid and relieving thirst,invigorating the vital energy and nourishing the blood. P. anserina is widely used in Chinese Tibetan Medicine,and polysaccharide extracted from its rhizomes is one of the main constituents possessing the pharmacology of immunomodu?latory activity,anti-oxidation,anti-hypoxia,anti-tumor and protective effect on liver injury. This article reviews the recent research progresses in the pharmacology of P. anserina polysaccharide(PAP),so as to lay the foundation of basic researches for further investi?gation and could provide the instruction for the further development and utilizition of this plant.
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The genus Potentilla are a member of Rosaceae family. The root of P. anserina L. is an important medicinal plant in Chinese Tibetan medicine and known as ‘jue ma’ in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is mainly distributed in temperate, frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere. In China, it is mainly distributed in Qinghai, Gansu provinces and Tibet Autonomous Region. This genus mainly contains polysaccharides, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarin compounds. The root of P. anserina has been used as both food and medicine over 1200 years. In TCM, it is suggested that the functions and indications of P. anserina be various, such as supplementing the spleen and fortifying the stomach, promoting the production of body fluid and relieving thirst, invigorating the vital energy and nourishing the blood. P. anserina is widely used in Chinese Tibetan Medicine, and polysaccharide extracted from its rhizomes is one of the main constituents possessing the pharmacology of immunomodulatory activity, anti-oxidation, anti-hypoxia, anti-tumor and protective effect on liver injury. This article reviews the recent research progresses in the pharmacology of P. anserina polysaccharide (PAP), so as to lay the foundation of basic researches for further investigation and could provide the instruction for the further development and utilizition of this plant.
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Objective To explore the protective mechanism of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide (PAP) on acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (D-GlaN) in mice. Methods Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, bifendate group (positive control) and PAP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) treated groups, with 10 mice in each group. After treatment with normal saline, bifendate and PAP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 7 days, themice in normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, and those in the other 5 groups were injected intraperitoneally with D-GlaN to establish acute liver injury models. All the animals were sacrificed 24 h after model establishment, and the levels of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) were determined. Results Compared with normal control group, the model group had significantly increased hepatic MDA level (P<0. 05) and significantly decreased activities of hepatic SOD, GSH-Px and level of GSH (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Compared with the model group, bifendate and 50, 100, 200 mg/kg PAP significantly decreased hepatic MDA level (P<0. 05), increased the activities of hepatic SOD, GSH-Px and level of GSH (P<0. 05, P<0. 01) in mouse acute liver injury model. Conclusion PAP can protect the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by D-GlaN, which is probably through scavenging free radicals, protecting cell membranes and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
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Objective To study in vitro the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of N-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L.(NP)against hypoxia-induced nitric oxide(NO)in hippocampus neuron of rats. Methods The models of hippocampus neurons hypoxia injury of Sprague-Dawley(SD)neonatal rats were cultured in vitro. The cultured hippocampus neurons were divided randomly into blank control group, hypoxia injury model group, nimodipine group(2 μmol/L)and NP high(250.0 mg/L),middle(62.5 mg/L),low(15.6 mg/L)dose groups. The activities of hippocampus neurons were examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay,and meanwhile their contents of nitrogen monoxidum(NO)were detected. Half quantity reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting were used to detect neuronal nitric oxide synthetase(nNOS)mRNA and protein expression levels respectively in each group,immunocytochemistry stain was used to detect protein positive rate. Results Compared with blank control group,the activity of neuron〔absorbance(A)value〕was significantly decreased(0.0826±0.0095 vs. 0.3315±0.0105),content of NO(μmol/g:0.0509±0.0027 vs. 0.0291±0.0032), the expression levels of nNOS mRNA (0.1463±0.0081 vs. 0.0801±0.0058), the positive rate of nNOS〔(74.4238±3.9423)%vs.(28.3714±4.1361)%〕,the expression levels of nNOS protein(A value:1.9130±0.0471 vs. 0.5068±0.0368)were all significantly increased in the hypoxia injury model group(all P0.05). Conclusions NP can ameliorate the injury of rat hippocampus neurons induced by hypoxia in vitro. The possible mechanisms might be related to the effective inhibition of the synthesis of nNOS and NO excessive generation.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of n-butanol extract from the roots of Potentilla anserina (NP) on hypoxic hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats.Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were pretreated with different concentration of NP (0.25,0.0625,and 0.0156 mg/mL) before incubation in a low oxygen (0.1％) environment for 4 h.Cell viability was evaluated by Trypan blue staining assay.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released by neurons into the medium was measured.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cell cytosol was determined using nitroblue tetrazolium.Morphological changes and mitochondrial function were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results Hypoxic injury could decrease the cells viability of neuron,enhance LDH release (P ＜ 0.05),decrease SOD activity,and increase mitochondrial injury.Pretreatment with NP significantly increased cell viability,decreased LDH release (P ＜ 0.05),promoted SOD activity (P ＜ 0.05),and remarkably improved cellular ultra-microstructure compared with the model group.Conclusion NP could protect the primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by attenuating mitochondrial cell death.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of n-butanol extract from Potentilla anserina (NP) intervention on hypoxia-induced Ca2+ overload and SERCA2 expression of rat cardiomyocytes.MethodsPrimary cultured myocardial cell from SD neonatal rat (1-3 d) was used in the establishment of hypoxia model.After hypoxia for 3 h,the Ca2+ concentration of myocardial cells was measured with fura-2/AM fluorescent probe,and the biochemical indicator intracellular Ca2+-ATPase was examined and the mRNA and its protective protein levels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA2) were assayed with RT-PCR,Western-blotting,and immune-cytochemical staining in each group.ResultsThe results showed that NP decreased Ca2+ concentration,increased the activity of Ca2+-ATPase,and improved the mRNA and protein expression of SERCA2 in hypoxia-injured myocardial cells as compared with the model group.ConclusionThese results indicate that NP could attenuate the Ca2+ overload.The mechanism might be explained as that NP could elevate the SERCA2 level,increase the activity of myocardium in rats,and further enhance the capacity of SR Ca2+ re-uptake.
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Objective To study the structures of three compounds isolated from the roots of Potentilla anserine.Methods These compounds were isolated and purified by the technique of macroporous resin,silica gel,and HPLC,respectively.The structures of these compound were established by chemical and spectroscopic means,especially 1D and 2D NMR.Results A novel ursane-galactoside was isolated from the roots of P.anserine along with two known ursane-and oleanane-type triterpene glycosides.The new compound was identified as 2?,3?, 19?-trihydroxyurs-28-O-?-D-galactonopyranosyl ester(anserinoside,Ⅱ).The known compounds were elucidated as 2?-3?,19?-trihydroxy-oleanolic acid-28-O-?-D-glucoside(24-deoxy-sericoside,Ⅰ) and 2-carbonyl-3?-19?-dihydroxyurs-28-O-?-D-glucoside(2-oxo-pomolic acid ?-D-glucopyranosyl ester,Ⅲ).Conclusion The three compounds including the new compound are isolated from the roots of P.anserine for the first time and anserinoside is a new one.