Perfil de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Regional de Temuco año 2018 / Profile of the Intensive Care Unit of the Regional Hospital of Temuco year 2018

RESUMEN: La UTI de Temuco es el único centro que recibe pacientes críticos en toda la Novena Región, que tiene un alto número de población mapuche y el mayor índice de pobreza de Chile. Desde 2017 Temuco cuenta con una nueva Unidad de Pacientes Críticos. Queríamos mostrar nuestra realidad de enero a diciembre de 2018. MÉTODO: Se revisaron y analizaron los egresos del período de un año descrito: edad, sexo, etnicidad, procedencia, diagnóstico de ingreso, Apache II, comorbilidad, días de hospitalización, ventilación mecánica y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: de 683 altas en el período de estudio, se obtuvieron 500 (73,3%) expedientes clínicos con datos suficientes para revisión: 54,2% hombres. Edad media 57,8 (15-92), 14,4% etnia mapuche. El 49,4% de los pacientes procedía de cirugía, el 26,4% de Urgencias y el 13,8% de UTI. Los diagnósticos de ingreso fueron, 36% neurológico, 20% digestivo, 18% respiratorio. El Apache II de admisiones fue de 16,27 (0-52). Los días de hospitalización fueron 9,7. El 92% de los ingresos fueron pacientes que requirieron ventilación mecánica. CONCLUSIONES: Somos una unidad de alta complejidad, en parte, por la complejidad de las cirugías que aquí se realizan, lo que requiere estancia en UCI posquirúrgica.

Procedencia y estadía hospitalaria como indicador vinculado a la mortalidad en la atención secundaria / Patient origin and hospital stay as an indicator linked to mortality in secondary care

Introducción: La mortalidad es uno de los indicadores necesarios para el análisis del estado sanitario de una comunidad. Objetivo: Identificar la relación de la procedencia y estadía hospitalaria como indicador vinculado a mortalidad a nivel de la atención secundaria. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el que se incluyeron 2255 fallecidos autopsiados, durante el período de 1986 a 2015. Se obtuvo la información a través del Sistema automatizado de registro y control en Anatomía patológica. Resultados: El 74,42 por ciento de los fallecimientos ocurrieron en el área de atención al grave y el 40,13 por ciento de los casos fallecieron con no más de 48 horas de estadía. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los fallecimientos ocurrieron en el área de atención al grave, con no más de 48 horas de estadía, existe un vínculo estrecho entre procedencia y estadía hospitalaria como índice de mortalidad(AU)

Introduction: The mortality is one of the necessary indicators for the analysis of the sanitary state of a community. Objective: Identify the relationship of the origin and hospital stay as an indicator linked to mortality at the level of secondary care. Methods: Was carried out an observational, descriptive study, cross sectional that included 2255 deceases with autopsy during the period from 1986 to 2015. The information was obtained through the Automated System of Registration and Control in Pathological Anatomy. Results: 74.42 percent of the deaths occurred in the area of critically ill patients and 40.13 percent of the cases died with no more than 48 hours of stay. Conclusions: Most of the deaths happened in the area of attention to the critically ill patients with not more than 48 hours of stay, existing a narrow bond between origin and hospital stay as index of mortality(AU)

Capacidad de formación de biopelículas en especies del género Candida de procedencia clínica / Capability of biofilm formation in Candida genus species of clinical origin

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la capacidad de formación de biopelículas en especies del género Candida provenientes de muestras clínicas con procesos infecciosos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 70 aislados obtenidos de laboratorios clínicos privados. Para la identificación de las especies se utilizó la Prueba de tubo germinativo y la técnica de microcultivo en agar harina de maíz con tween 80, mientras que la cuantificación de la capacidad de formación de biopelículas se realizó por la técnica de microplaca de poliestireno. Entre los resultados obtenidos en la investigación las especies aisladas fueron: Candida glabrata (34%), Complejo Candida albicans (30%), Complejo Candida parapsilosis (27%) y Candida tropicalis (9%), de las cuales 41 aislados (59%) formaron biopelículas, resultando el Complejo Candida albicans y Candida glabrata las especies con mayor grado de formación de biopelículas con 29% cada una, seguida de Complejo Candida parapsilosis con 27% y Candida tropicalis con 15%. Las cepas que tuvieron mayor formación de biopelículas provenían de orina, seguidas de secreción ótica, secreción vaginal y sangre, sin embargo al aplicar la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (x2) de Pearson se determinó que no existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la capacidad de formación de biopelículas y el grado de formación con la procedencia clínica así como tampoco hay asociación entre la capacidad de formación de biopelículas y grado de formación con la especie involucrada (p > 0,05)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the capability of biofilm formation in Candida genus species from clinical samples with infectious conditions. The sample consisted of 70 isolates obtained from private clinical laboratories. Germ tube test and agar cornmeal with tween 80 microculture technique were used as species identification, meanwhile, quantification of biofilm formation capacity was performed by the polystyrene microplate technique. Among the results obtained in the research, isolated species were: Candida glabrata (34%), Candida albicans Complex (30%), Candidaparapsilosis Complex (27%) and Candida tropicalis (9%), of which 41 isolates (59%) formed biofilms, resulting Candida albicans and Candida glabrata Complex species with the highest degree of biofilms with 29% each, followed by Candida parapsilosis Complex with 27% and Candida tropicalis with 15%. Strains with more biofilm formation came from urine, followed by ear discharge, vaginal secretion and blood. However, by applying the Chi squaretest the Pearson, it was determined that there was no statistically significant association between thecapability of biofilm formation and the formation degree with clinical origin, neither there is association between the ability of biofilm formation and the formation degree with the species involved (p> 0.05).

Perfil de ingreso de los alumnos de Enfermería, Facultades de Estudios Superiores Iztacala y Zaragoza, UNAM / Nursing student's enrollment profile, Iztacala and Zaragoza Superior Studies Faculties, UNAM

Introducción: La Universidad tiene como una de sus tareas conocer a los estudiantes, ya que en la medida que nuestro sistema de educación logre tener mayor información sobre el perfil de éstos y sus trayectorias escolares, se podrán diseñar e implementar políticas novedosas y funcionales que atiendan las necesidades específicas de su población. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil de los estudiantes que ingresan a la Licenciatura en Enfermería de México. Las Facultades de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala y Zaragoza. Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, con estudiantes de primer ingreso de la generación 2011-I de la FES Zaragoza e Iztacala. La población de estudio fueron 600 alumnos. La recolección de la información fue a través de un cuestionario. La confiabilidad del instrumento fue de 0.875 con la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach. Para el manejo de la información se elaboró una base de datos con el programa SPSS® y se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 49% de alumnos proviene de pase reglamentado, el promedio de ingreso es de 8.1 a 9.0; en el 61% Enfermería fue primera elección; el nivel socioeconómico de los alumnos es bajo; en el 74% el promedio durante el primer año fue de 8.0 a 10.0. Discusión: A diferencia de otras Carreras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), la de Enfermería da cabida a casi el 50% de los aspirantes de escuelas externas a ella. Los alumnos aún cuando son de nivel socioeconómico bajo, reúnen características favorables para su trayectoria escolar, entre ellas, un buen promedio y que fueron admitidos en la Carrera que seleccionaron.

Introduction: The University has as one of its tasks to better know the profiles and trajectories of students, so that supporting innovative and functional policies can be designed and implemented. Objective: To analyze the profile of students enrolling into the Nursing Undergraduate System at the Iztacala and Zaragoza Superior Studies Faculty. Method: Basic-descriptive study with freshmen students of the 2011-I generation of the Nursing Bachelors Degree program at the FES Zaragoza and Iztacala. the population was 600 alumni. A questionnaire was used to gather data. the instrument reliability was equivalent to a 0.875 Cronbach Alpha score. A SPSS® database was created and data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: The 49% of the students came from the "automatic pass" format. The enrollment grade point average went from 8.1 to 9.0. For the 61% of the students, nursing was their first choice of major. The socioeconomic level of the students was low. The 76% of the students obtained a grade point average between 8.0 and 10.0 during all their freshman year. Discussion: Unlike other careers at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Nursing accepts almost 50% of the prospects from external schools, situation which does not occur in other careers. Although the majority of students who entered have a low social-economical level, they have other favorable characteristics for their school trajectory such as a good grade point average and that they were accepted in the career that they chose.

O processo de reconhecimento das indicações geográficas de alimentos e bebidas brasileiras: regulamento de uso, delimitação da área e diferenciação do produto / The process of geographical indications recognition for food and beverages in Brazil: regulation of use, delimitation aerea and product differentiation

As denominações de origem e as indicações de procedência compõem as espécies de indicação geográfica (IG) previstas pela legislação brasileira e têm sido vistas como formas de mobilização e valorização dos territórios e de agregação de valor aos produtos típicos e de qualidade diferenciada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a condução das etapas de elaboração do regulamento de uso, delimitação da área e comprovação da notoriedade e da relação entre produto e meio geográfico das IGs brasileiras. A metodologia adotada foi pesquisa survey, realizada por meio de questionários semiestruturados. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar das lacunas da legislação brasileira sobre IGs, vários órgãos têm viabilizado o processo de construção das IGs brasileiras atuando de forma decisiva nas etapas de elaboração do regulamento de uso (universidades, ONGs, INPI), delimitação da área (universidades, Embrapa, Emater, IMA), comprovação da notoriedade (SEBRAE) e da relação entre meio geográfico e qualidade (universidades). A comprovação da influência do território nas características qualitativas do produto constitui, atualmente, o principal entrave ao desenvolvimento das denominações de origem no País.

The appellations of origin and indication of source are species of geographical indication (GI) provided by the Brazilian industrial property law that could be seen as one of the ways of mobilization and recovering of the rural territories adding value to local products with differentiated quality. This study aimed to characterize the stages of the construction of the regulations of use of GI, the geographical area delimitation, the evidence of reputation and the relationship between product and geographical environment of GIs in Brazil. The survey research was the methodology adopted conducted through semi-structured questionnaires. The results showed that despite the shortcomings of the Brazilian legislation on GIs, several organs has enabled the construction process of the Brazilian GIs acting decisively on the elaboration steps of the regulation of use (universities, NGOs, INPI), on the area delimitation (universities , Embrapa, Emater, IMA), on the evidence of reputation (SEBRAE) and on the relationship between geographical environment and quality (universities). The proof of the influence of the geographical environment on the product qualitative characteristics is currently the main obstacle to the development of appellations of origin in the country.

Predictores geográficos como factores de riesgo de gastrosquisis en un hospital de alta especialidad en México / Geographic conditions as predictor factors of gastroschisis in a high speciality hospital in Mexico

Objetivo: Conocer la edad materna y el lugar de residencia como factores epidemiológicos asociados a los factores de riesgo en el recién nacido con gastrosquisis, en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal del Hospital General de México, durante el periodo del primero de enero del 2010 al primero de enero del 2012. Método: Se trata de un estudio de tipo epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo, retrospectivo de la especialidad en neonatología. Resultados: Se detectaron 53 defectos de pared en un periodo de dos años, de los cuales 43 fueron gastrosquisis y 10 onfalocele; de aquéllos, 22 correspondieron al género femenino y 21 al masculino. La edad materna fue de 20 años en nueve casos, con máximo y mínimo de 17 y 26. El Estado de México presentó mayor incidencia con 23 casos, correspondiendo al municipio de Ixtapaluca cuatro casos. El Distrito Federal reportó 18 casos con predominio de siete en la delegación Cuauhtémoc. Otros dos casos correspondieron a los estados de Guerrero y Veracruz. Conclusiones: La incidencia de gastrosquisis se incrementó respecto a los años 2010 (20 casos) y 2011 (23). La edad materna encontrada correspondió a lo reportado en la literatura, con predominio en madres jóvenes menores de 20 años. En cuanto al género, el estudio arrojó un predominio del sexo femenino de 22:21. El Estado de México fue mayormente asociado como factor de riesgo, probablemente por su infraestructura sanitaria y su nivel socioeconómico.

Objective: To determine maternal age and place of residence and epidemiological factors associated risk factors in newborns with gastroschisis in the Department of Neonatal Intensive Care of General Hospital of México, during a period of first January 2010 to first January 2012. Method: This is a study of the medical service of the specialty in neonatology epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective. Results: A total of 53 wall defects in a period of two years, of which 43 were gastroschisis and 10 omphalocele of this 22 were female and 21 male. Maternal age was 20 years found in 9 cases, with extremes of 17 and 26. The State of Mexico with the highest incidence of 23 cases, these correspond Ixtapaluca Township 4 cases. While the Federal District reported 18 cases, predominantly in Cuauhtémoc, with 7 cases. Two cases were reported corresponding to the states of Guerrero and Veracruz. Conclusions: The incidence of gastroschisis is increased from the year 2010 with 20 cases and in 2011 23 cases. Maternal age was found within the literature reporting the prevalence in mothers younger than 20 years, in terms of gender study showed predominance over the female of 22:21. The State of Mexico was largely associated with geographic risk factor most likely associated with the health infrastructure, socioeconomic status.

Amputação por pé diabético em pacientes hospitalizados da cidade do Recife / Amputations for diabetic foot among patients hospitalized in the city of Recife

Objetiva-se analisar amputações por pé diabético em pacientes de dois hospitais públicos do Recife, segundo a procedência do paciente. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo na modalidade quantitativa. Sendo que 41,6% da amostra já havia sido internada por problema com os pés. A prevalência de amputação entre os residentes na região metropolitana da cidade do Recife foi 72,2% (p menor que 0,05). Verificou-se associação entre amputações e procedência do paciente. Os resultados alertam gestores públicos para a necessidade de melhorar o acesso e utilização da população aos serviços de atenção básica de modo a prevenir e controlar o agravo pé diabético.

Procedencia de pacientes diagnosticados en la unidad proyecto aragua: importancia para el programa de fibrosis quística / Origin of patients diagnosed in the proyect init aragua: relevace for cystic fibrosis program

La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad con patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo que afecta los sistemas respiratorio y digestivo en forma crónica y casi siempre subletal. En Venezuela han documentado que la frecuencia de la enfermedad es baja y la distribución no es homogénea. Este trabajo presenta la información sobre la procedencia geográfica según frecuencia de casos con Fibrosis Quística diagnosticados en la Unidad Proyecto Aragua de la Universidad de Carabobo, desde junio de 1993 a junio de 2008. A partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que acudieron para la indagación de dicha enfermedad se tomaron los datos sobre sexo del paciente, edad al momento del diagnóstico, lugar de nacimiento de padres, abuelos y bisabuelos. Se diseñó el Índice de Procedencia para Fibrosis Quística. Se obtuvo 3,96% de positividad en los casos referidos y 76,2% se encuentran en edades entre 0 - 4 años. Se recibió referencia de 22 estados del país. El Indice de Procedencia de los estados de mayor a menor resultó en este orden Apure, Portuguesa, Anzoátegui, Lara, Trujillo, Guárico, Yaracuy, Carabobo y Aragua. Aparecieron otros focos: Siqui- Siqui en Lara, San Fernando y San Juan de Payara en Apure y Yaritagua, Aroa y Salom en Yaracuy. Las evidencias de epidemiología genética encontrados, pueden ser considerados por el Programa Nacional de Fibrosis Quística del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud para el establecimiento de centros diagnósticos y el eventual programa de identificación.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease with autosomal recessive patron that affects the digestive and respiratory systems in chronic and almost always in sublethal form. Epidemiological studies in Venezuela have documented that the incidence of the disease is low and the distribution is not homogeneous. This paper presents information on the geographical origin of patients diagnosed in the Unidad Proyecto Aragua (UPA) of Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua (University of Carabobo, Aragua Campus), from June of 1993 to June 2008. After reviewing medical records of patients who came for the detection of CF data were taken from the patient's sex, age at diagnosis, birthplace of parents, grandparents and great grandparents. Was design the provenance index (IP) of CF. Was obtained 3,96% of positivity to CF in referred cases and 76,2% are aged 0 to 4 years. Reference was received from 22 states in the country. the (IP) of the states from high to low provenance result: Apure, Portuguesa, Anzoátegui, Lara, Trujillo, Guárico, Yaracuy, Carabobo and Aragua. Others outbreaks appeared: Siqui-Siqui in Barquisimeto, San Fernando, San Juan de Payara in Apure and Yaritagua, Aroa and Salom in Yaracuy. Arguments of genetic epidemiology found must be considered by the National Program for Cystic Fibrosis of the Ministry of People's Power for Health for the establishment of diagnosis centers and eventual neonatal identification program in areas of greater frequency that showed the study.

Variabilidade entre procedências de paricá Schizolobium parahyba var amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby plantadas no município de Colares - Pará / Variability among Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby provenances planted in the municipality of Colares - PA

O estudo envolveu quatro procedências de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) plantadas no município de Colares-PA, seguindo um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. As características estudadas foram: sobrevivência, altura da planta, diâmetro a 1,30m do solo (DAP), altura e diâmetro da copa, percentagem de plantas atacadas e tipo de casca. A avaliação foi efetuada aos três anos de idade. Foram encontradas diferenças entre procedências para a sobrevivência e crescimento em altura da planta e DAP, não tendo sido encontradas diferenças para as características de altura da copa, diâmetro da copa, percentagem de plantas atacadas e tipo de casca. A procedência de maior sobrevivência foi Belterra que diferiu das demais ao nível de 5% de significância. Para o crescimento em Altura da planta e DAP, as procedências Belterra, Ji-Paraná e Alta Floresta foram estatisticamente iguais entre si, diferindo de Brasiléia que apresentou o menor desenvolvimento. As procedência Belterra, Alta Floresta e Ji-Paraná podem ser recomendadas para o uso em programas de reflorestamento e sistemas agroflorestais para esta região. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman indicou alta associação entre as variáveis de produção e a latitude, indicando que as procedências de latitudes mais baixas tendem a ter um maior desenvolvimento, entretanto, devido este estudo ter envolvido somente uma pequena amostra dentro da ampla área de distribuição da espécie, é aconselhável ampliar o trabalho de prospecção e coleta para melhor explorar a variabilidade no programa de melhoramento genético com a espécie.

The study involved four three-year-old provenances of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum planted in the municipality of Colares-Pará, following an experimental design of randomized blocks with five replications. The studied characteristics were: survival, plant height, diameter at 1.30 m from the ground (DAP), height and diameter of the tree crown, percentage of attacked plants and type of bark. Differences among origins for the survival and growth in height of plant and DAP had been found, however, no differences were found for crown height characteristics, crown diameter, percentage plants of attacked plants and bark type. The provenance with the highest survival was Belterra. For plant growth in height and DAP, the provenances Belterra, Ji-Paraná and Alta Floresta were statistically similar, differing from Brasiléia that presented the lowest development. The provenances Belterra, Alta Floresta and Ji-Paraná can be recommended for reforestation programs and agroforestry systems for this region. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a strong association among the production variables and the latitude, indicating that the provenances from lower latitudes tend to have a higher development. However, due to this study had involved only a small sample inside of the ample area of distribution of the species, it is advisable to extend the prospection and collecting activities for better explore the variability in the program of genetic improvement of the species.

Análise do comércio de bananas em Lavras: Minas Gerais / Analysis of banana trade in Lavras: Minas Gerais

A participação de Lavras na oferta de banana no mercado local é muito pequena, considerando-se que o Brasil é o segundo país maior produtor com 6,6 milhões de toneladas e Minas Gerais é o quarto entre os Estados produtores dessa fruta. Visando a quantificar a participação de Lavras e região na oferta de banana no mercado local, realizou-se esse trabalho em duas etapas: 2002/2003 e 2004/ 2005. A aplicação mensal de questionários nos principais estabelecimentos comerciais de hortifruti e feiras - livre de Lavras, permitiu conhecer o volume comercializado, procedência e perdas das principais cultivares de banana. Os resultados obtidos mostram que em 2002/2003 foram comercializados 945,24 t e em 2004/2005 foi de 1.001,98 t. Desse volume, 6,56% em 2002/2003 e 14,62% em 2004/ 2005 tiveram como origem Lavras. O consumo per capita anual manteve-se em torno de 11,8 kg nos dois períodos pesquisados. As bananas tipo ‘Prata’, foram as mais comercializadas nas duas etapas, 54,7% no primeiro período e 58,7% no segundo, sendo que 7,91% e 18,35% , respectivamente, tiveram como origem Lavras. O volume de banana ‘Marmelo’ e do tipo ‘Nanicão`, foram de 1,91% e 28,4%, respectivamente, sendo que 84,0% da ‘Marmelo’ e 3,43% da tipo ‘Nanicão’ na segunda etapa foram procedentes de Lavras. A banana ‘Maç㒠teve uma redução de 125,30 t para 107,47 t, correspondendo a 13,26%, sendo que a oferta dessa cultivar, originada de Lavras, manteve-se em 13,8%. As bananas ‘Maç㒠e ‘Marmelo’ apresentaram as menores perdas, 3,56% e 4,78% e as dos tipos ‘Prata’e ‘Nanicão’as maiores perdas, 9,39% e 10, 75%, respectivamente.

The participation of Lavras in the banana production offered to the local commerce is still very low considering that Brazil is the second banana producer of the world, with a production around 6.6 ton/year and per-capita consumption of 24.4 kg/year. Minas Gerais ranks in the fifth place among the most important Brazilian state producers. This research was carried out between 2002/2003 and 2004/2005, aimed to quantify Lavras participation in the banana market in the period considered. Monthly, a questionnaire was applied in the main produce commercial centers in Lavras, in order to assess the commercialized amount and the origins and losses of banana of the main cultivars during their commercialization chain. The results show that in 2002/2003, 945.24 ton was commercialized while this value reached 1,001.98 ton in 2004/2005. From this volume, 6.56% in the first phase and 14.6% in the second phase had the origin in Lavras. A 6% increase was verified from the first to the second phase. The per capita consumption was kept around 11.8 kg/year. The ‘Prata’ banana was the most commercialized in Lavras, representing 54.7% and 58.7%, in the first and second phase, respectively. In the first phase, 7.9% was from Lavras region and 18.3%, in the second phase. The amounts of ‘Marmelo’ banana and of ‘Nanicão’-like were 1.91% and 28.40%, respectively. The ‘Marmelo’ banana produced in Lavras was kept around 84.00% in both phases, while the ‘Nanicão’-like was 84.0% and 3.43% in the first and second phase, respectively. The ‘Maç㒠banana had a reduction of 125.30 to 107.47 ton correspondent to 13.26% and the participation of Lavras in its production was around 13.8%. The ‘Maç㒠and ‘Marmelo’ bananas presented the lowest losses, 3.56% and 4.78%, whereas those like ‘Prata’ and ‘Nanicão’ showed the highest losses, 9.39% and 10.75%, respectively.

Lesiones quísticas bucales diagnosticadas en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. Estado Zulia. Venezuela / Injure cystic buccal diagnosed in assisted patients in the University Hospital of Maracaibo. Zulia. Venezuela

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo (lapso enero 1992 - enero 2002), para determinar la prevalencia de lesiones quísticas bucales en los pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Buco-Maxilo-Facial del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Venezuela. La población estuvo conformada por todas las personas que recibieron asistencia en el Servicio y como muestra los diagnósticos positivos de lesión quística bucal. Para la anotación de la información se utilizó una Hoja de Registro de Datos que permitió obtener, entre otros, los siguientes antecedentes: edad, sexo, ocupación, procedencia geográfica del paciente, diagnóstico de lesión quística bucal, tipo de quiste, localización y área más afectada. Los datos se procesaron utilizando un paquete estadístico computarizado denominado Estadística para Windows (Statistica for Windows), y en el análisis se identificó una tasa de 29.05 por mil individuos con lesiones quísticas bucales durante el período, así como asociación significativa entre la edad y el tipo de quiste bucal prevalente en la población y ligeras diferencias entre los sexos con relación a padecer o no la patología. Hubo prevalencia del quiste radicular apical, seguido del quiste dentígero, localizándose predominantemente en la mandíbula y maxilar superior, resultando las áreas más afectadas la anterior del maxilar superior y posterior izquierda de la mandíbula. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la prevalencia de lesiones quísticas bucales debe ser precisada en la región para obtener su tasa exacta de expresión y realizar exámenes a la población que permitan identificar precozmente los signos y síntomas de la patología y aplicar el tratamiento necesario.

A retrospective study was done (January 1992 - January 2002) to determine the prevalence of buccal cystic lesion in the patients attended in the Service of Bucco-Facial Maxillary Surgery of the University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela. The population was conformed by all the people that received attendance in the Service and like sample the positive diagnoses of buccal cystic lesion. For the annotation of the information a Leaf of Registration of Data was used that allowed to obtain, among other, the following antecedents: age, sex, occupation, and the patient's geographical origin, diagnosis of the cystic lesion of the mouth, cyst type, localization and more affected area. The data were processed using a package statistical on-line denominated Statistic for Windows, and in the analysis a rate of 29.05 was identified by a thousand individuals with buccal cystic lesions during the period, as well as significant association between the age and the type of cyst buccal prevalence in the population and slight differences among the sexes with relationship to suffer or not the pathology. There was prevalence of the radicular apical cyst, followed by the dentígerous cyst, being located predominantly in the jaw and maxillary superior, being the affected areas the previous of the maxillary superior and later left of the jaw. The obtained results allow to conclude that the prevalence of buccal cystic lesions should be specified in the region to obtain its exact rate of expression and to carry out exams to the population that you/they allow to identify the signs and symptoms of the pathology precociously and to apply the necessary treatment.

Lugar habitual de residencia de pacientes hospitalizados en la red de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Santa Fe de Bogotá / Usual place of residence of patients hospitalized in the network of the Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Santa Fe de Bogota

Objetivos 1 - Identificar el lugar habitual de residencia de los pacientes hospitalizados en las instituciones de la red adscrita y no adscrita de II y III nivel de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud-Fondo Financiero Distrital de Salud. 2- Identificar y relacionar las diferentes variables sociodemográficas con respecto a la procedencia y cargo económico del paciente. 3- Identificar los diferentes aspectos relacionados con la referencia, tipo de ingreso y contrarreferencia de pacientes y asociarlos con la procedencia. 4- Identificar la relación de duración de estancia, diagnósticos y de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en los pacientes objeto de estudio. 5- Generar modelos multivariados que permitan identificar el efecto ajustado que tiene el lugar habitual de residencia sobre la asignación del cargo económico del paciente por parte de la IPS. Metodología Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo con una dimensionalidad transversal. El universo de referencia a partir del cual se realizaron las inferencias de los resultados, fue el de los pacientes hospitalizados en la red adscrita y no adscrita de II y III nivel del Distrito del I I de enero al 5 de febrero de 1999. Las variables involucradas fueron de carácter sociodemográfico, características generales de la hospitalización, cargo económico del paciente, costo de la atención y lugar habitual de residencia. Se utilizó una entrevista estructurada a cada uno de los pacientes, para adquirir la información requerida; además de la hoja estadística de admisión, notas de enfermería e historia clínica, esta última con la debida autorización de la institución. Resultados De 2.696 pacientes incluidos finalmente en el análisis, se determinó que el 8,73% de estos residían fuera de Bogotá. El pertenecer a este tipo de pacientes fue un factor de riesgo para ser asumido inadecuadamente por parte del Fondo Financiero Distrital de Salud. Conclusiones A partir de los resultados mostrados se destaca en forma clara la relación existente entre el hecho de residir fuera de Bogotá y el ser asumido inadecuadamente por parte del Fondo Distrital de Salud. A partir de estos resultados se propone realizar diferentes estrategias de carácter administrativo y operativo con el fin de resolver el problema.

Objectives 1- To identify the usual place of residence of the patients hospitalized in the institutions of the II and III level network of the District Health Secretariat-District Health Financial Fund. 2- To identify and relate the different sociodemographic variables with respect to the origin and economic position of the patient. 3- To identify the different aspects related to referral, type of admission and counter-referral of patients and associate them with the origin. 4- To identify the relationship between length of stay, diagnoses and in-hospital mortality in the patients under study. 5- To generate multivariate models that allow the identification of the adjusted effect that the usual place of residence has on the allocation of the economic charge of the patient by the IPS. Methodology A descriptive study with a cross-sectional dimensionality was carried out. The reference universe from which the inferences of the results were made was that of the patients hospitalized in the ascribed and non-ascribed network of the II and III level of the District from January I to February 5, 1999. The variables involved were sociodemographic, general characteristics of hospitalization, economic position of the patient, cost of care and usual place of residence. A structured interview with each patient was used to acquire the required information; in addition to the admission statistics sheet, nursing notes and clinical history, the latter with due authorization from the institution. Results Of the 2,696 patients finally included in the analysis, it was determined that 8.73% of these patients resided outside Bogotá. Belonging to this type of patients was a risk factor to be inadequately assumed by the Fondo Financiero Distrital de Salud. Conclusions Based on the results shown, the relationship between residing outside Bogota and being inadequately assumed by the District Health Fund clearly stands out. Based on these results, different administrative and operational strategies are proposed in order to solve the problem.