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1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 35(2): 459-475, dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019918

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se investigó el procesamiento de los rasgos de género y número en la producción de la concordancia sujeto-verbo y sujeto-adjetivo predicativo del español. Bajo el paradigma de elicitación de errores diseñamos un experimento en el que se manipuló el género del sustantivo núcleo del sujeto (N1) y del sustantivo interfiriente (N2) (masculino-femenino), y el número de N1 y de N2 (singular-plural): Ejemplo: El abuelo (N1) del chico (N2). Participaron del experimento 20 sujetos a los que se les presentó en forma visual la base del adjetivo por 500 ms (PEINAD_) y luego el preámbulo (4000 ms.) que debían leer y completar con el verbo ser o estar y el adjetivo flexionado. Ejemplo: El abuelo del chico está peinado. A cada sujeto se le administró una lista con 128 targets. Se analizó el patrón de errores y de omisiones de la concordancia sujeto-verbo (S-V) y sujeto-predicativo (S-P). Los resultados arrojaron efectos de marcación de número y de género. Los datos indicaron que los participantes produjeron más errores de concordancia S-V cuando el sustantivo interfiriente estaba en plural; mientras que el rasgo más influyente para la concordancia S-P fue el género femenino del sustantivo núcleo del sujeto. Los datos obtenidos en nuestro trabajo experimental fueron analizados en términos de una teoría general del procesamiento de modo que permiten informar un modelo de producción de la concordancia aún en desarrollo.


In this work the processing features of gender and number in subject-verb agreement and subject-predicate adjective in the sentence production in Spanish was investigated. As a general objective, in this work we set out to investigate the processing of the features that come into play in both subject-verb and subject-adjective predicative agreement in our language. Specifically, an attempt will be made to answer if the features of gender and number are processed in the same way, if the feature have a default value and if the values present differences, that is, if the singular differs from the plural, and the masculine from the feminine. This will allow us to establish if any of these values is more error-sensitive. In addition, we seek to identify the role of the marking concept. Under the paradigm of error elicitation we designed an experiment in which the Gender of the head noun (N1) and local noun (N2) (Masculine-Feminine),and the Number of N1 and N2 (Singular-Plural) was manipulated: Example: El abuelo (N1) del niño (N2). 20 subjects participated in the experiment which were presented in visual form the basis of the adjective for 500 ms. (PEINAD_) and then the preamble (4000 ms.) The participants read and completed with the verb "to be" and inflected adjective: Example: El abuelo del niño está peinado. Each participant was given a list of 128 targets. The pattern of errors and omissions of subject-verb agreement (S-V) and subject-predicate (S-P) was analyzed. The results showed main effects of number and gender. The data indicated that the participants produced more attraction errors of S-V when the local noun was in plural; while the most influential feature for S-P agreement was the feminine gender of the head noun of the subject. In summary, in relation to the agreement between the subject and the verb, and specifically, for the number feature, classical asymmetry was found, with greater interference when the head noun appeared in singular and the local noun in plural. The surprising fact, which could come to light given the characteristics of the design of the experiment, is that the attraction occurred more strongly when the gender of both nouns matched. With regard to agreement of subject- adjective predicate, and with respect to the gender of the nouns and the adjective, a main effect of the gender of the head noun was found, with more errors when the N1 appeared in feminine. We also found an interaction between the gender of N1 and the gender of N2, with more errors when the N1 appeared in feminine and N2 in masculine, and at the same time when the number of both coincided. The data suggest that it seems that the most influential feature to make the agreement between the subject and the predicate adjective is the gender of head noun, with a higher probability of interference when it appears in the feminine gender. In sum, our experimental research gathered evidence that allows us to progress in the characterization of how and when the processing of agreement and interference occurring in situations forced by experimental conditions as in natural speech. In particular, we analyze the characteristics of the gender and number features and the role of the marking concept. The data obtained in our experimental work were analyzed in terms of a general theory of processing so as to inform a production model of the still developing agreement.

2.
Univ. psychol ; 12(spe5): 1493-1504, dic. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-725031

ABSTRACT

To Look and speak requires a dynamic synchronization of both visual attention and linguistic processing. This study explored patterns of visual attention in a group of Hindi speaking children and adults, as they generated sentences to real photographs. Photographs contained either a single human agent performing an intransitive action, an agent performing an action with an object or two actors involved in a mutual action in the presence of an object. The eye movements were recorded as participants generated sentences for each photograph, and several dependent measures were calculated. Eye movements to subject and verb regions in each picture revealed striking differences between children and adults as far as deployment of visual attention was concerned. Adults deployed significantly higher amount of attention to the verb region during the conceptualization process and throughout viewing compared to children. Children had higher number of fixations and saccades to different regions but did not attend to the regions in a stable manner over time. The results suggest that in a verb final language like Hindi, generating sentence requires first allocation of attention to the region denoting action, and children and adults differ from each other in this process.


Mirar y hablar requieren una sincronización dinámica de la atención visual y el procesamiento lingüístico. Este estudio exploró los patrones de atención visual en un grupo de niños y adultos hablantes de Hindi cuando generaban oraciones de fotografías reales. Las fotografías contenían un único agente humano realizando una acción intransitiva, un agente realizando una acción con un objeto o dos actores implicados en una acción mutua en la presencia de un objeto. El movimiento ocular fue registrado mientras los participantes generaban oraciones para cada fotografía y se calcularon algunas medidas dependientes. El movimiento ocular para las regiones de sujeto y verbo en cada figura revelaron diferencias notables entre niños y adultos en cuanto al desempeño de la atención visual. Los adultos desplegaron una cantidad significativamente mayor de atención a la región verbo durante el proceso de conceptualización y durante todo el proceso en comparación con los niños. Los niños tuvieron mayor número de fijaciones y movimientos sacádicos de diferentes regiones, pero no atendieron a las regiones de manera estable en el tiempo. Los resultados sugieren que en un lenguaje, en donde el verbo va al final como el Hindi, se generan frases que requieren en primer lugar distribución de atención a la región que denota acción, y tanto los niños como los adultos difieren en este proceso.


Subject(s)
Perception , Cognition
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