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Introduction: Physiotherapists have been trained to possess unique superspeciality potential to conduct biomechanical analyses by visual observations and decode the kinetics of various static and dynamic postures. This distinct skill of Physiotherapists enables them to make accurate clinical diagnosis with credible rationale in many occasions without even the support of any specialized equipment. Additionally, apart from the ability to directly examine the patients elaborately in the clinical settings, Physiotherapists are also inherently capable of Non-participant observation to endlessly upgrade their knowledge and interpretation skills by just visually observing various movement patterns in sports, household activities, occupational tasks etc. Gait is one of the commonly seen dynamic postures which can also be analysed to certain extent using Non-participation observation method. The determination to research the alignment of feet in human gait developed after noticing the prevalence of walking with Outward Deviation of Feet (ODF) among various individuals in public spaces. Methodology: Non-participant visual observation of the ODF was carried out in various public spaces like roads, railways stations, streets, fitness clubs etc. Additionally, the walking patterns of people of other countries were also searched in social media like YouTube. Both anterior view and posterior view of the gait of the individuals were observed and possible biomechanical interpretations were made for the development of new theories and research pathways. Results: Large number of children were found consistently aligning their feet straight except few sporadically. Walking with ODF was found frequent among many adolescents, middle age adults and older adults. Conclusion: Taking into account of the increased foot progression angle and narrowed step width, ODF should be viewed as a potential biomechanical problem that would probably be acquired from the adolescence (or even before the adolescence) as one of the earliest asymptomatic biomechanical dysfunctions of unhealthy ageing.
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Objective To study the influence of foot progression angle on tibial shock during running. Methods The normal, toe-in and toe-out gait of fifteen healthy adults was tested during running trials on a treadmill. The differences in tibial shock (impact peak, average loading rate, instantaneous loading rate and maximum tibia acceleration) for runners at different foot progression angles were analyzed to explore the influence of foot progression angle on tibial shock. The changes in sagittal plane trunk angle, strike pattern, stride frequency and step width of runners under three gaits were also compared to explore its possible causes. Results Compared with normal gait, the maximum tibial acceleration of toe-in and toe-out gait was increased by 19.3% and 24.5%, impact peak was increased by 7.6%, average loading rate was increased by 7.9% and 9.5%, instantaneous loading rate was increased by 3.9% and 10-.9%, with significant statistic differences. No significant changes were found in sagittal plane trunk angle, strike pattern, stride frequency and step width. Conclusions Foot progression angle might be an another gait parameter which affected tibial shock during running in addition to other related known gait parameters such as sagittal plane trunk angle, strike pattern, stride frequency and step width，which would provide an important reference for prevention of tibial stress fracture.
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@#Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease. Biomechanics of lower extremity plays an important role in KOA. Foot progression angle, with the advantages of non-invasive, convenience, has been attached great importance by people gradually. Changing foot progression angle may effect the knee adduction torque, tibia rotation, muscle activity, which leads to change the load of the knee joint, and alleviate the pain, improve the function of knee joint and the quality of life of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease. Biomechanics of lower extremity plays an important role in KOA. Foot progression angle, with the advantages of non-invasive, convenience, has been attached great importance by people gradually. Changing foot progression angle may effect the knee adduction torque, tibia rotation, muscle activity, which leads to change the load of the knee joint, and alleviate the pain, improve the function of knee joint and the quality of life of the patients.
ABSTRACT
La evaluación del periodo expulsivo del trabajo de parto sigue siendo subjetiva. La ecografía intraparto por vía translabial es una herramienta de evaluación objetiva de la progresión de las diferentes etapas del parto. Objetivos: Determinar la utilidad de la ecografía intraparto por vía translabial en la determinación de la duración del periodo expulsivo del trabajo de parto. Diseño: Estudio de tipo observacional, prospectivo y de relación. Institución: Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes en periodo expulsivo del trabajo de parto. Intervenciones: Desde abril a julio del 2012, a 53 pacientes en periodo expulsivo y cuyo parto terminó por vía vaginal, se les realizó evaluación ecográfica translabial de la variedad de posición, dirección y ángulo de progresión del descenso cefálico, y se relacionó con la duración del periodo expulsivo. Se efectuó regresión lineal simple para asociar cuantitativamente el tiempo de duración del periodo expulsivo con el ángulo de progresión del descenso cefálico, y la prueba chi2 de independencia para asociar cualitativamente el tiempo, la dirección del descenso cefálico y la variedad de posición. Principales medidas de resultados: Relación de las modificaciones del ángulo de progresión del descenso cefálico y la duración del periodo expulsivo. Resultados: Se encontró relación estadística significativa (p<0,05) entre el ángulo de progresión del descenso cefálico y el tiempo de duración del periodo expulsivo. Según la regresión lineal simple, a mayor ángulo de progresión menor fue la duración del periodo expulsivo. Además, entre el tiempo y la dirección del descenso cefálico, hubo relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Finalmente, la relación entre el tiempo y la variedad de presentación fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La determinación de la variedad de posición, ángulo de progresión y dirección del descenso cefálico mediante ecografía translabial resultarían útiles para determinar la duración del periodo expulsivo.
Evaluation of the second stage of labor is still subjective. Translabial intrapartum ultrasound is an objective evaluation tool of progression of the various stages of childbirth. Objectives: To determine the usefulness of translabial intrapartum ultrasound study in determining duration of the second stage of labor. Design: Observational, prospective and relationship study. Setting: Honorio Delgado Regional Hospital, Arequipa, Peru. Participants: Women in the second stage of labor. Interventions: From April through July 2012 53 patients in second stage of labor and who delivered vaginally underwent translabial ultrasound assessment of variety of position, direction, and angle of progression of the cephalic descent and its relation with duration of the second stage. Main outcome measures: Relation of cephalic descent and duration of the second stage. Results: There was a significant statistical relation (P < 0.05) between progression of the cephalic descent angle and duration of the second stage. According to simple linear regression, a greater progression angle predicted less duration of the second stage of labor. There was also statistically significant relationship (P < 0.05) between duration and direction of the cephalic descent. Finally, the relationship between time and the variety of presentation was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Determination of the range of position, angle of progression and direction of the cephalic descent by using translabial ultrasound was useful to determine the duration of the second stage.