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1.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 50: 45-52, Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292328

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lawsonia intracellularis remains a problem for the swine industry worldwide. Previously, we designed and obtained a vaccine candidate against this pathogen based on the chimeric proteins: OMP1c, OMP2c, and INVASc. These proteins formed inclusion bodies when expressed in E. coli, which induced humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated pigs. Also, protection was demonstrated after the challenge. In this study, we established a production process to increase the yields of the three antigens as a vaccine candidate. RESULTS: Batch and fed-batch fermentations were evaluated in different culture conditions using a 2 L bioreactor. A fed-batch culture with a modified Terrific broth medium containing glucose instead of glycerol, and induced with 0.75 mM IPTG at 8 h of culture (11 g/L of biomass) raised the volumetric yield to 627.1 mg/L. Under these culture conditions, plasmid-bearing cells increased by 10% at the induction time. High efficiency in cell disruption was obtained at passage six using a high-pressure homogenizer and a bead mill. The total antigen recovery was 64% (400 mg/L), with a purity degree of 70%. The antigens retained their immunogenicity in pigs, inducing high antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that the antigen production process allowed an increment of more than 70-fold, this methodology constitutes a crucial step in the production of this vaccine candidate against L. intracellularis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine Diseases/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Lawsonia Bacteria/immunology , Desulfovibrionaceae Infections/prevention & control , Swine , Swine Diseases/prevention & control , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Synthetic , Cell Survival , Vaccination , Fermentation , Batch Cell Culture Techniques , Immunity
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(12): 970-976, Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1155033

ABSTRACT

Several pathogens and antibodies derived from serum or produced in tissues associated with the oral cavity are present in the oral fluid (OF). Considering the applicability of this alternative sample, recent studies in veterinary medicine have tested OF as a replacement for serum in diagnostic assays. The aim of this study was to standardize the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) to detect anti-Lawsonia intracellularis immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in OF samples from experimentally infected pigs. Sixty-two pigs were divided into two groups: control (T1, n=30) and inoculated with L. intracellularis (T2, n=32). Blood, OF and fecal samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi). Some adaptations of the standard technique for serum were made to IPMA for the detection of IgA and IgG in OF. The IPMA showed high specificity and sensitivity for serum samples and high specificity and moderate sensitivity for the detection of IgA and IgG in OF. There was high agreement between the results of serum IgG and OF IgA and IgG. Based on our results, oral fluid samples may be used for the evaluation and determination of anti-L. intracellularis antibodies in pigs, but not for individual diagnosis of swine proliferative enteropathy.(AU)


Vários patógenos e anticorpos derivados do soro ou produzidos em tecidos associados a cavidade oral estão presentes no fluido oral (FO). Considerando a aplicabilidade dessa amostra alternativa, estudos recentes em medicina veterinária têm testado o FO como substituto do soro para testes diagnósticos. O objetivo desse estudo foi padronizar a imunoperoxidase em monocamada de célula (IPMC) para a detecção de imunoglobulina A e imunoglobulina G anti-Lawsonia intracellularis em amostras de FO de suínos experimentalmente infectados. Um total de 62 suínos foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (T1, n=30) e inoculados com L. intracellularis (T2, n=32). Sangue, FO e amostras de fezes foram coletados aos 0, 7,14, 21, 28 e 42 dias após a inoculação (dpi). Algumas adaptações da técnica foram realizadas na técnica padrão da IPMC para a detecção de IgA e IgG. A IPMC demostrou alta especificidade e sensibilidade para amostras de soro e alta especificidade de moderada sensibilidade para a detecção de IgA e IgG em FO. Houve alta concordância entre resultados de detecção de IgG em soro com a IgA e IgG em amostras de FO. Baseado em nossos resultados, amostras de fluido oral podem ser usadas em avaliações e detecção de anticorpos anti-L. intracellularis em suínos, porém não de forma individual.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine/microbiology , Lawsonia Bacteria/immunology , Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Serology , Antibodies
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 39(3): 168-174, Mar. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1002797

ABSTRACT

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is one of the most common enteric diseases in growing and finishing pigs. PPE is characterized by reduced growth performance, accompanied or not by diarrhea. PPE is highly prevalent in several countries of the Americas, Europe and Asia, causing high economic losses in swine herds. The most common form of PPE control in pigs is antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new product based on tylosin injectable (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.) to control PPE in experimentally inoculated animals. Sixty 5-week-old pigs with mean weight of 9.5kg were divided into two experimental groups of 30 animals: medication and control. All pigs were challenged with Lawsonia intracellularis, the etiologic agent of PPE, on day zero. Fecal score, body condition score, and behavior were daily evaluated. Pigs were weighted on days -2, 13 and 21 of the experiment. Pigs in the Medication Group received tylosin injectable 13 days after inoculation, in three doses with a 12-hour interval between them. Pigs in the Control Group received injectable saline solution following the same protocol. In the Control Group, 23pigs presented with diarrhea before day 13. After day 13, the number of diarrheic animals in this group was reduced to 17. In the Medication Group, 26 pigs presented with diarrhea in the initial period, and in the period after medication, only 11 animals had diarrhea. The score of gross intestinal PPE lesions in the Medication Group was lower than that in the Control Group (p=0.031). The Medication Group also showed lower score for Lawsonia intracellularis antigen-labeling by immunohistochemistry compared with that of the Control Group (p=0.032), showing lower level of infection. These results demonstrate that tylosin injectable (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.), administrated in three doses (1mL/20kg) every 12 hours, was effective for the control of PPE in experimentally inoculated pigs.(AU)


Enteropatia proliferativa suína (EPS), causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, é uma das doenças entéricas mais comuns em suínos de recria e terminação. A EPS caracteriza-se por redução no desempenho dos animais, acompanhada ou não por diarreia. É uma doença altamente prevalente em diversos países da América, Europa e Ásia, provocando elevados prejuízos econômicos nos rebanhos suínos. A forma de controle da EPS mais adotada em rebanhos suínos é a antibioticoterapia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um novo produto à base de tilosina (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.) na forma injetável para controlar a EPS em animais experimentalmente inoculados. Foram utilizados 60 leitões, de cinco semanas de idade, com peso médio de 9,5kg, divididos em dois grupos experimentais (n=30), medicados e não medicados. Todos os leitões foram desafiados com Lawsonia intracellularis no dia zero. Avaliações clínicas de escore fecal, escore corporal e comportamento foram realizadas diariamente além da pesagem individual dos animais realizada nos dias -2, 13 e 21 do experimento. Os leitões do grupo medicado receberam tilosina injetável 13 dias após a inoculação em três doses com intervalo de 12 horas cada. Já os leitões do grupo não medicado receberam solução salina injetável com o mesmo protocolo. O grupo não medicado apresentou 23 animais com diarreia antes do dia 13 e 17 após este período. No grupo medicado, 26 animais apresentaram diarreia previamente à medicação e apenas 11 após a medicação a partir do dia 13. Os leitões medicados apresentaram extensão de lesão macroscópica, caracterizada por espessamento de mucosa intestinal, menor em comparação com o grupo não medicado (p=0,031). A imunomarcação para Lawsonia intracellularis foi menor no grupo medicado (p<0,032), mostrando redução no grau de infecção por L. intracellularis nos animais medicados. Estes resultados demonstram que a tilosina injetável (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.) (1mL/20kg) em três doses, a cada 12 horas, foi eficaz no tratamento da enteropatia proliferativa suína em animais experimentalmente inoculados.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Tylosin/therapeutic use , Lawsonia Bacteria/isolation & purification , Sus scrofa/microbiology , Desulfovibrionaceae Infections/veterinary , Intestinal Diseases/veterinary
4.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(9): 1619-1621, set. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-756434

ABSTRACT

Lawsonia intracellularisis an obligate intracellular bacterium that is responsible for proliferative enteropathy, an enteric disease endemic in swine and common in foals. However, few studies have investigated this disease in dogs, and there are no reports of dogs infected with L. intracellularisin Latin America. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fecal shedding of L. intracellularisin diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 58 dogs, 18 apparently healthy and 40 diarrheic, were examined in this study. DNA extracted from feces was analyzed using a nested PCR reaction to detect L. intracellularis.Three out of 40 (7.5%) diarrheic samples, all from 3-month-old puppies, were positive for L. intracellularis. These results highlight the need for additional studies to examine the role of this pathogen as a possible cause of enteric disease in dogs

.

Lawsonia intracellularisé uma bactéria intracelular obrigatória responsável pela enteropatia proliferativa, uma doença entérica endêmica em suínos e comum em potros. Em cães, no entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre essa doença e inexistem relatos de cães infectados por L. intracellularisna América Latina. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de L. intracellularisem amostras de fezes de cães diarréicos e aparentemente saudáveis em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram incluídos 58 cães, sendo 18 aparentemente saudáveis e 40 diarréicos. Submeteu-se o DNA bacteriano fecal a uma reação de PCR nested para L. intracellularis. Três das 40 (7,5%) amostras de cães diarréicos foram positivas para L. intracellularis, estando todos esses animais com aproximadamente 3 meses de idade. Estes resultados salientam a necessidade de mais estudos para confirmar o papel deste patógeno como uma possível causa de doença entérica em cães

.

5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 35(5): 443-447, May 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-759368

ABSTRACT

Lawsonia intracellularis infection on a horse farm in the Midwest region of Brazil is described. Thirty-nine foals a few days to months old from a herd with 300 horses, experienced diarrhea with variable characteristics and intensities, weight loss, hyperemic mucous membranes and dehydration. In foals 3 to 6 months of age, hypoproteinemia associated with submandibular edema were also common. Intestinal fragments of a 7-month-old foal were sent to an animal disease laboratory for diagnosis. The observed macroscopic lesions were hyperemic serosa, thickening of the intestinal wall with a corrugation, thickening of the mucosa folds and reduction of intestinal lumen. Histological analysis of the small and large intestine revealed enterocyte hyperplasia of the crypts associated with diffuse marked decrease in the number of goblet cells and positive L. intracellularis antigen labeling by immunohistochemistry. Three out of 11 animals of the same property were seropositive for L. intracellularis, demonstrating the circulation of the agent throughout the farm, but none were PCR positive in fecal samples. Based on clinical signs and pathological findings, the diagnosis of equine proliferative enteropathy was confirmed.


Descreve-se a infecção por Lawsonia intracellularisem uma propriedade na região Oeste do Brasil. Em um rebanho de 300 equinos, 39 potros com poucos dias de vida à 21 meses apresentaram diarreia de características e intensidades variáveis, com perda de peso e desidratação. Em potros com três a seis meses de idade, hipoproteinemia associada a edema submandibular também foram frequentes. Fragmentos intestinais de um potro de 7 meses foram enviados ao laboratório de patologia animal para diagnóstico. Na macroscopia foi observada hiperemia de serosa e moderado espessamento de parede intestinal. Na histologia do intestino delgado existia hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas difusa intensa com redução marcante de células caliciformes e marcação positiva na imuno-histoquímica para L. intracellularis. Na sorologia de 11 animais da mesma propriedade, três foram positivos. Já a PCR foi negativa para todos os animais. Com base nos sinais clínicos e nos achados patológicos confirmou-se o diagnóstico de enteropatia proliferativa equina, associada a sorologia positiva que demonstrava circulação do agente na propriedade.


Subject(s)
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Horses/microbiology , Intestinal Diseases/veterinary , Lawsonia Bacteria/pathogenicity , Dehydration/veterinary , Diarrhea/veterinary , Enterocytes/cytology , Hypoproteinemia/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Serology , Weight Loss
6.
Korean Journal of Veterinary Research ; : 61-63, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-121220

ABSTRACT

Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the most common enteric diseases in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies against L. intracellularis in the general swine population of Korea from 2005 to 2008. In total, 8,008 swine serum samples obtained from 1,001 herds were tested. The samples were analyzed with an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay to detect anti-L. intracellularis antibodies. The overall 4-year average true prevalence was 40.0% (CI: 39.4 - 40.6%) at the individual animal level and 71.9% (CI: 70.3-73.4%) at the herd level.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies , Korea , Lawsonia Bacteria , Marketing , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Swine
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 32(supl.1): 79-83, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-666072

ABSTRACT

This study reports on changes in the number of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SOM-LI) endocrine cells in the porcine descending colon, caused by chemically driven inflammation, axotomy and proliferative enteropathy (PE). The distribution pattern of SOM-LI endocrine cells has been studied using the routine single-labelling immunofluorescence technique. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the number of the SOM-immunostained endocrine cells within the mucosal layer of the porcine descending colon has been based on counting of all endocrine cells immunoreactive to SOM per unit area (0,1 mm²). Under physiological conditions the number of SOM-LI endocrine cells has been shown to constitute 3,30±0,22. All applied pathological processes resulted in changes in the SOM-like immunoreactivity, which varied in particular processes studied. The number of SOM-LI endocrine cells increased to 6,28±0,31 and 4,43±0,35 during chemically driven inflammation and proliferative enteropathy, respectively, and decreased to 1,17%±0,16 after axotomy. The obtained results suggest that SOM-LI endocrine cells may participate in various pathological states within porcine descending colon and their functions probably depend on the type of pathological factor.(AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Swine/abnormalities , Somatostatin , Endocrine Cells/pathology , Pathologic Processes , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Axotomy
8.
Ciênc. rural ; 40(6): 1378-1384, jun. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554631

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of orally administered leucomycin at 90 and 180ppm for the prevention of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) in experimentally infected pigs. A total of 90 commercial five-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to receive leucomycin in feeding at 90 (T2), 180ppm (T3), or untreated (T1). All animals in the treated groups received medicated feed for 14 days starting one day before inoculation. Each pig was inoculated intragastrically with approximately 4.5x10(9) Lawsonia intracellularis in the form of porcine intestinal mucosal homogenate. Body weight, feed consumption and clinic signs were evaluated throughout the study. Necropsies and gross evaluation of intestines were performed in all animals on day 23 post-inoculation (pi) or at death, and ileum samples were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for L. intracellularis. Clinical presentation of the disease was more evident in the non-medicated group (T1) than in the medicated ones (T2, T3) between days 16 and 21pi. Average daily gain, average daily feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency were better in groups treated with either dose of leucomycin. The total intestine lesion length per group (T1, T2 and T3) was 869, 473 and 331cm, respectively. The majority of the animals (84.4 percent) were positive for L. intracellularis antigen in ileum sections stained by IHC. Under the conditions of this study, leucomycin administered in feed at 90 and 180ppm for 14 days was effective in improving performance of pigs inoculated with intestinal homogenate containing L. intracellularis.


Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de testar a eficiência da leucomicina no controle da EPS. Para isso, utilizaram-se 90 leitões de cinco semanas de idade, provenientes de granja sem histórico clínico de EPS. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos (tratamentos) de 30, sendo T1 o grupo dos inoculados e não medicados, T2 e T3 os inoculados e medicados com 90ppm e 180ppm de leucomicina, respectivamente. No dia zero do experimento, os 90 suínos foram inoculados com aproximadamente 4,5x10(9) L. intracellularis. A medicação foi utilizada nas rações dos grupos T2 e T3 somente do dia anterior até 13 dias após a inoculação com L. intracellularis. Ganho de peso, consumo de ração e sinais clínicos foram avaliados durante todo o experimento. Todos os leitões foram eutanasiados 23 dias pós-inoculação (pi). Os sinais clínicos foram mais evidentes nos animais do grupo T1 que nos do T2 e do T3 entre os dias 16 e 21. Ganho de peso diário, consumo diário de ração e conversão alimentar foram melhores nos grupos medicados com leucomicina. A extensão total das lesões intestinais por grupo (T1, T2 e T3) foram de 869, 473 e 331cm, respectivamente. A maioria dos animais (84,4 por cento) teve marcação positiva para L. intracellularis à IHC nas seções de íleo. Leucomicina nas doses de 90 e 180ppm por 14 dias foi eficiente para a melhora do desempenho de leitões inoculados com homogeneizado intestinal contendo L. intracellularis.

9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 28(10): 447-451, Oct. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-506687

ABSTRACT

An outbreak of Lawsonia intracellularis infection in rabbits, which occurred in 1988 in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, is reported. The disease had an acute course (24-48 hours) with clinical signs characterized by brownish or green diarrhea and dehydration. Occasionally, the animals died one day after the onset of diarrhea, without showing any other clinical signs. At necropsy, the ileum was prominent, firm and had a thickened wall; it was dilated in the caudal direction and had a somewhat reticulated appearance, perceptible through the serosa. The thickened mucous membrane had finely corrugated aspect and a shiny surface. The ileocecal valve and surrounding areas were slightly edematous and irregular. The Peyer's patches were sometimes more evident. There was moderate enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. The histological examination revealed different degrees of hyperplasia of the epithelial cells of intestinal crypts consisting of poorly differentiated, hyperchromatic cells with high mitotic index, arranged in a pseudostratified layer which, in some cases, reached the apical portions of the villi. The inflammatory infiltrate between the hyperplastic epithelial cells was composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, some eosinophils and globular leukocytes. Silver impregnation revealed large numbers of bacteria with morphology of the genus Lawsonia in the apical pole of cryptal enterocytes. These bacteria reacted positively to a Lawsonia intracellularis polyclonal antibody by the avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry method.


Descreve-se um surto de infecção por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos em Mendes, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A doença manifestou-se, de forma aguda (24-48 horas), com sintomatologia caracterizada por diarréia marrom ou esverdeada, e desidratação. Ocasionalmente, os animais morriam um dia após o início da diarréia, sem apresentar outros sintomas. À necropsia verificou-se íleo proeminente, firme, com parede muito espessada, progressivamente dilatado no sentido caudal e com aspecto algo reticulado perceptível através da serosa. A mucosa espessada tinha aspecto finamente corrugado e superfície brilhante. A válvula íleo-cecal e imediações do ceco encontravam-se um pouco edemaciadas e irregulares. Por vezes, as placas de Peyer estavam maisevidentes. Observou-se também moderado aumento de volume dos linfonodos mesentéricos. O exame histológico revelou diferentes graus de hiperplasia das células epiteliais das criptas intestinais (células pouco diferenciadas, hipercromáticas, arranjadas de forma pseudo-estratificada e com alto índice mitótico) que, em parte dos casos, atingia a porção apical das vilosidades. A infiltração inflamatória, entre as células epiteliais hiperplásicas, era composta por linfócitos, plasmócitos, macrófagos, alguns eosinófilos e leucócitos globulóides. A impregnação por prata revelou grande número de bactérias com morfologia compatível com às do gênero Lawsonia no pólo apical dos enterócitos das criptas. Essas bactérias reagiram positivamente ao anticorpo policlonal para Lawsonia intracellularis pelo método imunohistoquímico de avidina biotina.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Plasma Cells , Immunohistochemistry , Enterocytes , Lawsonia Bacteria , Diarrhea , Infections
10.
Ciênc. rural ; 38(3): 889-897, maio-jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-480213

ABSTRACT

Enteropatia proliferativa (EP), causada pela Lawsonia intracellularis, tem sido descrita em eqüinos jovens. A maioria dos relatos de EP em eqüinos é proveniente da América do Norte. Não existe ainda relato desta enfermidade em eqüinos na América Latina, apesar de a distribuição mundial da enfermidade em suínos. Portanto, é bastante provável que a EP esteja sendo negligenciada no diagnóstico de diarréias em potros desmamados. Esta revisão enfoca aspectos gerais sobre a infecção, abrangendo desde a etiologia, a epidemiologia, a patogenia, os sinais clínicos, as lesões anátomo e histopatológicas, o diagnóstico e o tratamento, alertando sobre a potencial importância de L. intracellularis como possível agente causal de diarréia em potros desmamados.


Proliferative enteropathy (PE), which is caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, has been recently described in young horses. The majority of horse PE cases have been reported in North America. Despite the fact that PE in swine has a worldwide distribution, there has not been any report of this disease in horse in Latin America yet. Therefore, it is very likely that L. intracellularis has been neglected on diagnosis of diarrhea in weanling foals. This review highlights general aspects about the infection, including etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, gross and histological lesions, diagnosis and treatment, and warns about the potential importance of L. intracellularis as possible causative agent of diarrhea in weanling foals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases/veterinary , Lawsonia Bacteria
11.
Ciênc. rural ; 38(1): 288-296, jan.-fev. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470031

ABSTRACT

A enteropatia proliferativa suína (EPS), causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, causa perdas econômicas importantes mundialmente, devido à diarréia e baixa taxa de crescimento de suínos na recria (forma crônica) e à morte súbita de animais de terminação e reposição (forma aguda). Programas de controle têm sido focalizados na medicação com antibióticos na ração. Essencialmente, a eficiência de um antimicrobiano pode ser testada in vitro ou in vivo. Testes in vivo podem ser desenvolvidos utilizando-se animais natural ou experimentalmente infectados. No caso de infecção experimental, o inóculo pode ser preparado com culturas puras de L. intracellularis ou com homogenado de mucosa intestinal de leitões enfermos. O uso de antimicrobianos tem-se mostrado eficiente em reduzir os sinais clínicos da EPS, resultando em melhor performance dos animais tratados em relação aos não-medicados e na redução da eliminação fecal da bactéria e da extensão e severidade das lesões macroscópicas. A maioria dos fármacos eficientes que são discutidas no texto são dos grupos dos macrolídeos, das tetraciclinas, lincosamidas e pleuromutilinas. Todos esses fármacos agem bloqueando a síntese protéica de bactérias.


Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, causes serious economic losses worldwide due to diarrhea and poor growth rate medication in young growing pigs (chronic disease form) and sudden death in finisher and replacement pigs (acute hemorrhagic form). Typical control programs have focused on antibiotics. Essentially, the effectiveness of an antimicrobial can be tested in vitro or in vivo. In vivo test can be developed with natural or experimentally infected pigs. In tests that the animals are experimentally challenged, the inoculation is done with pure culture of L. intracellularis or intestinal mucosal homogenate of pig with PPE. Antimicrobial use have been shown to be effective in reducing the clinical signs of PPE and to result in better performance in treated pigs than in untreated animals. In addition, it decreases fecal shedding and the severity of gross lesions. The most efficient antimicrobial groups of drugs discussed in this manuscript are macrolides, tetracyclines, lincosamides and pleuromutilins. All of them act by blocking bacterial protein synthesis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine Diseases/drug therapy , Intestinal Diseases , Swine
12.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 357-359, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-96780

ABSTRACT

Proliferative enteropathy was reproduced in IFN-gamma receptor knockout (IFN-gamma R-) mice by experimental infection with Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis). The cecum and the colon of the infected mice were evidently enlarged 2 weeks post infection. The presence of L. intracellularis was identified in the stool and the cecum of the mice after infection. However, high levels of IFN-gamma were detected in the sera of the infected mice 2 weeks PI. These data indicated that the IFN-gamma produced in the infected mice should have been utilized by it's receptor to elicit protective immune responses against L. intracellularis infections.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , DNA, Viral , Desulfovibrionaceae Infections/immunology , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Intestinal Diseases/immunology , Intestinal Mucosa/immunology , Lawsonia Bacteria/immunology , Mice, Knockout , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Interferon/physiology
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