ABSTRACT
Introducción: Autoestima puede ser definida como el desarrollo de la convicción de que uno es competente para vivir y merece la felicidad, es por tanto capaz de enfrentar la vida con confianza, benevolencia y optimismo lo cual ayuda a alcanzar las metas. Materiales y método: Fue un estudio observacional descriptivo con corte transverso con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos que se realizó de mayo a junio del 2016 a estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Se incluyó a todos los estudiantes que aceptaron participar voluntariamente. Resultados: Se incluyó a 75 sujetos. 60% fue del sexo femenino con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 28 años y una media de 22±2 años. El 48% presenta autoestima elevada, el 18,7% autoestima baja y el 33,3% autoestima baja. Discusión: La prevalencia de autoestima baja en nuestro estudio fue mayor a la encontrada en una población similar donde el 24,5% mostraba puntajes acordes a baja autoestima en contraste con el 33,3% de nuestro estudio. Estos resultados pueden ser explicados por las altas prevalencias de ansiedad, depresión, estresores psicosociales y estrés académico propios de esta población.
Introduction: Self-esteem can be defined as the development of the conviction that one is competent to live and deserves happiness, it is therefore able to face life with confidence, benevolence and optimism which helps to achieve the goals. Methods: It was a descriptive study with transverse cutting non-probability sampling of consecutive cases was conducted from May to June 2016 to medical students at the National University of Asuncion. All students who agreed to participate were included voluntarily. Results: We included 75 subjects. 60% were female with aged between 18 and 28 years and a mean of 22 ± 2 years. 48% have high self-esteem, 18.7% low self-esteem and 33.3% low self-esteem. Discussion: The prevalence of low self-esteem in our study was higher than that found in a similar population where 24.5% had low self-esteem scores chords in contrast to 33.3% of our study. These results can be explained by the high prevalence of anxiety, depression, psychosocial stressors and academic stress of this population.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e verificar as evidências iniciais de validade e a consistência interna de uma Escala de Avaliação de Estressores Psicossociais no Contexto Laboral. Participaram do primeiro estudo 630 trabalhadores (mulheres = 51,5%, média de idade = 32,77; DP = 10,33) e, do segundo, 305 trabalhadores (mulheres = 44,3%; média de idade = 34,62; DP = 12,36). As análises fatoriais exploratórias indicaram uma estrutura fatorial latente de sete fatores, com índices de consistência interna aceitáveis. Tal estrutura foi replicada na análise fatorial confirmatória. As correlações dos fatores com os afetos negativos dirigidos ao trabalho e a satisfação no trabalho foram, em geral, nas direções esperadas. Concluiu-se que a escala apresentou evidências iniciais de validade e consistência interna, o que recomenda seu uso futuro para fins de diagnóstico e pesquisa. (AU)
The present study reports the development and psychometric parameters of the Evaluation of Psychosocial Stressors in the Labour Context Scale. Exploratory factor analysis conducted in Study 1 with data from 630 employees (females = 51.5%; mean age = 32.77; SD = 10.33) suggested a seven-factor structure for the 35 items, with good internal consistency indicators for all subscales. The seven-factor structure was supported with confirmatory factor analysis in another sample of 305 employees (44.3% females, mean age = 43.62; SD = 12.36) in Study 2. The correlations between the seven factors and both negative affects towards work and job satisfaction were overall consistent with predictions. This study provides initial evidence of validity and internal consistency for the new scale. The study concludes by recommending further psychometric tests of the scale as well as its future use for diagnosis and research. (AU)