Experiências em divulgação científica e sensibilização da população: importância do controle mecânico do vetor Aedes aegypti / Experiences in scientific outreach and public awareness: the importance of mechanical control of the Aedes aegypti vector / Experiencias en divulgación científica y sensibilización de la población: importancia del control mecánico del vector Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti é o principal vetor dos agentes etiológicos de dengue, zika e chikungunya, doenças para as quais não existem vacinas totalmente eficazes. Alternativas de controle visando mitigar essas arboviroses são primordiais. Entre essas, o controle mecânico aborda práticas de eliminação e/ou limpeza de criadouros do vetor. Neste relato, apresentamos e avaliamos criticamente ações realizadas pelo grupo, ocorridas entre 2016 e 2019, nas quais divulgamos informação científica clara através do diálogo com a população. Os métodos utilizados foram: 1) palestras em escolas (público infantojuvenil) utilizando slides, fotos e vídeos; 2) oficinas (público misto), estande com material in vivo do ciclo de vida do Aedes, jogos e desenhos. Analisamos dez palestras em escolas do ensino fundamental e médio e vinte oficinas realizadas em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Concluímos que tais ações e suas análises críticas devem ser realizadas continuamente para que sejam bem-sucedidas

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, zika, and chikungunya etiological agents, diseases for which no effective vaccines are available. Control alternatives aimed at mitigating these arboviruses are essential. Among such, mechanical control addresses practices of elimination and/or cleaning of vector breeding sites. Here, we presented and critically evaluated actions carried out by ourselves. These actions took place between 2016 and 2019, where we disseminated clear scientific information through dialogue with the population. The following methods were employed: 1) lectures in schools (children and youth audiences) using slides, photos, and videos; 2) workshops (mixed audience), stand with in vivo material from the Aedeslife cycle, games, and drawings. Ten lectures in elementary and high schools and twenty workshops held in different regions of Brazil were analyzed. It was concluded that such actions and their critical analyzes must be carried out continuously to be successful

Aedes aegypti es el principal vector de los agentes etiológicos del dengue, zika y chikungunya, enfermedades para las que no existen vacunas totalmente eficaces. Las alternativas de control para mitigar estas arbovirosis son fundamentales. El control mecánico, representa una de estas alternativas, aborda prácticas de eliminación y/o limpieza de criaderos del vector. En este informe presentamos y evaluamos de manera crítica las acciones realizadas por el grupo entre los años 2016 y 2019. Presentamos información científica clara a través del diálogo con la población mediante los siguientes métodos: 1) conferencias en escuelas (público infantil) utilizando diapositivas, fotos y videos; 2) Talleres (público mixto), stand con material in vivo del ciclo de vida del Aedes, juegos y dibujos. Analizamos diez conferencias en escuelas (primarias y secundarias) y veinte talleres realizados en diferentes regiones de Brasil. Concluimos que tales acciones y el análisis crítico de las mismas deben llevarse a cabo de manera continua para que resulten exitosas.

Proceso de co-creación de una cartilla tipo cómic para conocer problemas sentidos por niños(as) campesinos / Process of co-creation of a comic type primer to know problems felt by peasant children

RESUMEN Introducción: El texto deriva del proyecto de extensión solidaria Participación Comunitaria y calidad de vida: un ejercicio de empoderamiento en una población campesina de la Inspección de La Virgen, en Quipile, Colombia. Su objetivo: describir el proceso de co-creación de una cartilla infantil tipo cómic entre niños de ambos sexos de la Inspección de La Virgen (Quipile, Cundinamarca) y el equipo de trabajo de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Métodos: Se utilizó el diseño participativo para identificar los problemas desde la mirada de los niños. Los participantes pertenecían a la Inspección de La Virgen y a las veredas Galilea, San Nicolás, San Isidro y Estambul. Resultados: Los dibujos hechos por los niños/as inspiraron los títeres de los superhéroes de la obra. Las representaciones en la cartilla simbolizaron los problemas: Contaminación en la quebrada, Discusiones, La contaminación del aire, Las peleas familiares; títulos de las historias de la cartilla Las grandes aventuras de Tony y la Súper Ardilla en La Virgen. Discusión: El uso de la cartilla, en conjunto con los títeres, ayuda a reflexionar con los niños sobre sus realidades. La experiencia puede contextualizarse a comunidades campesinas con características similares. La cartilla constituye una herramienta útil en el proceso de formación de la concientización de problemas sociales en la población infantil.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The text derives from the project of united extension Community participation and quality of life: an empowerment exercise in a rural population of the Inspección de La Virgen, in Quipile, Colombia. Its objective: to value the results of the process of co-creation of an infantile comic type primer prepared by children on their main problems and their possible solutions. Methods: it was used a participative design to identify the problems from the children´s point of view. The participants belonged to the Inspección de La Virgen and to the paths Galilee, San Nicolás, San Isidro and Istanbul. Results: The drawings inspired the marionettes of the superheroes of the work. The representations symbolized the problems Contamination in the gorge, Discussions, The contamination of the air, The familiar fights; titles of the stories of the primer Tony's big adventures and the Super Squirrel in The Virgin. Discussion: The use of the primer, as a whole with the marionettes, helps to reflect with the children on their realities. The experience can contextualize to rural communities with similar characteristics. The primer constitutes a useful tool in the process of formation of the campaign to raise public awareness of social problems in the infantile population.

Doação de órgãos e tecidos em hospital público de Pernambuco / Organ and tissue donation in a public hospital of Pernambuco / Donación de órganos y tejidos realizados en un hospital público de Pernambuco

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar levantamento sobre a frequência das doações de órgãos ou tecidos no Hospital Regional do Agreste, Caruaru/PE. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com base nos dados de 439 prontuários que registraram as doações realizadas no hospital entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2014. As doações oscilaram no período considerado e diminuíram no último ano da série, ficando sempre muito abaixo do número de potenciais doadores. Além disso, a doação de tecido foi muito superior à de órgãos. Os resultados demonstram que é imprescindível criar medidas públicas permanentes para conscientizar a população sobre a importância do tema. Aprovação CEP-Unifavip CAAE 42440515.3.0000.5666

Abstract The goal of this study was to carry out a survey of the frequency of organ or tissue donation in Hospital Regional do Agreste, Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil. This is a descriptive, retrospective study, based on data from 439 medical records which documented donations made in the hospital between January 2011 and December 2014. Donations varied over the period in question and decreased in the last year of the series, remaining always well below the number of potential donors. In addition, tissue donation was far superior to organ donation. The results show that it is essential to create permanent public measures to raise awareness of the importance of this subject among the population. Approval CEP-Unifavip CAAE 42440515.3.0000.5666

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una recolección de datos sobre la frecuencia de las donaciones de órganos o tejidos en el Hospital Regional do Agreste, Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. Este es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en datos de 439 registros médicos que registraron las donaciones realizadas en el hospital entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2014. Las donaciones oscilaron en el período considerado y disminuyeron en el último año de la serie, siempre manteniéndose muy por debajo del número de donantes potenciales. Además, la donación de tejidos fue muy superior a la donación de órganos. Los resultados demuestran que es imprescindible crear medidas públicas permanentes para concienciar a la población sobre la importancia del tema. Aprobación CEP-Unifavip CAAE 42440515.3.0000.5666

The influence of patient’s knowledge about stroke in Brazil: a cross sectional study / A influência do conhecimento do paciente sobre o AVC no Brasil: um estudo transversal

Little is known about stroke patients’ awareness about the warning signs of stroke and its therapeutic time window in Brazil. Method We interviewed consecutive patients with acute stroke admitted to a terciary public hospital in Brazil. Data collected included demographics, mode of arrival, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and knowledge of stroke warning signs and therapeutic time window. Early arrival was defined as within 4.5 hours of symptoms onset. Results Although 66.2% of patients knew the warning signs of stroke, only 7.8% reported to know that stroke had a limited therapeutic time window. Stroke severity measured by the NIHSS was independently associated with early arrival, but not knowledge of stroke signs and symptoms. Conclusion Knowledge about stroke symptoms was not a predictor of early arrival. .

Pouco se sabe sobre o conhecimento dos pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) acerca dos sinais de alarme da doença e sua janela terapêutica no Brasil. Método Foram entrevistados consecutivamente os pacientes com AVC agudo internados em um hospital público terciário no Brasil. Os dados coletados incluíram dados demográficos, o modo de chegada, escala de AVC do National Institute of Health (NIH) e conhecimento sobre a janela de tempo terapêutica e os sinais de alerta do AVC através de um questionário padronizado. Chegada precoce foi definida como aquela dentro de 4,5 horas do início dos sintomas. Resultados Embora 66,2% dos pacientes sabiam os sinais de alerta do AVC , apenas 7,8% relataram saber que a doença tinha uma janela de tempo terapêutica limitada. A gravidade do AVC avaliada pela escala do NIH foi preditora de chegada precoce, mas conhecimento acerca dos sinais e sintomas do AVC não foram. Conclusão O conhecimento acerca dos sintomas do AVC não foi preditivo de chegada precoce ao hospital. .

A percepção de docentes de cursos de graduação da área da saúde acerca dos resíduos de serviços de saúde / Percepciones de profesores de cursos universitarios de atención de la salud sobre residuos de los servicios de salud / Perceptions of teachers of undergraduate courses of healthcare about waste of health services

Os resíduos de serviços de saúde têm merecido destaque nas discussões por representarem importante problema ambiental na contemporaneidade. Assim, ao considerar que a visão dos profissionais de saúde precisa ser ampla e contextualizada, no que diz respeito à problemática de tais resíduos, o presente estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção de docentes de cursos de graduação da área da saúde acerca dos resíduos de serviços de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com docentes de cursos da área da saúde de duas instituições de ensino superior do Rio Grande do Sul, coletados por meio do grupo focal. Com base nos dados organizados e analisados resultaram as seguintes categorias: manejo dos resíduos de serviço de saúde; resistência para o novo; racionalidade consumista; banalização dos resíduos; e formação inicial e continuada. Os docentes percebem questões relacionadas ao manejo dos resíduos como a segregação, a legislação vigente e o plano de gerenciamento dos resíduos. Ainda percebem que, muitas vezes, as pessoas que manipulam os resíduos dos serviços de saúde não se preocupam com a produção, destinam inadequadamente ou simplesmente aceitam a mera informação de que precisam separar adequadamente tais resíduos, se despolitizando enquanto cidadãos consumidores. Conclui-se que é premente a concretude da politização de consumidor a cidadão no campo dos resíduos de serviços de saúde. É importante promover momentos de práticas reflexivas acerca das questões que envolvem a problemática dos resíduos no processo educativo e, assim, potencializar a cultura da percepção ampliada acerca dos resíduos.

Waste of health services have been highlighted in the discussions because they represent an important environmental problem nowadays. Thus, considering that the vision of health professionals needs to be broad and contextualized regarding the issue of such waste, the present study investigated the perception of teachers of undergraduate healthcare about waste health services. This is a qualitative research conducted with teachers of courses in the health area in two higher education institutions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, collected through focus group. Based on data organized and analyzed, the following categories emerged: waste management of health services; resistance to the new; consumerist rationality; trivialization of waste; and initial and continuing training. Teachers perceive issues related to waste management such as segregation, current legislation, and waste management plan. They also realize that people who handle the waste of health services often do not care with the production, put garbage out in an improper manner or simply accept the mere information that waste need to be adequately disposed, depoliticizing themselves as consumers. We conclude that there is an urgent consumer politicization need in the field of waste of health services. It is important to promote moments of reflective practices in issues surrounding the problem of waste in the educational process and thus enhancing the culture of expanded awareness about waste.

Residuos de servicios de salud se han destacado en los debates, ya que representan importante problema ambiental en la actualidad. Por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta que la visión de profesionales de la salud tiene que ser amplia y contextualizada en relación con el problema de este tipo de residuos, el presente estudio investigó la percepción de los profesores de la asistencia sanitaria de pregrado sobre los servicios de salud de residuos. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa llevada a cabo con los profesores de los cursos en el área de la salud en dos instituciones de Educación Superior de Rio Grande do Sul, recopilada a través de grupos de enfoque. En base a los datos organizados y analizados, resultaron las siguientes categorías: gestión de residuos de servicio de salud; resistencia a lo nuevo; racionalidad consumista; banalización de los residuos y la formación inicial y continua. Los maestros perciben las cuestiones relacionadas con la gestión de residuos como la segregación, la legislación vigente y el plan de gestión de residuos. También darse cuenta de que a menudo las personas que manipulan los residuos de servicios de salud, no se molestan con la producción, desechan incorrectamente o simplemente aceptan la mera información de que necesitan separar debidamente este tipo de residuos, si despolitizando como ciudadanos consumidores. Llegamos a la conclusión de que es urgente la concreción de la politización de consumidor a ciudadano en el ámbito de los residuos de los servicios de salud. Es importante promover momentos de prácticas de reflexión sobre las cuestiones relacionadas con el problema de los residuos en el proceso educativo y por lo tanto mejorar la cultura de la conciencia expandida sobre residuos.

The importance of waste from healthcare services for teachers, students and graduates of the healthcare sector / Residuos de servicios de salud: comprensiones profesores, estudiantes y graduados en salud / A importância dos resíduos de serviços de saúde para docentes, discentes e egressos da área da saúde

This study aimed to explore the perception healthcare sector teachers, students and graduates from two institutions of higher learning in Rio Grande do Sul, on the generation of waste from healthcare services. It used a qualitative research approach, performed with 13 teachers, 18 students and 12 healthcare professionals, who were collected through a focus group. The main results showed there is a perception toward the importance of proper segregation and disposal of Healthcare Service Waste, also there is a lack of concern for the reduction of these wastes. Therefore, the issue requires a broader understanding of the environment, with a view of planetary sustainability, exposing needs to provide the healthcare professionals with knowledge and awareness of the importance of handling these types of waste.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la percepción de los docentes, estudiantes y egresados de la salud de las dos instituciones de educación superior en Rio Grande do Sul acerca de la generación de residuos procedentes de los servicios de salud. Investigación cualitativa con 13 profesores, 18 estudiantes y 12 graduados cursos en el área de la salud, recogidos a través de grupos de enfoque. Los principales resultados mostraron que existe una percepción de la importancia de una adecuada separación y eliminación de residuos de servicios de salud y falta de interés por reducción de la producción de estos residuos. Por lo tanto, la cuestión requiere un conocimiento más amplio sobre las cuestiones ambientales con miras a la sostenibilidad del planeta, revelando necesario formar a profesionales de la salud calificados con conocimiento y conciencia de la importancia del manejo de estos residuos.

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção dos docentes, discentes e egressos da área da saúde de duas instituições de ensino superior do Rio Grande do Sul acerca da geração dos resíduos de serviços de saúde. Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 13 docentes, 18 discentes e 12 egressos de cursos da área da saúde, coletados por meio do grupo focal. Os principais resultados evidenciaram que há uma percepção voltada para a importância da segregação e destino final dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde e a ausência de preocupação para redução na produção desses resíduos. A temática requer, portanto, uma compreensão ampliada acerca das questões ambientais com vistas à sustentabilidade planetária, revelando-se necessária a formação de profissionais de saúde qualificados e sensibilizados para a importância do manejo adequado destes resíduos.

Patients' knowledge and awareness of dental implants in a Turkish subpopulation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients' knowledge on dental implants in a Turkish subpopulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred twenty seven Turkish adults referred to Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey, were presented with a questionnaire including 20 questions regarding the level of information and awareness about the dental implants. The data were collected and statistical analyses were performed with Chi square test to compare the descriptive data. RESULTS: Among 527 subjects, 54% were female and 46% were male with a mean age of 42.2 years. The rate of patients' implant awareness was 27.7%. When the patients were questioned about the treatment options for rehabilitation of tooth missing, 60.9% of patients were informed about fixed partial denture, followed by conventional complete denture (32.5%) and removable partial denture (24.9%). Six percent reported that they were very well informed about the dental implants whereas 48.2% were poorly informed. The information sources of the implants were from the dentist (44.5%), printed media (31.6%) and friends and acquaintances (17.3%), respectively. Sixteen percent of the population believed that their implants would last forever. CONCLUSION: The dentists should give more detailed information to the patients about dental implants and tooth-supported fixed partial dentures in the future.

Print Media Coverage of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Content Analysis of Three Major Korean Newspapers

The print media is still one of major sources for health-related information. To shed light on how the media accurately delivers information for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we searched the newspaper articles and analyzed their contents for accuracy in the description of symptoms, causes, and treatment of PTSD. The articles featuring PSTD were searched from the very first available to 2010 at on-line search systems of three major Korean newspapers. A total of 123 articles appeared and the first article appeared in 1984. The number of articles steadily increased till the early 2000s but we found the robust increase in the late 2000s. Among the mentioned symptoms of PTSD: re-experience (39%) was most common, followed by avoidance or numbing (28%) and hyperarousal (22%). Of the 29 articles mentioning treatment of PTSD, 13 mentioned psychotherapy only and 11 mentioned both psychotherapy and medication equally. However, the psychotherapies mentioned were non-specific and only five articles mentioned any empirically supported therapies. The number of articles on PTSD in Korean newspapers has continually increased during the last three decades. However, the quality of information on the treatment of PTSD was questionable.

Stroke Statistics in Korea: Part II Stroke Awareness and Acute Stroke Care, A Report from the Korean Stroke Society and Clinical Research Center For Stroke / 대한뇌졸중학회지

The aim of the current Part II of Stroke Statistics in Korea is to summarize nationally representative data on public awareness, pre-hospital delay, thrombolysis, and quality of acute stroke care in a single document. The public's knowledge of stroke definition, risk factors, warning signs, and act on stroke generally remains low. According to studies using open-ended questions, the correct definition of stroke was recognized in less than 50%, hypertension as a stroke risk factor in less than 50%, and other well-defined risk factors in less than 20%. Among stroke warning signs, sudden paresis or numbness was best appreciated, with recognition rates ranging in 36.9-73.7%, but other warning signs including speech disturbance were underappreciated. In addition, less than one third of subjects in a representative population survey were aware of thrombolysis and had knowledge of the appropriate act on stroke, calling emergency medical services (EMS). Despite EMS being an essential element in the stroke chain of survival and outcome improvement, EMS protocols for field stroke diagnosis and prehospital notification for potential stroke patients are not well established. According to the Assessment for Quality of Acute Stroke Care, the median onset-to-door time for patients arriving at the emergency room was 4 hours (mean, 17.3 hours) in 2010, which was not reduced compared to 2005. In contrast, the median door-to-needle time for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-TPA) treatment was 55.5 minutes (mean, 79.5 minutes) in 2010, shorter than the median time of 60.0 minutes (mean, 102.8 minutes) in 2008. Of patients with acute ischemic stroke, 7.9% were treated with IV-TPA in 2010, an increase from the 4.6% in 2005. Particularly, IV-TPA use for eligible patients substantially increased, from 21.7% in 2005 to 74.0% in 2010. The proportion of hospitals equipped with a stroke unit has increased from 1.1% in 2005 to 19.4% in 2010. Performance, as measured by quality indicators, has steadily improved since 2005, and the performance rates for most indicators were greater than 90% in 2010 except for early rehabilitation consideration (89.4%) and IV-TPA use for eligible patients (74.0%). In summary, the current report indicates a substantial improvement in in-hospital acute stroke care, but also emphasizes the need for enhancing public awareness and integrating the prehospital EMS system into acute stroke management. This report would be a valuable resource for understanding the current status and implementing initiatives to further improve public awareness of stroke and acute stroke care in Korea.

Public Awareness toward Folk Medicine for Epilepsy Treatment in Rural Areas / 대한간질학회지

BACKGROUND: Negative public attitude toward epilepsy is a common phenomenon all over the world and one of the major factors causing social discrimination against people with epilepsy. In general, those with epilepsy have considerable limitations in their interaction with and adaptation to their surroundings, and some of them find social attitudes more devastating than the disorder itself. METHODS: In order to indicate folk medicines known as an epilepsy treatment among Korean rural residents and to deduce the background of the negative attitudes from analysis of the estimated effect of the folk medicine, a survey was conducted in a Korean rural area. RESULTS: Of 713 persons contacted in the survey, 22% of respondents replied that they knew at least one folk medicine as an epilepsy treatment. About 55% of the folk medicines were superstitious or incantational one such as eating the organs of animals or humans, or soup boiled with the branches of a tree struck by lightening, or with a rope used in a suicidal hanging. From the results, we can deduce the fact that the understanding of epilepsy by the Korean respondents base on the supernatural or superstitious thinking that seem to be attributed to our own unique culture. CONCLUSION: In order to ameliorate prejudices against epilepsy and allow epileptic persons to interact with and adapt to their surrounding properly, not only continuous and repetitive educational efforts but also the sympathy of professional and lay societies regarding epilepsy would be needed.