Asociación entre el diagnóstico de carcinoma mamario y la actividad de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica / Association between the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and serum lactoperoxidase enzyme activity

Fundamento: La enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato es una proteína producida por células epiteliales en los acinos mamarios. Los carcinomas de la mama constituyen un tipo de cáncer que se origina por la transformación maligna de las células acinares de la mama y se caracterizan por el crecimiento y multiplicación descontrolado. Por tanto, podría existir una correlación entre el cáncer de mama y el aumento de la actividad sérica de la lactoperoxidasa. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el diagnóstico de carcinoma mamario y la actividad aumentada de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica en muestras de pacientes que han sido atendidos en el Hospital Oncológico María Curie de Camagüey en el periodo de abril a agosto del 2022. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio correlacional en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de Camagüey, en el período de abril a agosto del 2022. Se empleó la citología por aspiración con aguja fina para el diagnóstico histopatológico del carcinoma mamario y se determinó la actividad de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica mediante el método del pirogalol salicilato. Se emplearon las pruebas t de student y chi-cuadrado para el análisis estadístico de los datos. Resultados: El carcinoma ductal infiltrante fue el subtipo de cáncer más frecuente con un 94,1 por ciento del total de las muestras. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de muestras analizadas p ( 0.000. De un total de 34 muestras positivas, 32 presentaron aumento de la actividad enzimática. Conclusiones: Hubo asociación entre el diagnóstico de carcinoma mamario y niveles aumentados de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica(AU)

Background: The enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate is a protein produced by epithelial cells in the mammary acini. Breast carcinomas are a type of cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of the acinar cells of the breast and are characterized by uncontrolled growth and multiplication. Therefore, there could be a correlation between breast cancer and increased serum lactoperoxidase activity. Objective: To determine the association between the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and the increased activity of the serum lactoperoxidase enzyme in samples of patients who have been treated at the Maria Curie Oncology Hospital in Camagüey from April to August 2022. Methods: A correlational study was developed at the Center for Immunology and Biological Products of Camagüey, from April to August 2022. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was used for the histopathological diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and the activity of serum lactoperoxidase enzyme by the pyrogallol salicylate method. Student's t and chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most frequent subtype of cancer with 94,1 percent of the total samples. Significant differences were found between the groups of samples analyzed p ( 0,000. Of a total of 34 positive samples, 32 showed increased enzyme activity. Conclusions: There was an association between the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and increased levels of the serum lactoperoxidase enzyme(AU)

Utilidad del método pirogalol salicilato en la identificación de lactoperoxidasa tiocianato salival / Usefulness of the pyrogallol salicylate method in identifying the salivary lactoperoxidase thiocyanate

RESUMEN Introducción: La enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato se produce por células epiteliales de las glándulas salivales y desempeña funciones defensivas contra microorganismos patógenos de la cavidad oral, por tanto, identificar su presencia por métodos cualitativos podría ser de utilidad para investigar una de las causas de infecciones orales recurrentes como la periodontitis, gingivitis y caries dental, donde se ha reportado una relación con los niveles bajos de esta enzima en diferentes estudios. Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad del método pirogalol salicilato en la identificación de la enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato salival. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio piloto, descriptivo, observacional y transversal, en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de la provincia Camagüey, en el período de junio a octubre de 2020 mediante el empleo del método del pirogalol salicilato para identificar la presencia de la enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato en saliva humana. Se utilizaron 14 muestras de saliva que se analizaron después de la transformación enzimática del sustrato a 405 nm. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato se encontró en todas las muestras salivales estudiadas. La absorbancia de las muestras se halló entre 0,406 y 0,939 unidades. Conclusiones: El método del pirogalol salicilato resulta útil en la identificación de la enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato salival lo cual puede ser favorable en el estudio de infecciones bucales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate is produced by epithelial cells of the salivary glands and performs defensive functions against pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, therefore, identifying its presence by qualitative methods could be useful when investigating the causes of recurrent oral infections such as periodontitis, gingivitis and dental caries, in which a relationship with low levels of this enzyme has been reported in different studies. Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of the pyrogallol salicylate method in the identification of the salivary enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional pilot study was carried out at the Center of Immunology and Biological Products of Camagüey, from June to October 2020, using the pyrogallol salicylate method to identify the lactoperoxidase thiocyanate enzyme in human saliva. Fourteen saliva samples were analyzed by observation and spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 405 nm. Descriptive statistical methods were applied to process data. Results: The enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate was found in all the salivary samples studied. The absorbance of the samples ranged between 0,406 and 0,939. Conclusions: The pyrogallol salicylate method is useful in identifying the salivary lactoperoxidase enzyme, which may be favorable in the study of oral infections.

Chemical constituents from rhizomes of Rhodiola wallichiana var. cholaensis and their protective effects on myocardium / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the rhizomes of Rhodiola wallichiana var. cholaensis and their protective effects on myocardium of H9c2 cells. Methods: The compounds were isolated by dynamic axial compression chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, and HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data analysis. The protective effects of all isolated compounds on myocardium were determined. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of R. wallichiana var. cholaensis and identified as salidroside (1), gallic acid (2), methyl gallate (3), quercetin (4), pyrogallol (5), 6″-O-galloylsalidroside (6), ethyl gallate (7), kaemnpferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), herbacertin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), rhodiosin (10), kaemnpferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), herbacetin (12), herbacertin-7-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (13), tricin (14), rutin (15), and kaemnpferol-3-O-(2″-O-β-D-xylosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (16). Compounds 2, 6, 8, 12, and 15 showed the significant protective effects against H9c2 cells at the concentration of 25 μg/mL and the protective ratios were 20.40%, 31.54%, 67.61%, 44.27%, and 47.84%. Conclusion: Compound 5 is isolated from the species of genus Rhodiola L. for the first time, and compounds 7-16 are obtained from the plant for the first time. Compounds 2, 6, 8, 12, and 15 could protect the myocardium of H9c2 cells to some extent.

Theoretical indications on the relationship between pyrogallol[4]arenes dynamics of assembling and geometry / Indicios teóricos entre la relación dinámica de ensamblaje y geometría de pirogalol[4]arenos / Indícios teóricos sobre a relação entre dinâmica de montagem e geometria de pirogalol[4]arenos

Los pirogalol[4]arenos son macrociclos con gran potencial como bloques de construcción de nanocápsulas. Los dímeros precursores del 2,8,14,20-tetrametilpirogalol[4]areno y del 2,8,14,20-tetrafenilpirogalol[4]areno se estudiaron teóricamente para obtener entendimiento acerca de la dinámica de ensamble de estos compuestos. Las curvas de energía potencial a lo largo del ángulo de torsión del enlace R-pirogalol)CH-(R-pirogalol) de los dímeros han sido calculadas al nivel de teoría B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). Se encontró que las barreras de energía para rotación libre en torno al enlace seleccionado son 0.00133 Hartrees para el dímero con sustituyentes alquílicos y 0.77879 Hartrees para aquél con sustituyentes arílicos. Estos valores implican que la rotación libre en torno al enlace seleccionado es permitida para el primer dímero pero es prohibida para el segundo. Puesto que las orientaciones del sustituyente y el anillo de pirogalol en torno a este enlace posiblemente determinan la geometría de la estructura final, parece razonable proponer que el pirogalol[4]areno con sustituyentes alquílicos más probablemente adoptará una geometría de corona, mientras que el pirogalol[4]areno con sustituyentes arílicos mas probablemente adoptará una geometría de silla. Estas previsiones están en acuerdo con evidencia experimental la cual demuestra que la geometría de los pirogalol[4]arenos es dependiente del tipo de sustituyentes presentes en ellos.

O pyrogalol [4]arenes são macrocycles com grande potencial como blocos de construção da nanocapsules. Os dímeros precursores de 2,8,14,20-tetrametilpirogalol[4]arene e 2,8,14,20-tetrafenilpirogalol[4]arene foram estudados teoricamente para obter uma compreensão sobre a dinâmica do monte destes compostos. As curvas de energia potencial ao longo do ângulo de torção da link R-pkogdol)CH-(R-pirogalol) dos dímeros foram calculados ao nível da teoria B3LYP/ 6-311G(d,p). Verificou que as barreiras de energia da rotação livre em torno do link selecionado é 0,00133 Hartrees para ao dímero com substituintes alquil e 0,77879 Hartrees para que com substituintes aril. Esses valores implicam que a livre rotação em torno da link seleccionado é permitido para o primeiro dímero mas é proibida para o segundo. Uma vez que a orientação dos substituintes e o anel de pyrogalol em torno deste link possivelmente determinar a geometria da estrutura final, parece razoável sugerir que o pyrogalol[4]arene com substituintes alquil mais provavelmente vai ter uma geometria da copa, enquanto o pyrogalol[4]arene com substituintes resíduo mais provavelmente irá ter uma geometría de cadeira. Estas previsões estão de acordo com evidências experimentais que demonstram que a geometria do pyrogalol[4]arenes é dependente do tipo de substituintes presentes nos mesmos.

Pyrogallol[4]arenes are macrocycles with high potential as building blocks for nanocapsules. We theoretically studied the dimeric precursors of 2,8,14,20-tetramethylpyrogaUol[4]arene and 2,8,10,14-tetraphenylpyrogallol[4] arene to understand the dynamics of assembly of these compounds, and calculated the potential energy curves along the torsion angle of the (R-pyrogallol)CH-(R-pyrogallol) dimeric bond at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. We found that the energy barriers for free rotation around the selected bond are 0.00133 Hartrees for the alkyl-substituted dimer and 0.77879 Hartrees for the aryl-substituted dimer. These values imply that the free rotation around the selected bond exists for the first dimer but not for the second one. Because the orientation of the substituent and the pyrogallol ring around this bond are likely to determine the geometry of the final structure, we propose that the alkyl-substituted compound will most likely adopt a crown-shaped geometry whereas the aryl-substituted compound will adopt a chair-shaped geometry. These predictions concur with experimental evidence, which shows that the geometry of pyrogallol[4]arenes depends on the substituents attached to them.

Evaluation of antioxidant properties of a new compound, pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6'-bieckol isolated from brown algae, Ecklonia cava

In this study, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of the natural antioxidative compound, pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6'-bieckol (PPB) isolated from brown algae, Ecklonia cava was assessed in vitro by measuring the radical scavenging activities (DPPH, alkyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide) using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, and DNA damage assay. According to the results of these experiments, the scavenging activity PPB against difference radicals was in the following order: DPPH, alkyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals (IC50; 0.90, 2.54, 62.93 and 109.05 microM). The antioxidant activities of PPB were higher than that of the commercial antioxidant, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, PPB effectively inhibited DNA damage induced by H2O2. These results suggest that the natural antioxidative compound, PPB, can be used by the natural food industry.