Development and Evaluation of a Consolidated Drug Information Management and Sharing System / 医薬品情報学

Objective: In this study, we aimed to develop a new system that can centrally manage and share drug information, and also evaluated its usefulness.Methods: Using PHP v5.3.3 as the programming language and MySQL v5.1.73 as the database, we built a web application that constantly runs on the server. Various drug information was registered in this system, and its usage status was analyzed based on the access log.Results: The system was accessed 31,678 times during the survey period (October 1 to December 31, 2019). The information sought included: basic drug information (ordering category of drugs, dosage forms and strengths, drug price, etc.) (13,962 times, 44.1%),question and answer records (7,221 times, 22.8%), pharmaceutical documents (package inserts, interview forms, documents regarding compatibility of injections, etc.) (7,172 times, 22.6%), notifications regarding new and discontinued drugs (727 times, 2.3%), websites (676 times, 2.1%), PreAVOID reports (663 times, 2.1%), pharmaceutical safety information (525 times, 1.7%), information regarding off-label drug use (409 times, 1.3%), and bibliographic information and guidelines (323 times, 1.0%). Among the users (62 pharmacists), 59.7% accessed the system only via a personal computer (PC), 38.7% via a PC and smart device (smartphone or tablet),and 1.6% via only a smart device. The median number of accesses to this system was significantly higher in pharmacists in charge of wards (190 [9-1,435]) or drug information (3,750 [2,957-5,548]) than dispensing pharmacists (68.5 [3-193]) (p＜0.001).Conclusion: This system allowed the central management and sharing of various drug information on the web, permitting access regardless of device type. Since this system was frequently used by pharmacists in charge of wards or drug information, this system was considered particularly useful in hospital pharmacist ward services and drug information services.

A Study of the Discussions on Psychiatry of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s: From Mental Hygiene to Modern Psychiatry / 의사학

This study is to review the emergence of new psychiatrists, scientific rationalization, and popular internalization to reorganize the formation process of modern psychological medicine system. Unlike eugenic psychiatry from the Japanese Colonial Era, the social conditions and contexts forming autonomous system of psychiatry of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s have been concentrated. The discussion approach has been tried to secure two perspectives-treatment and criticism-at the same time and to expand the time and scope of study through the extensive texts such as newspapers, magazines, books, advertisements, and others in the 1960s and 1970s. Through formation of subject, rationalization, and popularization, this study has surveyed the characteristics of psychiatry in the 1960s and 1970s to accentuate complicated conditions and kinetic steps to systemize psychiatry as scientific field to promote treatment of patients by deviating from mental hygiene approaching national mental health from cleanliness and removal. The characteristics are summarized as follows. First, as the ethical models of good doctors, medical paternalistic doctors, and non-authoritarian symmetric doctors have been proposed as good psychiatrists by new medical specialists with experience of globality, a new subject emerges. However, there has been illegalization process of unlicensed medical practitioner excluded by the regulatory authority called “clearness.” Second, the rationalization of psychiatry has been accelerated through the dispute of enactment of Mental Hygiene Law, segmentalization of concept of mental illness, and scientific characteristics. Especially, the disputes over enactment of Mental Hygiene Law focused on criminalization of mental patients brought a result to regulate the patients as the target of humanistic treatment and potential criminals at the same time. Third, popularization of psychiatry has embraced invisible mental illness into popular daily life through visual measure called medicine advertisement, and through the discussion about social neurosis, a new paradigm for diagnosis of Korean society has been proposed. Moreover, by focusing on autobiographical works with voices of patients, this article reveals a new doctor-patient relationship.

Exploration and Practice of Question-and-answer Practice Teaching in Pharmacy Department of Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of question-and-answer practice teaching in the pharmacy department of our hospital. METHODS:The practice teaching of pharmacy department was taken as a pilot,and the question-and-answer practice teaching was used in emergency and outpatient pharmacies,inpatient pharmacy,PIVAS,drug warehouse,clinical pharmaceutics room,preparation room and drug testing laboratory. The effects of the practice teaching on internships,teachers,pharmacy depart-ments and patients were excavated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Satisfaction of teachers,pharmacy,patients and clinics for the question-and-answer practice teaching was 100%,and satisfaction of internships was 94.5%. The question-and-answer practice teaching has improved their professional knowledge and competence,resolved difficulty of patients about drug counseling and helped the improvement of overall business level in department.

Importance of \lq\lqQuestion and Answer\rq\rq about Psychological Background in Cases of Chronic Urticaria Successfully Treated with Kampo Therapy / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We experienced four cases of urticaria (two patients with cholinergic urticaria, one patient with chronic idiopathic urticaria and one patient with cold urticaria) successfully treated with Kampo therapy. The factors for outbreak or aggravation of urticaria were stress of looking after the father in law and hysterectomy in the first case, psychological stress due to familial trouble in the second case, panic disorder like episode in the third case, and solicitude and anxiety for family in the fourth case. The effective Kampo formulae that improved the dermatological symptom were keishibukuryogan, hangekobokuto, yokukansankachimpihange and kamishoyosan, respectively. It was helpful that to clarify the psychological background affecting the dermatological symptom in the determination of Kampo formulae. It would be useful that careful and repetitious question and answer about psychological background in the treatment of intractable urticaria.

Importance of "Question and Answer" about Psychological Background in Cases of Chronic Urticaria Successfully Treated with Kampo Therapy / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We experienced four cases of urticaria (two patients with cholinergic urticaria, one patient with chronic idiopathic urticaria and one patient with cold urticaria) successfully treated with Kampo therapy. The factors for outbreak or aggravation of urticaria were stress of looking after the father in law and hysterectomy in the first case, psychological stress due to familial trouble in the second case, panic disorder like episode in the third case, and solicitude and anxiety for family in the fourth case. The effective Kampo formulae that improved the dermatological symptom were keishibukuryogan, hangekobokuto, yokukansankachimpihange and kamishoyosan, respectively. It was helpful that to clarify the psychological background affecting the dermatological symptom in the determination of Kampo formulae. It would be useful that careful and repetitious question and answer about psychological background in the treatment of intractable urticaria.