Cuestionario para caracterizar las lesiones no intencionales en niños de uno a cuatro años / Questionnaire to characterize non intentional lesions in children from 1 to 4 years old

RESUMEN Fundamento: Objetivo: Métodos: Resultados: Conclusiones:

ABSTRACT Foundation: Objective: Methods: Results: Conclusion:

Enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer. Cómo la perciben, qué conocen y qué conductas de prevención adoptan las mujeres / Cardiovascular disease in women. How they perceive it, what they know about and what preventive behaviors women adopt

Antecedentes: las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) representan un importante problema de salud para las mujeres en Uruguay. De acuerdo con las últimas estadísticas publicadas, en nuestro país mueren por esta causa más mujeres (13 por día) que hombres (11 por día). Objetivo: evaluar la percepción, conocimiento y conductas de prevención de las ECV de la mujer por la mujer. Método y resultado: en 2013 se encuestaron en Montevideo, por teléfono fijo, 300 mujeres (con edades entre 20 y 70 años), seleccionadas al azar, con una distribución similar a la de la población general en cuanto a nivel socioeconómico y edad. El cuestionario evaluó la percepción de la ECV como problema de salud, causa de muerte y comportamientos de prevención. El cáncer fue percibido por el 52% como el principal problema de salud y por el 62% como primera causa de muerte. La ECV lo fue en 17% y 12%, respectivamente. La mayoría de las mujeres tienen conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular, síntomas de ECV y comportamientos de prevención. Sin embargo, especialmente las más jóvenes subestimaron esta enfermedad y el cáncer de mama fue percibido como el principal problema de salud y no la ECV. Las mujeres hablan poco de estos temas con sus médicos (41% sobre medidas de prevención y 32% sobre síntomas de ECV). Conclusiones: la percepción de las mujeres encuestadas es que el cáncer es el principal problema de salud y causa de muerte; solo el 12% identificó a la ECV como la primera causa de muerte. Si bien las mujeres conocen los síntomas y los factores de riesgo, no los asocian con un problema de género.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a major health problem for women in Uruguay. More women than men die every year in our country due to heart disease and 13 women die every day, according to the latest published vital statistics. Objective: to evaluate the perception, knowledge and preventive behaviors of CVD of women by women. Method and results: in 2013, 300 women (age 20-70 years) were selected at random and surveyed by telephone, distributed in proportion to the population in terms socioeconomic level and age. The questionnaire assessed the perception of CVD as a health problem, cause of death and prevention behaviors. Cancer was perceived by 52% as the main health problem and 62% as the leading cause of death. So was CVD in 17% and 12% respectively. The vast majority of women respondents had an adequate level of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors, symptoms of heart disease, as well as behaviors that prevent or reduce the likelihood of becoming ill. However, most women, especially the young ones underestimated this disease and perceived breast cancer as a main health concern rather than CVD. Few women talk about this with their doctors (41% of prevention measures and 32% of CVD symptoms). Conclusion: the perception of the surveyed women was that cancer is their main health problem and cause of death. Just 12% perceived CVD as the main cause of death. Although women knew the symptoms and risk factors of this illness, they didn't associate it with a gender problem.

Cuestionario de actividades de la vida diaria (T-ADLQ): utilidad en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular menor / Usefulness of the activities of daily living questionnaire (T-ADLQ) in patients with minor stroke

Background: The inability to carry out activities of daily living (ADL) is prevalent in elderly people and it is associated with hypertension and stroke. Aim: To evaluate ADLs using the T-ADLQ in hypertensive patients with minor stroke. Subjects and Methods: T-ADLQ, Cognitive tests (Minimental and Addenbrooke), and Hamilton depression test were applied to 100 hypertensive ambulatory patients (55 without symptomatic stroke and 45 with ischemic stroke, Rankin ≤ 2). Results: In stroke patients the ability to perform ADL was significantly reduced compared with hypertensive patients without stroke. Cognitive dysfunction and depressive symptoms were associated with a lower ADL performance. Conclusions: The T-ADLQ is useful to evaluate ADL in hypertensive ambulatory patients with ischemic stroke.

Estudo Comparativo da Função Sexual em Mulheres Durante o Período Gestacional / Comparative Study of Sexual Function in Women During the Pregnancy

A gestação é considerada um processo biológico de grandes modificações no corpo da mulher, acarretando em alterações físicas, psíquicas e sociais. Entre elas, encontram-se as mudanças na sexualidade, que podem levar a disfunções sexuais como desejo sexual hipoativo, dispareunia, entre outros, podendo afetar diretamente a vida sexual do casal e a autoestima da gestante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a função sexual de mulheres durante o período gestacional. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, onde foram avaliadas 41 gestantes entre 14 e 42 anos, atendidas no ambulatório de uma maternidade escola, localizada em Maceió-AL. As participantes foram avaliadas individualmente, por meio da aplicação de um formulário sócio demográfico e gineco-obstétrico e o questionário Índice da função sexual feminina em grávidas brasileiras - FSFI. A análise estatística foi tratada de forma descritiva através de média e desvio padrão. Verificou-se que 42% das gestantes entrevistadas apresentavam ensino médio completo com renda familiar mensal de até um salário mínimo (46%) e que 90% afirmam manter atividade sexual e destas, 44% com frequência de uma vez por semana. Constatou-se com o comparativo feito pelo Índice da função sexual feminina em grávidas brasileiras, que entre todos os períodos gestacionais, o terceiro trimestre apresenta níveis de função sexual mais baixos, com escore final de 21,54. Foi possível concluir que a função sexual destas mulheres sofreu declínio, com o avanço da idade gestacional.

Pregnancy is considered a biological process that provides big changes in women?s body, resulting in physical, psychological and social modifications. Among them, the sexuality stands up, which may lead to sexual dysfunctions as hypoactive sexual desire, and dyspareunia, which can directly affect the sex life and self-esteem of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the women?s sexual function during pregnancy. This was a transversal, descriptive and quantitative study that evaluated 41 pregnants, from 14 to 42 years old, who were attended at the ambulatory of a teaching maternity hospital located in Maceió-AL. The participants were assessed individually by applying a socio-demographic and gynecological-obstetric form, and the female sexual function index for Brasilian pregnants (FSFI) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was treated descriptively using the average and standard deviation. The results showed that 42% women had finished high school and possessed a family income of up to a minimum wage (46%), and 90% had kept sexual activity and, of these, 44% with a frequency of up to once a week. The Female Sexual Function Index evidenced that among all gestational periods, the third trimester presented lower levels of sexual function, with a final score of 21.54. It was concluded that the sexual function of these women had declined with advancing gestational stage.

Concepções de professoras de ensino fundamental sobre os transtornos de aprendizagem / Conceptions of elementary school teachers about learning disorders

Objetivo investigar as concepções de professoras de ensino fundamental sobre as Dificuldades Escolares, o Distúrbio de Aprendizagem e a Dislexia. Métodos este é um estudo transversal, realizado com 31 professoras do ensino fundamental de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se um levantamento por meio de questionário com questões dissertativas. O questionário apresenta questões referentes ao conhecimento do professor em relação à definição, causa e manifestações dos Transtornos de Aprendizagem. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente por meio da análise comparativa, utilizando-se o teste estatístico Qui-Quadrado, comparando-se o conhecimento de professores de escola pública e particular, e entre os professores com e sem conhecimento prévio sobre o assunto. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados de maneira geral, as professoras demonstraram dificuldades para definir os transtornos, atribuir suas causas e pontuar as manifestações dos mesmos. Separando-se as professoras pelo tipo de escolas (pública e particular) e pelo conhecimento prévio sobre o assunto, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante na maioria das respostas. Conclusão as professoras possuem carência em seu repertório conceitual no que se refere às Dificuldades Escolares, os Transtornos de Aprendizagem e a Dislexia, e, portanto, precisam de orientação em relação ao trabalho efetivo com estes alunos. .

Purpose to investigate the knowledge and concepts of elementary school teachers about learning difficulties, learning disabilities, and dyslexia. Methods this is a cross-sectional study with 31 elementary school teachers in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. A survey was conducted through a questionnaire with dissertative questions. The questionnaire has questions regarding the teacher’s knowledge about the definition, causes, and manifestations of learning disorders. Data were analyzed quantitatively by comparative analysis, using the Chi-Square Statistical Test to compare the knowledge of teachers in both public and private schools, and of teachers with and without prior knowledge on the topic. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results in general, the teachers demonstrated difficulties for defining disorders, identifying their causes, and pointing out their manifestations. Separating the teachers by type of school (public or private) and prior knowledge of the subject, there was no statistically significant difference in most of the answers. Conclusion teachers lack knowledge about learning disorders and therefore need orientation to effectively work with these students. .

Factors affecting the development of genetic testing service by using quantitative SWOT analysis / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To analyze the factors affecting the development of genome technology-based genetic testing services. Methods Purposive sampling was used to select experts in the field of genome or genetic testing. Following interview with 11 experts,data was obtained from 25 individuals and analyzed by using quantitative SWOT analysis, including the concept of SWOT method, Analytic Hierarchy Process,Internal Factor Evaluation ( IFE ) Matrix, and External Factor Evaluation ( EFE ) Matrix. Consistent ratio (CR) was chosen to test the logic. Results Of the 15 critical affecting factors, the weighting coefficient of deficiency of laws and market regulations, state supporting policies, and lack of intellectual property protection was 0. 099,0. 091 and 0. 087, respectively. The development of genetic testing services was found in the third quadrant of SWOT analysis. Conclusion These findings suggest that defensive strategy should be taken to improve genetic testing services and to reduce the risk of genetic testing.

Medición de la actividad física en el tiempo libre de los habitantes de la localidad de Usaquén, 2008 / Measurement of the physical activity during leisure time of the Usaquen locality residents, 2008 / Medição da atividade fisica no tempo livre dos habitantes da localidade de Usaquén, 2008

Objetivo: Identificar y clasificar la actividad física que realizan los habitantes de la localidad de Usaquén (Bogotá - Colombia) durante su tiempo libre mediante el GPAQ. Metodología: se definió una muestra constituida por 395 residentes divididos en las nueve Unidades de Planeación Zonal (UPZ) de la localidad de Usaquén; el rango de edad de la población estuvo comprendida entre los 15 y 64 años, donde se tuvo en cuenta factores como el género, el tiempo dedicado a la realización de actividades en sus diferentes ámbitos (tiempo libre, trabajo, hogar); se aplicó el GPAQ que pertenece al cuestionario mundial sobre Actividad Física construido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y validado internacionalmente para la vigilancia de la actividad física en los países. Resultados: entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca: que el 54% de la muestra estuvo constituido por mujeres dedicando un tiempo de treinta minutos diarios para la realización de la actividad física en su tiempo libre, y el 46% por hombres los cuales le dedican en promedio 58 minutos a la practica de la actividad física en su tiempo libre; también, se resaltan las diferencias significativas entre los que realizan actividad física vigorosa y los que no la realizan frente al género, donde el valor de Ji cuadrado = 15,09 grados de libertad (P = 0,0001); mientras que no existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los residentes que realizan actividad física moderada o baja y los que no realizan actividad física donde Ji cuadrado = 0,58 grados de libertad (P = 0,44). Conclusiones: fue posible identificar la actividad física realizada durante el tiempo libre teniendo en cuenta el género y la edad, en los habitantes de la localidad de Usaquén de Bogotá.

Objective: the identification and classification of the physical activity performed by Usaquen (Bogotá - Colombia) residents during their free time through the GPAQ. Methodology: a sample of 395 residents divided in nine zonal planning units (UPZ) from the town of Usaquen was used. The age range of the population was between 15 and 64 years age, taking into account factors such as gender, time spent on activities in different areas (leisure, work and home). The GPAQ, part of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire constructed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and validated internationally for monitoring physical activity in countries, was used. Results: 54% of the sample consisted of women devoting thirty minutes to physical activity during their leisure time; while 46% of men spend on average 58 minutes in physical activity during their free time. Significant differences between those who perform strenuous physical activity and those who do not in regarding gender, where the value of Ji squared = 15.09 degrees of freedom (P = 0.0001). While there isn’t a statistically significant association between residents who performed moderate or low physical activity and those who do not perform any physical activity, where Ji-squared = 0.58 degrees of freedom (P = 0.44). It was possible to identify the physical activity performed during leisure time, taking into account gender and age among the residents of the Usaquen locality in Bogotá.

Metodologia: se definiu uma amostra constituída por 395 residentes divididos em as nove Unidades de Planejarão Zonal (UPZ) da localidade de Usaquén; o rango de idade da povoação esteve compreendido entre os 15 e 64 anos, onde se teve em conta fatores como gênero, o tempo dedicado á realização de atividades em seus diferentes âmbitos (tempo livre, trabalho, lar); se aplicou o GPAQ que pertence ao questionário mundial sobre Atividade Física construído por a Organização Mundial da saúde (OMS) e validado internacionalmente para a vigilância da atividade física nos países. Resultados: entre os resultados obtidos destacam se: que o 54% da mostra esteve construído por mulheres dedicando um tempo de trinta minutos diários para a realização da atividade física em seu tempo livre, e o 46% por homens os quais lhe dedicam em média 58 minutos á prática da atividade física em seu tempo livre, também, ressaltam se as diferenciam significativas entre os que realizam atividade física vigorosa e os que não a realizam frente ao gênero, onde o valor de Ji quadrado = 15,09 graus de liberdade (P = 0,0001), mientras que não existe uma associação estadisticamente significativa entre os residentes que realizam atividade física moderada o baixa e os que não realizam atividade física onde Ji quadrado = 0,58 graus de liberdade (P = 0,44). Conclusões: foi possível identificar a atividade física realizada durante o tempo livre tendo em conta o gênero e a idade, nos habitantes da localidade de Usaquén de Bogotá.

Health education in community health-care service in Shanghai / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To study current status of health education and explore its pattern in community health-care service(CHS)in Shanghai.Methods A total of 200 health-care workers(HCWs)from five CHS centers in Shanghai were investigated by questionnaire of health education knowledge.Results Among 200 HCWs investigated,96.5%(193/200)of them have recognized importance of health education,98.0%(196/200)could undertake health education in their clinical work,only 60.5%(121/200)had receired regular training on it,and 85.5%(171/200)thought they should be further trained regularly.Correct awareness of knowledge was 94.O%.47.0%and 33.6%for health education perception,healthy life-style and health education knowledge for chronic disease.respectively in them.There was very significant difference in correct awareness of knowledge between HCWs with varied ages and districts(χ2=17.663 and 82.376,P=0.001 and 0.000,respectively),but no significant difierence was found between men and women and those with varied professional titles(χ2=0.015 and 2.406,P=0.903 and 0.300.respectively).Short of time(48.5%),lack of relevant knowledge(15.0%)in HCWs and poor compliance of patients(33.0%)were main factors influencing their implementation of health education.Conclusions HCWs in CHS have already recognized importance of health education.but have not known enough its theoretical knowledge and skills.It is necessary to set guidelines of health education intervention for HCWs in CHS,and perfect monitoring and evaluation.as well as mechanism for rewards and penalties to promote development of health education in CHS.