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Objective:To explore the hotspots of the public concerns about quitting smoking before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:The monthly search index data of four key words, “the harm of smoking”，“quitting smoking”，“passive smoking” and “electronic cigarette” before the COVID-19 (from January, 2016 to December, 2019) and during the COVID-19 (from January, 2020 to December, 2020) pandemic were manually collected from the Baidu Index platform. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences among annual search indexes of four keywords. The linear regression model was used to test the annual linear trend of search index of each keyword before the COVID-19, and the one-sample t-test was used to analyze the differences of the search indexes during the COVID-19 and the means before the COVID-19. Results:During 2016—2020, the annual average search index of “electronic cigarette” was the highest (1.465 million), followed by “the harm of smoking” (0.884 million) and “quitting smoking” (0.780 million), while “passive smoking” was the lowest (0.171 million). Before the COVID-19 (2016—2019), the search index of each keyword had positive cumulative growth, but there was no significant linear trend of annual change ( P>0.05). During the COVID-19 period (2020), the search index of “the harm of smoking” decreased significantly (0.794 million vs 0.907 million, P=0.011), and “quitting smoking” (0.591 million vs 0.827 million, P=0.172) and “passive smoking” (0.164 million vs 0.172 million, P=0.257) showed a downward trend, while the search index of “electronic cigarettes” bucked the trend and increased significantly (1.825 million vs 1.375 million, P=0.010). Conclusions:The public′s online attention to “electronic cigarette” increases dramatically during COVID-19 along with other information about quitting smoking decreases. There are urgent needs for strengthening regulation and monitoring of electronic cigarettes and carrying out more effective publicity of scientific methods to help quit smoking.
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Introdução: O tabagismo é considerado um problema de saúde pública, sendo seu controle sistemático um desafio para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivo: Conhecer os fatores associados à cessação do tabagismo em usuários participantes do Programa Nacional de Controle de Tabagismo desenvolvido por uma unidade básica de saúde da família, em Joinville, no período de 2011 a 2016. Material: Estudo descritivo que investigou, por meio da análise de dados secundários, de forma retrospectiva, os fatores associados à cessação do tabagismo entre 76 usuários. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do cálculo das frequências absolutas (n) e relativas (%). Resultados: A proporção de cessação de tabagismo foi de 57,89%. A maior prevalência pela procura ao programa e pelo interesse em cessar o tabagismo esteve presente entre as mulheres. A maioria dos participantes iniciou o uso do tabaco na adolescência. 48% dos que cessaram apresentaram grau de dependência elevada, 34% dos que não cessaram apresentaram grau de dependência muito elevado e 28% elevado. A ansiedade foi o motivo observado (61%) que mais levou os participantes deste estudo a voltarem a fumar. Conclusão: A tendência observada foi o aumento do percentual dos casos de cessação ao longo dos seis anos investigados. O processo de cessação esteve relacionado a vários fatores, como grau de dependência química e a motivação para parar de fumar. Os aspectos para a determinação da cessação do tabagismo devem ser mais explorados, sugerindo-se, a realização de novos estudos que permitam avaliar as estratégias em saúde direcionadas aos indivíduos usuários de tabaco.
Introduction: Smoking is considered a public health problem, and its systematic control is a challenge for the single health system (SUS). Objective: To know the factors associated with smoking cessation in users participating in the National Smoking Control Program developed by a basic health unit in Joinville/SC from 2011 and 2016. Methodology: Descriptive study which investigated through the analysis of secondary data retrospectively the factors associated with smoking cessation among 76 users. The data analyses was made by calculating absolute frequencies (n) and relative frequencies (%). Results: The proportion of tobacco smoking cessation was 57,89%, the highest search and prevalence in the program was among women. Most users started to use tobacco in their teen years. 48% of those who quit showed very high degree of dependence, among those who did not quit, 34% showed very high degree of dependence and 28% an elevated degree. Anxiety was the reason observed that most lead the participants (61%) in this study to start smoking again. Conclusion: The observed tendency was the percentage increase of smoking cessation cases during the six years investigated. The process of quitting was related to a variety of factors as the degree of dependency and motivation to quit smoking. The aspects to determine the smoking cessation must be further explored, it is suggested the production of new studies which permit the evaluation of health strategies directed to tobacco users.
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Smoking , Tobacco Use Cessation , Tobacco Use Disorder , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Smoking Prevention , MotivationABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of 5A intervention method on the success rates for quitting smoking and glucose metabolism level of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from patients from January to June 2014 were divided into the control group, receiving traditional intervention, including asking, advising, assessing, assisting and arranging. The differences in the success rates for quitting smoking and glucose metabolism level between pre-and post-intervention was compared. Results The success rate for quitting smoking after intervention in the experment group higher than that in the control group. Statistical significance was found in glucose metabolism level before and after the intervention as well (P<0.05). Conclusion 5A intervention method can improve the success rate for quitting smoking and glucose metabolism level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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O objetivo é conhecer a prevalência e identificar as variáveis relacionadas com a abstinência do tabaco em pacientes tratados nos Grupos de Apoio Terapêutico ao Tabagista (GATT) em unidades de saúde do município de Vitória (ES), no ano de 2009. Estudo transversal com 160 participantes do GATT que participaram de 75% das sessões. Realizada entrevista por telefone, 9 a 20 meses após o tratamento, e usado dados secundários do roteiro de entrevista inicial. Na análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e Fisher. A significância estatística foi 5%. Eram abstinentes 28,7%, recaíram 51,9% e 19,4% não pararam de fumar. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos nas variáveis estado civil (0,039), tentativas anteriores para parar de fumar (0,029), quantidade de cigarros fumados por dia (0,019), uso de fármacos (0,001) e transtorno do humor referidos (0,040). O grupo de abstinente teve mais casados, tentou mais vezes parar de fumar, fumou menos cigarro/dia, apresentou menos ansiedade/alteração do humor. A abstinência foi semelhante a outros estudos e o maior percentual de sujeitos recaiu.
The scope of this study is to discover the prevalence and identify the variables related to tobacco abstinence in patients treated for quitting smoking through group therapy or support groups in primary health care units of the municipality of Vitória, State of Espirito Santo, in the year of 2009. A cross-sectional study was performed with 160 participants of the support groups who participated in 75% of the sessions. Telephone interviews were conducted 9 to 20 months after treatment and secondary data from the text of the initial interview were used. Chi-square and Fischer tests were used in statistical analysis and the statistical significance was 5%. It was found that 28.7% were abstainers, 51.9% had relapsed and 19.4% never stopped smoking. There was a statistical difference between the groups in the variables of marital status (0.039), previous attempts to stop smoking (0.029), amount of cigarettes smoked per day (0.019), use of medication (0.001) and reported anxiety/mood disorders (0.040). The abstaining group included more married people, people who had tried to quit smoking several times, smoked fewer cigarettes/day, showed less anxiety/mood change. The incidence of abstinence was similar to other studies and the highest percentage of subjects relapsed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/therapy , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Self-Help Groups , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Objective To study the status of smoking,passive smoking and quitting smoking in rural areas of the middle and western regions in China,and to develop strategies for improvement.Methods A total of 5486 residents aged 15 to 69 years in 84 villages of the 16 counties in Gansu,Qinghai,Shanxi and Xinjiang were selected through a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method to collect information through questionnaires.Data on the initiate age of smoking,and rates on smoking,passive smoking,quitting smoking as well as related knowledge were used as nutritional indicators.Results The overall smoking rate was 20.9％,with 44.8％ in males and 2.0％ higher than seen in females.The rate of smoking in Han nationality was higher than that in other minorities.There were significant differences seen in genders and nationalities as well the level of education received,in the rates of smoking.Smokers started to smoke at the age of 21.3 ± 5.6 with males earlier than females.The rate of passive smoking was 37.8％,with males as 31.9％,and females as 40.4％,respectively.The rate of quitting smoking appeared as 1.9％.Conclusion The status of smoking in the rural areas of middle and western regions in China faced challenges,with relatively low rate of quitting smoking.Relevant strategies need to be developed accordingly.