Enfoques de aprendizaje en estudiantes argentinos de nivel secundario y universitario / Learning approaches in Argentinean high school and university students

Resumen Los enfoques de aprendizaje permiten conocer el modo en que los estudiantes perciben y aprenden los contenidos académicos. El sistema universitario local registra elevadas tasas de fracaso y deserción estudiantil al inicio del ciclo académico. Por esta razón, se analizan los aprendizajes de estudiantes de nivel secundario y universitario. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Procesos de Estudio Dos Factores a 797 estudiantes (44 % secundarios; 56 % universitarios). Se analizó primero la estructura interna del instrumento con muestras de estudiantes de nivel secundaria y universitario. Luego un MANCOVA halló efectos multivariados de las variables sexo, nivel educativo y la interacción entre sexo y nivel educativo, sobre los enfoques de aprendizaje. Se concluye que el cuestionario presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en ambos grupos de estudiantes. Además, se observaron diferencias en los enfoques entre estudiantes de secundaria y universitario, pudiéndose planificar actividades educativas orientadas a mejorar los resultados académicos durante el período de transición.

Abstract Learning approaches allow us to know how students perceive and learn academic content. The local university system records high rates of student failure and dropout at the beginning of the academic year. For this reason, the learning approaches of high school and university students are analyzed. The Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire was applied to 797 students (44 % high school; 56 % university students). The internal structure of the instrument was first analyzed with samples of high school and university students. Then a MANCOVA found multivariate effects of the variables sex, educational level and interaction between sex and educational level, on learning approaches. It is concluded that the questionnaire presents adequate psychometric properties in both groups of students. In addition, differences in approaches were observed between high school and university students, and educational activities aimed at improving academic results during the transition period can be planned.

Enfoques de Aprendizaje en Estudiantes Universitarios Argentinos según el R-SPQ-2F: Análisis de sus Propiedades Psicométricas / Learning Approaches in Argentinian University Students, according to R-SPQ-2F: Analysis of their Psychometric Properties / Enfoques de Aprendizagem em Estudantes Universitários Argentinos segundo o R-SPQ-2F: <: Análise de suas Propriedades Psicométricas

Se presenta la adaptación del Cuestionario Revisado de Procesos de Estudio, Dos Factores R-SPQ-2F, que evalúa enfoques de aprendizaje, para su uso en población estudiantil universitaria argentina. Tres jueces expertos examinaron aspectos de validez de contenido y 20 estudiantes evaluaron la adecuación lingüística y las evidencias de validez aparente. Se recogieron, además, dos muestras independientes para analizar evidencias de validez de constructo: 204 estudiantes de 18 a 36 años (M=23.57, DE=3.67) para el estudio factorial exploratorio y de consistencia interna, y 528 alumnos de entre 17 y 36 años (M=22.50, DE=3.73) para el análisis factorial confirmatorio, que comparó tres modelos, mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud robusto. El estudio de confiabilidad test-retest incluyó 19 educandos. Los resultados indican mejor ajuste del modelo de dos factores, que representa los enfoques de aprendizaje profundo y superficial. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de la teoría y de implicaciones prácticas.

The article presents an adaption of the Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) that evaluates learning approaches, for use on the Argentinian university student population. Three expert judges examined content validity aspects and 20 students evaluated the linguistic adaptation and evidence of apparent validity. In addition, two independent samples were collected to analyze evidence of construct validity: 204 students aged 18 to 36 (M=23.57, SD=3.67) for the exploratory factorial and internal consistency study, and 528 students aged 17 to 36 (M=22.50, SD=3.73) for the confirmatory factor analysis, which compared three models using the robust maximum likelihood method. The test-retest reliability study included 19 learners. The results indicate a better fit of the two factor model, which represents the deep and surface learning approaches. The article discusses the findings in light of theory and practical implications.

Apresenta-se a adaptação do The Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire, Dois Fatores R-SPQ-2F, que avalia enfoques de aprendizagem para seu uso em população estudantil universitária argentina. Três avaliadores especializados examinaram aspectos de validade de conteúdo e 20 estudantes avaliaram a adequação linguística e as evidências de validade aparente. Além disso, coletaram-se duas amostras independentes para analisar evidências de validade de construto: 204 estudantes de 18 a 36 anos (M=23.57, dp=3.67) para o estudo fatorial exploratório e de consistência interna, e 528 alunos entre 17 e 36 anos (M=22.50, dp=3.73) para a análise fatorial confirmatória, que comparou três modelos mediante o método de máxima verossimilhança robusta. O estudo de confiabilidade test-request incluiu 19 educandos. Os resultados indicam melhor ajuste do modelo de dois fatores, que representa os enfoques de aprendizagem profunda e superficial. Discutem-se os achados à luz da teoria e de implicações práticas.

Correlation between the learning approaches of first year medical students and their performance in multiple choice questions in physiology.

Background: Students generally choose either a surface learning approach that focuses on rote learning or a deep approach that focuses on understanding. While selection for postgraduate medical courses is based on Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), only some medical colleges in Tamil Nadu, India, use MCQs for assessing undergraduate students. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the learning approaches of first year medical students using the Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and their performance in Multiple Choice Questions in Physiology. Materials and Methods: The Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) was administered to 142 first year medical students of a private medical college in Tamil Nadu after the internal assessment examination in Physiology that included 20 MCQs. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was determined using SPSS 17 software, to find the relationship between the deep and surface learning approach scores with the performance in the MCQ examination. Results: The majority of our students (73%) preferred a deep approach while learning Physiology. There was a positive correlation between deep approach scores and MCQ marks (r=0.226, p=0.007, n=142) and a negative correlation between surface approach scores and MCQ marks (r=-0.258, p=0.002, n=142). Conclusion: The majority of our first year medical students exposed to a didactic-non Problem Based Learning curriculum in which assessment included MCQs in Physiology preferred a deep learning approach which was positively correlated with MCQ marks.