ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the changes of the neuropeptide S (NPS) expression in dorsomedial nucleus of rat hypothalamus after rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation. Methods Totally 24 adult male rats were evenly randomized into 3 groups: normal control group (CC), tank control group (TC) and REM sleep deprivation group (SD). Modified multiple platform method (MMPM) was used to establish REM sleep deprivation model in rats. Immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ were applied to examine the expression of NPS protein and mRNA in the rat hypothalamus. Results There was no significant differences in the expression of NPS protein or mRNA in rats hypothalamus between CC group and TC group. After REM sleep deprivation, NPS protein and mRNA positive cells in rats hypothalamus in SD group were (27. 86 ± 2. 47) and (25. 75±2. 12), respectively, which were significantly more than those in CC group and TC group (16. 75 ± 2. 12 and 19. 63 ± 1. 85 in CC group, 18. 60±1.60 and 18. 50±1.69 in TC group; P
ABSTRACT
Objetivos: A referência à sonolência diurna excessiva na adolescência é relativamente frequente e raramente tem uma causa patológica na sua origem. Os autores apresentam um caso de hipersonolência diurna devido à narcolepsia numa adolescente e fazem uma revisão da literatura sobre este distúrbio.Descrição do Caso: Adolescente de 16 anos, sexo feminino, há um ano apresentando hipersonolência diurna e episódios de microssono durante suas atividades diárias, apesar de higiene de sono adequada. Exame objetivo sem particularidades. Estudo analítico, eletroencefalograma e estudo polissonográfico sem alterações. O teste de latências múltiplas do sono revelou uma latência média de 4:22 minutos e dois episódios de sono REM (Rapid Eye Movement) no início do sono (SOREMp), indicativos de hipersonolência grave com critérios de narcolepsia. Perante o diagnóstico iniciou tratamento com modafinil, com evolução favorável.Conclusões: A narcolepsia infantil é uma patologia rara e subdiagnosticada. A doença tem repercussões negativas na esfera emocional, comportamental e escolar/profissional, que podem ser minimizadas por um diagnóstico e uma terapêutica adequados e oportunos...
AIMS: Excessive daytime sleepiness is relatively common in adolescence, and rarely has a pathological etiology. The authors report a case of excessive daytime sleepiness due to narcolepsy in a teenager, and a review of the literature about this disease.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 16 year-old adolescent, female, since one year ago with excessive daytime sleepiness and microsleeps during her daily activities, despite adequate sleep hygiene. Physical examination was normal. Analytical study, electroencephalogram and polysomnography unremarkable. The multiple sleep latency test revealed a sleep latency of 4:22 minutes and two REM (Rapid Eye Movement) periods at sleep onset (SOREMp), suggestive of severe hypersomnia with criteria of narcolepsy. Treatment with modafinil was started, with favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Narcolepsy is a rare and under diagnosed disorder in children. The disease has a negative impact on the child?s emotional, behavioral and school/work life, which can be minimized by an adequate and timely diagnosis and therapeutics...