ABSTRACT
La neumonía COVID-19, puede condicir a insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, en pacientes críticos se requiera de la intubación orotraqueal con la finalidad de aislar la vía aérea y permitir la protección y el con¬trol o asistencia de la ventilación, siendo la secuencia rápida una alternativa para garantizar el éxito terapéutico y seguridad del personal. Bajo estudio prospectivo de cohorte, desde junio a diciembre de 2020, en pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de SARS-CoV2, ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, se incluyeron 72, 45 fueron masculino (62,50%) y 27 femeninos (37,50%), con un rango de edad entre 27 a 64 años, siendo el grupo mas vulnerable de 55 a 64 años con un 59,72% (43/72). La maniobra fue excelente en 47 ocasiones (65,28+12,28%), buena en 25 (31,94+6,04%) y en dos oportuniddes imposible, la secuencia de Fentanilo-propofol succinilcolina para la inducción rápida se ejecuto en el 50,00%, con efectividad de 100,00%; sin embargo, no hubo diferencia con las otras secuencias. Antes de proceder a la inducción farmacológica de la inconsciencia y del bloqueo neuromuscular, es necesario evaluar minuciosamente ciertos aspectos de la historia clínica y del examen físico del paciente(AU)
COVID-19 pneumonia can lead to acute respiratory failure, in critical patients orotracheal intubation is required in order to isolate the airway and allow protection and control or assistance of ventilation, the rapid sequence being an alternative to guarantee therapeutic success and staff safety. Under a prospective cohort study, from June to December 2020, in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, 72 were included, 45 were male (62.50%) and 27 were female (37, 50%), with an age range between 27 to 64 years, the most vulnerable group being 55 to 64 years with 59.72% (43/72). The maneuver was excellent on 47 occasions (65.28 + 12.28%), good on 25 (31.94 + 6.04%) and on two occasions impossible, the Fentanyl-propofol succinylcholine sequence for rapid induction was performed in 50.00%, with effectiveness of 100.00%; however, there was no difference with the other sequences. Before proceeding with the pharmacological induction of unconsciousness and neuromuscular blockade, it is necessary to carefully evaluate certain aspects of the patient's medical history and physical examination(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , COVID-19/complications , LidocaineABSTRACT
RESUMEN La COVID-19 es una afección que puede evolucionar hacia la gravedad y el paciente presentar insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, síndrome de distréss respiratorio agudo secundario a proceso neumónico desencadenado por esta afección, en el curso de la cual se puede requerir un procedimiento anestésico-quirúrgico y, como consecuencia de las condiciones anteriormente descritas, una intubación de secuencia rápida. Este trabajo está dirigido a ofrecer un grupo de consideraciones válidas en el nuevo contexto, relacionado con la aparición de la COVID-19, realizando precisiones en el manejo de la vía aérea en estos pacientes. Se detallan los pasos a seguir para la realización de la intubación de secuencia rápida, considerando los fármacos a utilizar y las medidas de bioseguridad a tener presentes, además se exponen las recomendaciones para el manejo posterior al procedimiento anestésico-quirúrgico en pacientes con COVID-19.
ABSTRACT COVID-19 is a condition that may evolve towards severity and the patient may presents acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to the pneumonic process triggered by this condition, in the course of which an anesthetic-surgical procedure may be required, and , as a consequence of the conditions described above, a rapid sequence intubation.This work is aimed at offering a group of valid considerations in the new context, related to the appearance of COVID-19, providing details on the management of these patients´ airway. The steps to follow for performing rapid sequence intubation are detailed, considering the drugs to be used and the biosecurity measures to be taken into account, as well as the recommendations for subsequent management of the anesthetic-surgical procedure in patients with COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
@#BACKGROUND: Rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII) is an emergency airway management technique for patients with a risk of pulmonary aspiration. It involves preoxygenation, administration of predetermined doses of induction and paralytic drugs, avoidance of mask ventilation, and laryngoscopy followed by tracheal intubation and keeping cricoid pressure applied till endotracheal tube cuff be inflated. Oxygen desaturation has been seen during RSII. We assessed the incidence of oxygen desaturation during RSII. METHODS: An institution-based observational study was conducted from March 3 to May 4, 2014 in our hospital. All patients who were operated upon under general anesthesia with RSII during the study period were included. A checklist was prepared for data collection. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients were included in this study with a response rate of 91.6%. Appropriate drugs for RSII, equipments for RSII, equipments for difficult intubation, suction machine with a catheter, a monitor and an oxygen backup such as ambu bag were not prepared for 41 (26.8%), 50 (32.7%), 51 (33.3%), 38 (24.8%) and 25 (16.3%) patients respectively. Cricoid pressure was not applied at all for 17 (11.1%) patients and 53 (34.6%) patients were ventilated after induction of anesthesia but before intubation and endotracheal cuff inflation. A total of 55 (35.9%) patients desaturated during RSII (SPO2<95%). The minimum, maximum and mean oxygen desaturations were 26%, 94% and 70.9% respectively. The oxygen desaturation was in the range of <50%, 50%–64%, 65%–74%, 75%–84%, 85%–89 % and 90%–94% for 6 (3.9%), 7 (4.6%), 5 (3.3%), 10 (6.5%), 13 (8.5%) and 14 (9.2%) patients respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of oxygen desaturation during RSII was high in our hospital. Preoperative patient optimization and training about the techniques of RSII should be emphasized.