ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Cancer is a burden in the world, especially for the least developed countries. The Population Registries of Cancer are fundamental in order to know the territorial profiles of cancer, and to evaluate the impact of their control programs. Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality from cancer in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga in the period 2008-2012. Methods: A descriptive population study of cancer incidence and mortality in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga was conducted. Primary invasive cancer cases from the 2008-2012 period was obtained from the RPC-AMB base. Population and death data were provided by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE, for its initials in Spanish). Crude rates of global and specific incidence and mortality were estimated by sex, and standardized incidence and mortality rates. Results: During the five-year period, 8,775 incidents of cancer were recorded (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). The global standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 151.7 in men and 157.2 in women. The main locations were prostate, stomach and colorectal, in men; breast, thyroid and colorectal in women. The standardized mortality rate per 100,000 person-years was 94.8 in men and 78.0 in women. Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rates in most locations are lower than the national ones and those in the previous quinquennium in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga. Thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia show a tendency to increase, which demands further investigation.
Resumen Introducción: El cáncer constituye una carga en el mundo, en especial para los países menos desarrollados. Los Registros Poblacionales de Cáncer son fundamentales para conocer los perfiles territoriales del cáncer y la evaluación del impacto de sus programas de control. Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga en el período 2008-2012. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio poblacional descriptivo de la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Los casos de cáncer invasivos primarios del periodo 2008-2012 se obtuvieron de la base del RPC-AMB. Los datos de población y defunciones fueron facilitados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Se estimaron tasas crudas de incidencia y mortalidad globales y específicas por sexo, y tasas de incidencia y mortalidad estandarizadas. Resultados: Durante el quinquenio se registraron 8,775 casos incidentes de cáncer (excluyendo cáncer de piel no melanoma). Las tasas de incidencia estandarizada globales por 100,000 personas-año fueron de 151.7 en hombres y 157.2 en mujeres. Las principales localizaciones fueron próstata, estómago y colorrecto, en los hombres, y mama, tiroides y colorrecto en las mujeres. La tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por 100,000 personas-año fue de 94.8 en hombres y de 78.0 en mujeres. Conclusión: Las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad en la mayoría de localizaciones son inferiores a las nacionales y al quinquenio previo en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. El cáncer de tiroides, colorrectal, y las leucemias muestran una tendencia al aumento, lo cual demanda indagaciones posteriores.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mortality/trends , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Sex Distribution , Colombia/epidemiology , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA), o subdiagnóstico e o subtratamento da dor são alarmantes e poucos estudos analisam esse tema, bem como os registros de sua ocorrência. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar registros sobre dor e analgesia em prontuários de pacientes com SIDA internados. MÉTODO: Pesquisa documental, com análise de 63 prontuários, realizado em hospital de referência no tratamento da SIDA no Ceará, em 2010. Utilizou-se check-list para obtenção de dados e os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas com frequências relativo/absoluta. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se registro de dor na maioria dos prontuários (90,5%), especificando localização (90,5%), fatores de melhora/piora (55,6%), intensidade (39,7%), frequência (25,4%), entre outros aspectos. Foram responsáveis pelos registros médicos (94,7%), enfermeiros (87,8%) e fisioterapeutas (12,2%). Quanto à localização, prevaleceu cefaleia (50,9%), dor abdominal (52,6%), torácica (33,3%), membros inferiores (24,6%) e lombalgia (29,8%). Quanto à intensidade, dor forte (56%), leve (28%) e moderada (16%). Quanto à duração, dor contínua (62,5%) e intermitente (37,5%). Nas prescrições farmacológicas, predominou anti-inflamatório não esteroide (66,7%), seguido de analgésicos simples (44,4%) e adjuvantes (41,3%). Medidas não farmacológicas foram prescritas em apenas 11% dos prontuários. CONCLUSÃO: É necessária a atenção dos profissionais para o registro de informações detalhadas das queixas álgicas dos pacientes com SIDA, com a adoção de instrumentos adequados para a avaliação e registro dos dados avaliados, para melhorar a assistência e o controle da dor que incide na maioria desses pacientes.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, pain underdiagnostic and undertreatment are alarming and few studies have evaluated this subject, as well as the records of its incidence. This study aimed at analyzing records about pain and analgesia of hospitalized AIDS patients. METHOD: Documental research with the analysis of 63 medical charts of an AIDS treatment reference hospital of Ceará, in 2010. Data were collected via checklist and results were presented in tables with relative/absolute frequencies. RESULTS: Most medical charts had pain records (90.5%), specifying location (90.5%), improvement/worsening factors (55.6%), intensity (39.7%) and frequency (25.4%), among other aspects. Responsible for medical charts were physicians (94.7%), nurses (87.8%) and physical therapists (12.2%). Most frequent sites were headache (50.9%), abdominal pain (52.6%), chest (33.3%), lower limbs (24.6%) and low back pain (29.8%). As to intensity, pain was severe (56%), mild (28%) and moderate (16%). As to duration, pain was continuous (62.5%) and intermittent (37.5%). There has been predominance of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (66.7%), followed by common analgesics (44.4%) and adjuvants (41.3%). Non-pharmacological measures were prescribed in just 11% of medical charts. CONCLUSION: Health professionals have to pay attention to the detailed recording of pain complaints of AIDS patients, with the adoption of adequate tools to evaluate and record evaluated data, to improve assistance and control pain affecting most of these patients.