ABSTRACT
Background: T2DM is a metabolic disease associated with a group of abnormalities including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, elevated levels of biochemical and inflammatory markers in circulation. This condition predisposes an individual to a number of adverse consequences which include atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Aim of the study: To compare the various biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and healthy age-matched controls. Materials and methods: The Study included 22 type of II diabetic patients as cases and 22 normal individuals as controls. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS complete hematological profile, lipid profile, total protein, c-reactive protein and calcium levels were measured in plasma of T2DM and compare with healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected into labeled centrifuge tubes, after an 8–12 h overnight fast, from the subjects by venepuncture. The blood samples were centrifuged at 2000rpm for 10 min using a desktop centrifuge and the serum separated and kept in labeled sample bottles at −70°C until further analysis. Results: The results showed higher concentrations of RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, and lymphocytes in healthy controls when compared with T2DM patients and lower concentrations of WBC, platelets, MCV, MCH, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils in healthy controls when compared with T2DM patients. Serum lipid profiles in plasma of control and T2DM patients. The results showed high levels of serum lipid profiles including cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol ratio in healthy age-matched controls when compared with T2DM patients. In contrast, the levels of triglycerides were found to be lower in healthy controls when compared with T2DM patients. The results showed that levels of plasma glucose, C-reactive protein, HbA1c were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2DM Jaiprabu Jayaraj, Pandiamunian Jayabal. Analysis of various biochemical parameters of T2DM patients and healthy controls. IAIM, 2019; 6(7): 1-6. Page 2 patients when compared with those without T2DM (healthy controls). There were also significantly (p<0.01) low levels of total bilirubin, ALT, total protein, albumin, total calcium in plasma of TDM patients when compared with plasma from healthy age-matched controls. Conclusion: The findings in this study support the hypothesis that low-grade systemic inflammation is an underlying factor in the pathogenesis of T2DM and also a common antecedent for both T2DM and CVD. The data from this particular study also provide further evidence that inflammatory markers might provide a method for early detection of CVD risk. These data might have many significant implications for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Modification of lifestyle habits and management of systemic inflammation should be the major targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD in T2DM patients
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess blood levels of renal function related influencing factors with baseline clinical parameters for predicting the risk of 8-year survival in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A total of 293 CHF patients admitted in our hospital from 2006-07 to 2009-11 were enrolled. The patients were followed-up until 2014-6-30, the end point was death. According to followed-up results, they were divided into 2 groups: Survival group,n=107 and Death group,n=186. All patients received routine renal function and electrolytes examination including blood levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, anion gap and phosphorus; GFR was calculated by MDRD formula. Baseline clinical parameters as left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography; blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. The risk factors for 8-year survival in CHF patients were analyzed. Results: Compared with Survival group, Death group had increased LVEDD, urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid, while decreased LVEF, HR, GFR, blood sodium and calcium, allP<0.05. Univariate analysis indicated that LVEDD, LVEF, GFR, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, blood sodium, calcium and phosphorus had the better predictive value for the risk of 8-year survival in CHF patients, allP<0.05. Multivariate analysis presented that LVEDD, GFR and blood sodium had the highest predictive value for the risk of 8-year survival, allP<0.001; the next one was blood calcium,P<0.01. Conclusion: LVEDD, GFR, blood sodium and calcium were the independent predictors for the risk of 8-year survival in CHF patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted MRI in the functional study of kidney.Methods Fifteen volunteers as control group and 32 patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) were underwent DW MR imaging in a dehydrated state.In CKD group,12 cases were with normal serum creatinine(Scr) level(CKD group 1) and 20 cases with Scr increased in different level(CKD group 2).Apparent Diffusion Coefficient(ADC) value of each kidney of all groups was measured and compared of their relationships with clinical data.Results The ADC values of 15 volunteers in different b values(50,100,400) were(405.366?35.9639)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,(339.646?23.0594)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,and(254.532?13.6763)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,respectively.The ADC values of CKD group 1 were(336.622?12.879)?10~(5)mm~2/s,(308.142?20.998)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,and(211.398?14.604)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,respectively.And of CKD group 2 were(307.717?84.930)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,(265.415?57.754)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,and(201.672?26.411)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,respectively.The ADC values in CKD group were lower than those of the normal kidneys(t values compared between the control group and CKD group 1 were 9.720,5.190,11.093 separately,between the control group and CKD goup 2 were 6.533,7.382,10.864 separately in different b values,with all P values less than 0.05).In CKD group 2,it had been showed negtive correlation between the level of Scr and ADC values of kidney,with mean level of Scr of(828.490?699.350) ?mol/L,but this was confirmed of no statistical meanings(the coefficient correlation were(-0.272、)-0.283、-0.023 separately in different b values,with p values more than 0.05).For the creatinine clearance rate(Ccr),it showed a weak positive correlation with ADC values of CKD group 2(the coefficient correlation were 0.511、0.430、0.335 separately,with P values less than 0.05).Conclusion(Diffusion-weighted) MRI imaging and in vivo measurement of ADC values have the potential for use as a noninvasive means to explore the functional status of the kidney.