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At present, novel Coronavirus is spreading wordwide, with rapid speed, strong transinissibility and many spreading channels. On January 31, 2020, WHO declared the pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak caused by novel Coronavirus to be "an public health emergency of international concern". As of May 31, 2020, Beijing time, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide had exceeded 6.21 million, and the cumulative number of deaths had exceeded 370 000. The outbreak of COVID-19 has prompted Chinese medical and health prevention researchers to carry out a large number of studies on COVID-19, and the important achievements have been published in many medical journals at home and abroad. Through CNKI, this study analyzed and summarized COVID-19 related articles published by Chinese scholars in domestic medical journals from January to April 2020. It was found that COVID-19 related articles were published in a wide range of journals and research institutions, including hospitals, universities, research institutes and pharmaceutical companies. The research content is comprehensive, including pathogenesis, virus antibody detection, COVID-19 diagnosis, epidemic prevention and control strategies, vaccine development and treatment drug development, etc. The treatment of COVID-19 is multipath,including anti-virus, improving the body' s immunity. Western medicine treatment, TCM conditioning and integrated treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. These research findings and diagnosis and treatment experience provide important references for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 around the world.
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Abstract Introduction: For a doctoral student it is necessary and mandatory to conduct research that leads them to move the frontier of knowledge. In this context, how does critical thinking contribute to generating new knowledge? Many authors attempt to explain and define critical thinking. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most relevant critical thinking models and to develop a model for this personal attribute in doctoral education. Materials and methods: Seminal works and the most significant models of critical thinking were reviewed in the current literature. Results: A critical thinking model in doctoral education was developed as an integration of the most important contributions of all authors. Conclusions: We argue that there is not a unique definition for this concept and that critical thinking may be understood as a process rather than as a tool, attribute or skill.
Resumen: Introducción. Para un estudiante doctoral es necesario y obligatorio llevar a cabo una investigación que lo conduce a mover la frontera del conocimiento. En este contexto, ¿cómo contribuye el pensamiento crítico a generar nuevo conocimiento? Muchos autores intentan explicar y definir el pensamiento crítico. Objetivo. El propósito de este trabajo es discutir los modelos de pensamiento crítico más relevantes y desarrollar un modelo para este atributo personal en la educación doctoral. Materiales y métodos. Los trabajos seminales y los modelos más significativos de pensamiento crítico fueron revisados en la literatura actual. Resultados. Se desarrolló un modelo de pensamiento crítico en la educación doctoral, como una integración de las contribuciones más importantes de todos los autores. Conclusión. Argumentamos que no existe una definición única para este concepto y que el pensamiento crítico puede ser entendido como un proceso más que como una herramienta, atributo o habilidad.
Resumo: Introdução. Para um aluno de doutorado é necessário e obrigatório realizar uma investigação que o leve a mover a fronteira do conhecimento. Neste contexto, como o pensamento crítico contribui para gerar novos conhecimentos? Muitos autores tentam explicar e definir o pensamento crítico. Objetivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os modelos de pensamento crítico mais relevantes e desenvolver um modelo para este atributo pessoal na educação de doutorado. Materiais e métodos. Trabalhos seminais e os modelos mais significativos de pensamento crítico foram revisados na literatura atual. Resultados. Um modelo de pensamento crítico na formação de doutorado foi desenvolvido como uma integração das contribuições mais importantes de todos os autores. Conclusões. Nós argumentamos que não existe uma definição única para esse conceito e que o pensamento crítico pode ser entendido como um processo e não como uma ferramenta, atributo ou habilidade.
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Objective In recent years,driven by our country's policy of strengthening independent innovation capabilities,there is dramatic increasing of the Patent application volume in Guizhou Province.This article analyzes the patent application and authorization of Guizhou medical research institutes,explored its existing problems and proposed countermeasures.Methods In this paper,the author searched the patent data of Guizhou Medical Scientific Research Institutions,including medical universities and their affiliated hospitals,medical colleges,and people's hospitals at all levels,through the Baiten Patent Data Retrieval Website.Data about the number of patent applications,types of applications,technical composition,legal status,legal events were analyzed to understand the existing problems,and proposed further solutions.Results At present,the medical scientific research units in Guizhou Province still have many problems in patent applications,such as low quality,Pay attention to the application but neglect the maintenance,low patent transactions,lack of patent knowledge for scientific researchers,and low patent consulting services.Conclusions These problems can be solved by improving the intellectual property management department,strengthening information literacy education,running a new mode of school-enterprise cooperation,and adding patent service organizations.
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Based on the analysis of the management of Director 's target responsibility system in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences these years, the methods and experience were introduced in this paper. How to further improve the management was also discussed, providing a certain reference for the target responsibility system management of scientific research institutes.
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Persons engaged in scientific research are faced with the problems of scientific research fund management and tedious reimbursement formalities due to the increasingly standardized scientific research fund management.Construction of information platform for purchase of scientific research materials and application of electronic payment can increase the effect of using scientific research fund, assure the security of scientific research fund, and improve the service of scientific research materials purchase and management sectors by solving such problems.
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To improve the science principle of input-output evaluation in medical research institutions,this study uses literature research and expert interviews to make a comparison between domestic and foreign evaluation criterion.There are several problems about input-output evaluation in medical research institutions in China,such as less flexibility and targeted methods,inappropriate models,inadequate indicators and quantitative metrics.Seveal combinations of elements should be considered for input-output evaluation in medical research institutions,which is parallels and distinctions,qualitative and quantitative methods,quality and quantity,process and results,focus and full,and also emphasis on the application of information technology.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of contributions and the reasons why Chinese authors engaged in scientific research favor to contribute their papers to PLoS One by comparing the papers published in PLoS One and its series by authors from China and other countries.Methods Papers published in PLoS One by Chinese au-thors engaged in scientific research were retrieved from Web of Science by setting the retrieval parameters and ana-lyzed.Results The number of papers published in PLoS One series by authors from China increased rapidly.The number of papers published in PLoS One was significantly larger than that published in other PLoS One series. Conclusion The scientific research scale is unceasingly expanded.Why the Chinese authors engaged in scientific research favor to contribute their papers to PLoS One are due to its attractive power and the guidance of scientific and technological evaluation management in China.
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The ideas for constructing information purchase platform for scientific research materials were put forward and the targets for its step-by step implementation were worked out according to the analysis of problems existed in purchasing scientific research materials with chemical agents as an example.The construction of information pur-chase platform for scientific research materials plays an important role in enhancing the cost-effectiveness of outlay for scientific research, assuring the safety of founds for scientific research, and improving the service of purchase administrative offices.
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Establishment and improvement of rules and regulations will benefit to the management of research institutions.A comprehensive,fair,reasonable,and workable rules and regulations are the basic guarantee for maintaining the orderly,steady,and sustainable development of the institutions.It is also help to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of all members of the institutes.In this paper,we use an example of a construction of rules and regulations in the military medical research Institutions,to analyze current information and posted suggestions on the rules and regulations formulation principles,making procedure,overall framework and main innovation for the future improvement and implementation of rules and regulations.
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Objective:To evaluate online bidding of equipments in research institutions.Methods: To analysis and practice the new online bidding procedure of central government procurement center.Results: Through the practice, discussed problems, proposed the measures of application. Conclusion:The online bidding’s advantages are obvious. This way will improve the quality of equipments and promote the procurement efficiency.
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Objective To analyze the impact factors and their importance on academic reputation of medical research institutions in China.Methods Seventy medical researchers and 70 medical graduate students were selected by convenience sampling method.Brainstorming and expert consultation were applied to determine the 6 factors affecting the academic reputation of medical research institutions in China.A Face-to-face or e-mail interview was conducted using a designed questionnaire.Six affecting factors were nominated analyzed.Chi-square test was used to cross exam nominated rate and affecting factors;Bonferroni method was also applied to make paired comparisons.Results There is significant difference in nomination rates among 6 impact factors (P ＜ 0.001).Pairwise comparison showed that information obtained by academic exchange (70.49 ％) and the scientific understanding generated from research practice (67.21％) are top 2 impact factors to the medical research institutions;followed by all kinds of ranking list (44.26％),and the celebrity effect (42.62％).Conclusions Scientific communication and research practice are two most important factors affecting the academic reputation of medical research institutions in China.
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As management is a key drive for Research and Development (R&D),it is significant to optimize management of Chinese science research institutions.Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) of the UK is a world-leading research institution,which has been brilliant in scientific inventions and discoveries.This study introduced LMB's competitive advantages and specific measures for future sustainable development,so as to provide reference for the management of Chinese research institutions.
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Medical research institutions in Shanghai have been developing in at a slow pace because of problems such as out of date institution structures, unreasonable resource allocation and distribution,shortage of research resources, insufficient creativity, and unfocused effort and investment. Hence reform is the only way out. This research discussed the possible strategies for development and proposed some suggestions on the institution categorization, structure change, allocation of resource and overall arrangement.
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By literature research and questionnaire, the paper analyzed development mode and status of scientific researching institutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine in other countries, discussed necessity and realistic meaning of establishment of the standards, and advocated the standards must be followed the rule of standing out characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine, making use of modern scientific technology and instrument, emphasizing commonness, classifying instruction and getting hold of major point.