ABSTRACT
Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital tract infection may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal infertility in women, and urethritis, epididymitis and other complications in men, which is a hotspot and chanllenge in disease control at home and abroad. In recent years, many researches have shown that Chlamydia trachomatis aberrant reticulate body may be one of the major causes of persistent infection. This review summarized the genomic and proteomic characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis aberrant reticulate body induced under various conditions in vitro, aiming to elucidating its role in antimicrobial resistance. The identification of persistent infection-related factors, providing new diagnostic targets for the detection of subclinically refractory long-term infections, is a prerequisite for finding appropriate methods to diagnose and treat the complications of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and is crucial for identifying new targets in the post-genomic era.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of KRT5 knockdown in keratinocytes on melanin content in co-cultured melanocytes, and to explain mechanisms underlying formation of hyperpigmented lesions in reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures (Dowling-Degos disease, DDD) .Methods:HaCaT cells with heterozygous mutations in the KRT5 gene were obtained by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) -CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology (experimental group) , and HaCaT cells transfected with non-targeting single guide RNA:Cas9 protein complex served as control group, both of which were in vitro co-cultured with primary human melanocyte cells (HEMn) separately. Immunofluorescence study was conducted to determine the expression of cytokeratin and melanosomes in co-cultured cells; melanin content was detected in melanocytes in different co-culture groups, which were obtained by differential trypsinization. Immunohistochemical study was performed to determine the expression of melanocyte-specific premelanosome protein 17 (Pmel17) in skin lesions in a patient with DDD carrying a KRT5 mutation and normal skin tissues in a healthy control. Results:Sanger sequencing showed a heterozygous mutation (c.1delA) at the initiation codon of exon 1 of the KRT5 gene in HaCaT cells in the experimental group, but no mutation in the KRT5 gene in the control group. Western blot analysis showed that the KRT5 protein expression was significantly lower in the experimental group (0.60 ± 0.05) than in the control group (1.00 ± 0.00, t = 32.38, P = 0.001) . Compared with the co-culture system in the control group, the number of Pmel17-labeled melanosomes markedly increased with the melanin content elevated by 52.5% ( t = -3.48, P = 0.025) in the HEMn cells co-cultured with HaCaT cells in the experimental group. Immunohistochemical study showed that the Pmel17 expression increased in the skin lesions in the DDD patient with KRT5 mutation compared with the normal skin tissues in the healthy control. Conclusion:The effect of HaCaT cells with CRISPR-Cas9-induced KRT5 mutation on the co-cultured HEMn melanocytes was verified by the successfully established in vitro co-culture system, which provides a primary cell model for further studies on interaction mechanisms between keratinocytes and melanocytes, and on pathogenesis of skin pigmentation abnormalities.
ABSTRACT
Erythema ab igne is a characteristic reticular telangiectatic and pigmented dermatosis, resulting from repeated or prolonged exposure to heat or infrared radiation insufficient to cause burns. Occupational history has played a pivotal role in dermatological diagnosis, and its importance cannot be overstated. It could lead to the provisional or final diagnosis in many instances.Over the course of time, the site and cause of erythema ab igne has evolved. From commonly being found on knees shins and palms due to tapnas (a practice in Indian villages to sit in front of fire); the disease is now observed on other sites such as on thighs and trunk after the discovery of heating pads and laptops.In thisparticular case, a 26-year-old male presented with erythematous to light brown patches on his right arm. The site of presentation was quite unusual, thus making occupational history the key to diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder is an clinically rare hereditary pigmentary abnormal disease with unknown etiology. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of a case of X-linked reticular pigmentosis complicated with nystagmus. The main symptoms and signs were nystagmus, most of the skin of body with dark color, and pigmentation spots on the face, arms, chest, back, etc. Pathological results showed hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, hypertrophy of the acanthosis, normal number of melanocytes in the basal layer, and increased number of melanin particles in some areas. A small number of lymphocytes were infiltrated around the superficial vascular layer, and fungal spores were occasionally seen in the horn layer by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, which was consistent with the characteristics of X-linked reticular pigment abnormalities complicated with nystagmus.
ABSTRACT
The cutaneous lesion of erythema ab Igne are characterized by a reticulate erythema, hyperpigmentation, fine scaling, epidermal atrophy and telangiectasias, and reticulated erythema. We report a case of erythema ab igne on the hands of a 8-year-old girl, induced by classic homemade radiator.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Heating/adverse effects , Erythema/etiology , HandABSTRACT
Dowling Degos disease is a rare, reticulate pigmentary disorder with variable phenotypic expression that manifests as hyperpigmented macules and reticulate pigmentary anomaly of the fl exures. Many variants of this condition and its overlap with other reticulate pigmentary disorders have been reported in the literature. We present here two cases of DDD with follicular localization, both clinically and histologically. It was associated with ichthyosis vulgaris in one case. Follicular DDD is an uncommon variant of this evolving dermatosis. Our report supports the possible role for disordered follicular keratinisation in its pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Hyperpigmentation/diagnosis , Hyperpigmentation/therapy , Male , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/therapy , Skin Diseases, Genetic/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Genetic/therapy , Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
Reticulate pigmentary disorders is a term that is loosely defined to include a spectrum of acquired and congenital conditions with different morphologies. The presentations vary from the reticular or net like pattern to the" freckle like" hyper and hypopigmented macules that are usually restricted to the true genetic "reticulate" pigmentary disorders. There is little clarity on this topic and related terms, in major dermatology textbooks. Hence, to harmonize the different entities we feel that the term "mottled pigmentation" could be used to include reticulate pigmentary disorders (acquired and congenital), dyschromasias and the disorders with a reticular pattern. The genetic reticulate pigmentary disorders can also be classified according to the gene loci which in the majority of cases are localized to keratin 5/14. A more useful clinical method of classification is based on the regional distribution, which includes facial, truncal, acral or flexural types. In this review we will largely focus on the inherited reticulate pigmentary disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperpigmentation/chemically induced , Hyperpigmentation/classification , Hyperpigmentation/genetics , Pigmentation Disorders/chemically induced , Pigmentation Disorders/classification , Pigmentation Disorders/genetics , SkinABSTRACT
Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is a rare autosomal dominant trait characterized by numerous, symmetrical, progressive and pigmented macules over the axillae, groins, face, neck, arms and trunk as well as scattered comedo-like lesions (dark dot, follicles) and pitted acneiform scars. Histopathology is diagnostic testing using a distinctive form of acanthosis, characterized by an irregular elongation of thin branching rete ridges, with a concentration of melanin at the tips. We report cases of generalized DDD in a single family with autosomal dominant penetrance. DDD can be presented in a generalized form with hypopigmented lesions instead of reticulate hyperpigmentation confined to the flexor areas. This form can be differentiated from DUH by histopathology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arm , Axilla , Cicatrix , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane , Groin , Hyperpigmentation , Melanins , Neck , Penetrance , Skin Diseases, Genetic , Skin Diseases, PapulosquamousABSTRACT
Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is a rare autosomal dominant trait characterized by numerous, symmetrical, progressive and pigmented macules over the axillae, groins, face, neck, arms and trunk as well as scattered comedo-like lesions (dark dot, follicles) and pitted acneiform scars. Histopathology is diagnostic testing using a distinctive form of acanthosis, characterized by an irregular elongation of thin branching rete ridges, with a concentration of melanin at the tips. We report cases of generalized DDD in a single family with autosomal dominant penetrance. DDD can be presented in a generalized form with hypopigmented lesions instead of reticulate hyperpigmentation confined to the flexor areas. This form can be differentiated from DUH by histopathology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arm , Axilla , Cicatrix , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane , Groin , Hyperpigmentation , Melanins , Neck , Penetrance , Skin Diseases, Genetic , Skin Diseases, PapulosquamousABSTRACT
In the present work Trichodina reticulata and T. nobilis (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) are morphologically characterised from ornamental freshwater fish culture in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The prevalence of infection and a list of comparative measurements are discussed. We examined "southern platyfish" Xiphophorus maculatus (n = 35), "goldfish" Carassius auratus (n = 31), "guppy" Poecilia reticulata (n = 20), "sailfin molly" Poecilia latipinna (n = 6), "beta" Betta splendens (n = 2) and "spotted headstander" Chilodus punctatus (n = 1). After being anesthetised in a benzocaine solution, fishes were examined for parasitological evaluation. A total of 51.57% fishes were parasitised by Trichodina spp. Carassius auratus was the most parasitised species, followed by X. maculatus and P. reticulata. Beta splendens, C. punctatus and P. latipinna were not parasitised by any trichodinid species. Two species of Trichodina were collected from the skin of fish: T. nobilis was found in C. auratus, P. reticulata and X. maculatus and T. reticulata was only observed in C. auratus. The importance of adequate handling in ornamental fish culture are also discussed.
No presente trabalho Trichodina reticulata e T. nobilis (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) de peixes ornamentais de água doce cultivados no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil são caracterizadas morfologicamente. A prevalência de infecção e uma lista comparative de medidas são discutidas. Foram examinados "platis" Xiphophorus maculatus (n = 35), "kinguios" Carassius auratus (n = 31), "guppys" Poecilia reticulata (n = 20), "molinésias" Poecilia latipinna (n = 6), "betas" Betta splendens (n = 2) e "espada" Chilodus punctatus (n = 1). Após a anestesia com solução de benzocaína, os peixes foram submetidos à avaliação parasitológca. Um total de 51,57% peixes estavam parasitados por Trichodina spp. Carassius auratus foi a espécie mais parasitada, seguida por X. maculatus e P. reticulata. Beta splendens, C. punctatus e P. latipinna não estavam parasitados por tricodinídeos. Duas species de Trichodina foram coletadas da superfície corporal dos peixes: T. nobilis foi encontrada em C. auratus, P. reticulata e X. maculatus e T. reticulata foi observada apenas em C. auratus. A importância do manejo adequado em cultivos de peixes ornamentais também foi discutida.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aquaculture , Ciliophora Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Fishes/parasitology , Oligohymenophorea/isolation & purification , Brazil , Ciliophora Infections/diagnosis , Ciliophora Infections/parasitology , Fresh Water , Fishes/classification , Oligohymenophorea/classificationABSTRACT
Objective To probe the different expression of psychomotor in different model of pretreatment and the influence of pretreatment context on the expression of psychomotor.And to compare dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuron activity in midbrain after different pretreatment.Methods Rats were pretreated by escalated high-dose morphine( HD group) ,fixed low-dose morphine( LD group) and saline as control(S group).After withdrawal, rats were challenged by morphine in non-drug used environment.Locomotor behavior and stereotypy behavior were monitored as the index of compulsive drug-seeking motivation.By double labeling immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Fos protein, the plasticity of neuronal activity in ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra of rats response to morphine challenge were disclose after pretreated with morphine or saline.Results After 10 mg/kg morphine challenge in non-drug used environment,the locomotor behavior and the stereotypy behavior of HD group were both significant higher than that of S group ( Locomotor behavior and Stereotypy behavior,HD group: 26907 ± 2003 and 129.6 ± 6.5; S group: 14962 ± 1888 and 89.9 ± 10.9, all P ＜ 0.01 ).The results of immunohistochemistry showed that Fos protein expressed in the SNr and in lateral SNr was significantly higher in the HD group compared to S groups ( Fos expression in SNr and lateral SNr,HD group: 29.14 ±5.27 and 9.83 ± 2.84; S group: 17.29 ± 1.51 and 2.06 ±0.45; all P＜0.05 ).Conclusion The sensitization behavior expression of the rat pretreated by escalated high-dose morphine is not modulated by drug using enviroment compared with fixed low-dose morphine pretreatment.The neuroplasticity of SNr,especially lateral SNr might be one of the mechanisms underlying the uncontroled sensitization behavior expression.
ABSTRACT
Dowling Degos disease is a rare condition inherited as autosomal dominant trait characterized by numerous, asymptomatic, symmetrical, progressive, small, round-pigmented macules over axillae and groins, face, neck, arms and trunk, scattered comedo-like lesions (dark dot follicles) and pitted acneiform scars. Histopathology is diagnostic. We are hereby reporting three cases of Dowling Degos disease belonging to two families. Our first and second case belonged to the same family, whereas our third case belonged to different family. In our series, all the patients had onset after puberty. All three cases had reticulate pigmentation over face and/or flexures, black comedones and follicular pits. On histopathological examination of the skin biopsy taken from the lesion over the back, all these patients showed classical histopathological features of Dowling Degos disease. We feel that one should investigate the patient presenting with reticulate pigmentation over the face and flexures with blackish comedone-like lesions, because histopathological features of this condition are unmistakable.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever a evolução, as manifestações clínicas, o diagnóstico e o tratamento de um caso de Papilomatose Confluente e Reticulada de Gougerot-Carteaud, uma genodermatose da ceratinização, raramente descrita. Relato de caso: homem de 28 anos, com numerosas lesões papulosas, hipercrômicas, principalmente em região intermamária, que se tornaram confluentes, acometendo a região torácica anterior, região dorsal e cervical. O diagnóstico baseou-se nos dados clínicos e exame histopatológico;iniciou-se o tratamento com Azitromicina 500 mg, uma vez ao dia por três dias consecutivos e intervalo de sete dias. Após seis esquemas desta droga o paciente evoluiu satisfatoriamente.
Objective: report a case of confluent and reticulate papillomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud, a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by confluent, flat, brown papules. Report of the case: a 28 year-old man presented flat brown papules on the intermammary region, which coalesced to form diffuse large plaques spread out the breast, neck and back regions. The diagnosis was made from clinical and histological findings. The pacient was treated with oral azythromycin. Final considerations: the lesions improved after six courses of treatment, being azythromycin an effective alternative treatment to this dermatosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Papilloma/diagnosis , Papilloma/drug therapyABSTRACT
Reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi is a rare dyschromic disorder that has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It presents generally during infancy or early childhood as symmetrical pinpoint to pea-sized hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the back of the hands and feet. The eruption slowly extends proximally and may rarely affect the sides of the neck and upper portion of the trunk. We report a case of reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi on the trunk of a patient with a family history of the disorder in four generations. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the Korean literature that describes skin lesions on the trunk in a patient with reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi.
Subject(s)
Humans , Family Characteristics , Foot , Hand , Neck , Pigmentation Disorders , Skin , WillsABSTRACT
Prurigo pigmentosa is a rare dermatosis characterized by the sudden onset of pruritic erythematous papules that leave reticulated, mottled hyperpigmentation after healing. Prurigo pigmentosa is an unique inflammatory dermatosis that has distinctive phases of clinical and histopathological features. The cause is unknown. Skin lesions are symmetrically distributed on the neck, clavicular, chest and upper back area in young adults, predominantly women. This disease is endemically common in Japan but rarely seen in other countries (especially western). In Korean dermatologic literature, there are some reported cases of prurigo pigmentosa. We report the cases of 5 patients who were diagnosed as prurigo pigmentosa.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Hyperpigmentation , Japan , Neck , Prurigo , Skin , Skin Diseases , ThoraxABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: It was hypothesized that dopamine agonist administration and subthalamic nucleus (STN) lesion in the rat might have a synergistic effect on the neuronal activities of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) as observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. The effects of SKF38393 (a D1 receptor agonist) and Quinpirole (a D2 receptor agonist) were compared in parkinsonian rat models with 6- hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) after STN lesion. METHODS: SKF38393 and Quinpirole were consecutively injected intrastriatally. SNpr was microrecorded to ascertain the activity of the basal ganglia output structure. The effect of SKF38393 or Quinpirole injection on the firing rate and firing patterns of SNpr was investigated in medial forebrain bundle (MFB) lesioned rats and in MFB+STN lesioned rats. RESULTS: The administration of SKF38393 decreased SNpr neuronal firing rates and the percentage of burst neurons in the MFB lesioned rats, but did not alter them in MFB+STN lesioned rats. The administration of Quinpirole significantly decreased the spontaneous firing rate in the MFB lesioned rats. However, after an additional STN lesion, it increased the percentage of burst neurons. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that dopamine agonists and STN lesion decreased the hyperactive firing rate and the percentage of burst neurons of SNpr neurons in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, respectively. Quinpirole with STN lesion increased a percentage of burst neurons. To clear the exact interactive mechanism of D1 and D2 agonist and the corresponding location, it should be followed a study using a nonselective dopamine agonist and D1, D2 selective antagonist.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine , Basal Ganglia , Dopamine Agonists , Dopamine , Fires , Hydroxydopamines , Kainic Acid , Medial Forebrain Bundle , Models, Animal , Neurons , Oxidopamine , Parkinson Disease , Quinpirole , Substantia Nigra , Subthalamic NucleusABSTRACT
Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAPK) is an autosomal dominant dermatosis comprising of reticulate slightly clepessed pigmentation of the extensor surfaces of the hands and feet with palmar pits. It has been suggested that this may be the same disease as Dawling Degos disease (DDD), an autosomal dorninant condition which is characterized by a reticulate pigmentation of flexures, comedo-like lesicns and pitted scars. We present a case of RAPK in a 49-year-old female who had reticulate, brownish, slightly depressed pigmentation on the extremities with t,he involvement of flexures, the predilection sites of DDD.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Cicatrix , Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane , Extremities , Foot , Hand , Malignant Atrophic Papulosis , Pigmentation , Skin DiseasesABSTRACT
Multiple, reticulated, dark brown colored, macules and patches suddenly developed on the fac, and neck of a 48-year-old Korean woman two days after a traffic accident. On physical examination and laboratory tests including serum melanocyte-stimulating hormone, estrogen and progesterone level, no abnormalities were found except cervical pain. Histological examination of hematoxylin-eosin stained sections revealed increased melanin pigmentation in the basal layer, but the number of melanocytes was not changed in DOPA stained section. Topical application of 2% hydroquinone and 20% azelaic acid ointments had been applied successively for two months each without any apparent improvement. Herein we present a case of reticulate hyperpigmentation on the face and neck, which is very acute and whose causative factors are not certain.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Dihydroxyphenylalanine , Estrogens , Hyperpigmentation , Melanins , Melanocytes , Neck Pain , Neck , Ointments , Physical Examination , Pigmentation , ProgesteroneABSTRACT
An 18-year-old male patient presented with brownish, sliglitly atrophic, reticulated macular lesions on the dorsal parts of hands and feet sinc childhood, which were characteristic manifestation of ret.iculate acropigmentation of Kitariura. At about thirteen years old age, he noted multiple deep brownish, freckle-like macules on the scrotum. Histopatholigic findings of a scrotal lesion were compatible with those of Dowling-Degos disease, such as epidermal acanthosis, elorga ion of rete ridges and hyperpigmentation of the prickle and basal cell layer.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Foot , Hand , Hyperpigmentation , ScrotumABSTRACT
We report two familial cases of reticulate acropigmentation of kitamura in 20-year-old male and 29-year-old female patients in which reticualte, brownish, slightly depressed pigmentation developed on acral parts of extremities and subsequently extended proximally. Characteristic pits and breaks on palms and soles were noted. Histologic findings revealed epidermal atrophy and enlongation of rete ridges with large amounts of melanin. Electron microscopic findings showed increased melanogenesis in melanocytes and numerous melanosomes and melanosome complex in keratinocytes.