ABSTRACT
@#Retinal degenerative disease is a major disease that affects human vision. It damages human photoreceptor cells and damages human vision. And the mammalian retina does not have the ability to regenerate, once the disease will seriously affect people's normal life. At present, there is no clear way to prevent and alleviate these diseases, but the transplantation of photoreceptors to supplement the damaged photoreceptors in the retina can treat retinal diseases. In this paper, we will discuss the current situation and techniques of photoreceptor transplantation to restore vision in retinal degenerative diseases.
ABSTRACT
@#Retinal degenerative diseases are kinds of leading cause of blindness characterized by photoreceptor apoptosis and progressive neuronal degeneration. A large body of research has shown the evidence of inflammation reaction in such diseases. Retinal neuroinflammation may be a main factor resulting in apoptosis of photoreceptors and neurodegeneration of retina. In addition, the inflammatory response is not only detected in the retina, but also in aqueous humor, vitreous and even in blood, which forms a persistently very low degree, and chronic inflammatory environment. In this review, we focus on the development of microinflammatory response and its predictor for disease outcomes.
ABSTRACT
@#Retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are the main clinical blinding eye diseases with complex etiology and irreversible damage to vision. CX3CR1 is a specific receptor of the chemokine CX3CL1. Both of them participate in various physiological functions and pathological changes of the whole body through regulating the immune system of the body. In recent years, studies have pointed out that CX3CR1 regulates the activity and function of retinal microglia, which play an important role in the process of retinal degenerative diseases. In this paper, the structure and function of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and the role of microglia in retinal degenerative diseases were reviewed, so as to provide ideas and directions for future research and treatment of such diseases.
ABSTRACT
Retinal degenerative diseases are the common cause of blindness for all ages.Cell replacement therapy is the main strategy for treating retinal degenerative diseases.Recently, several retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) transplantation clinical trials have taken place worldwide and greatly enhanced the visual function of patients.However, irreversible loss of photoreceptors has been found in the late stage of diseases.Thus, photoreceptor transplantation is essential for the treatment of late-stage retinal degenerative diseases.How to obtain the clinical-grade amount of human cone photoreceptors remains to be one of the technical obstacles.This review introduced the present clinical trials of RPE transplantation and research achievements of photoreceptor transplantation.Furthermore, we will focus on the studies of stem cell-derived human photoreceptor differentiation.Lastly, the difficulties and future directions of stem cell-based therapy for retinal degenerative diseases will be discussed.
ABSTRACT
@#Retinal degeneration is the primary cause of visual impairment and blindness. However, in advanced stage of the disease, the majority or all photoreceptors are lost, effective therapeutics has not been established. In recent years, a large number of studies have provided new ways for the replacement of photoreceptors and three-dimensional retinal culture has emerged to produce retinal photoreceptors and tissues of both fetal mouse and human, providing the cell source of photoreceptors replacement therapy for treating retinal degenerative diseases. This review focuses on the development of three-dimensional retinal culture techniques and photoreceptors transplantation experiments, and the existing application strategies and limitations of retinal organoids in the replacement therapy of retinal degeneration, which provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of 3D retina in photoreceptors replacement therapy.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the changes of brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) expression in gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSC) . ●METHODS:BMSC were divided into blank control group ( without transfected BMSC ) , negative control group ( empty vector without BDNF gene transfected BMSC) and experimental group ( BDNF gene transfected BMSC) . The expression of BDNF mRNA in BMSC was measured by Realtime PCR, and the expression of BDNF in BMSC was measured by ELlSA. ●RESULTS:The BDNF mRNA expressions of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8-generation BMSC cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the blank control group and negative control group. The differences were statistically significant (P3: F=491. 788, P ●CONCLUSION:Long-term expression of BDNF in BMSC can be enhanced by genetic engineering.