Visual and hearing impairments among working and retired employees with type 2 diabetes mellitus in two academic communities in the Philippines

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives:</strong> 1) To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of working and retired employees aged 55 years and older; 2) To determine the proportion with visual and hearing impairments in participants with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and 3) To determine the association between quality of life in participants with T2DM and visual and hearing impairments.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study utilized a cross-sectional study design - data derived from the findings of the UP Wellness Initiative for Seniors and Elders (UPWISE) Program. The participants were working and retired university employees age 55 years and above residing in urban and rural-urban (rurban) communities. Stratified random sampling was utilized according to working status and sex. Visual and hearing impairments, and the presence of T2DM were assessed using a multidisciplinary diagnostic process, the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 301 participants agreed to participate and completed the CGA. The mean age of the participants was 64.8 (±6.3), and 51.2% belonged to the young-old subgroup. There was an almost equal proportion of males and females while there were more working (53.8%) than the retired (46.2%). There were 17.6% of participants with T2DM and of them, 47.2% with visual impairment (VI) alone, 7.5% hearing impairment (HI) alone, and 37.7% with dual sensory impairments (DSI). Good quality of life was reported by 100% of T2DM participants with HI, 80% with VI, and 72.3% with DSI. There was no significant association between quality of life and vision and hearing impairments. On the other hand, a significant association was identified between T2DM and DSI (p-value, 0.001).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> T2DM and vision and hearing impairments are prevalent among the two academic communities. Visual impairment was more common than hearing impairment. Participants diagnosed with T2DM and having a visual, hearing, or dual sensory impairments reported good quality of life.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> sensory, geriatric assessments, retired, employees, quality of life, diabetes mellitus</p>

Active aging health determinants among working and retired Filipino older persons living in an urban academic campus

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to describe the demographic profile and determine the proportion and Active Aging health determinants of staff, faculty, and retired employees who are 55 years of age and older.@*METHODS@#Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, community-based, and participatory. Participants were working and retired faculty and staff, age 55 years and over, living within an urban campus of a University. The University Ethics Review Board approved the protocol. Focus group discussions (FGDs) led to the development of a pretested survey instrument. Additional health data were obtained using a validated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) tool. Trained and certified health professionals conducted the CGA. A Senior Geriatrician adjudicated the final diagnoses. Progress reports and validation workshops were conducted with study participants, content experts, and stakeholders. CSPRo, SPSS, and STATA were used to generate and analyze disaggregated data.@*RESULTS@#Two hundred thirty-one (n=231) agreed to participate. The matched dataset was used in data analysis, representing a total of n=192 completed both surveys and CGA interview. Of the top 10 Geriatrician diagnoses, the highest-ranking non-communicable disease was hypertension and the top sensory diagnosis was presbyopia. Three of the self-assessed conditions were vision-related. They had better oral health than the recent national report. Most were highly independent and functional. The majority rated their QOL as good. Most had access to health insurance and a University Health Service.@*CONCLUSION@#Non-communicable diseases and visual disorders were the most common medical problems among working and retired university workers 55 years and older, living within the campus. To reduce NCDs, maintain functional independence and achieve a better quality of life especially among the retired, programs for older persons are recommended. These include access to medication, improved health financing, and senior wellness programs during and after employment. The results of the study will help understand and create a Framework for Active Aging that is relevant to this academic community.

Resilience in Times of COVID-19: Isolation and Loneliness in Family Medicine

@#The emotional stressors, societal challenges and unique physician specific stressors such as greater risks of contagion, a rapidly evolving practice environment and ever-changing protocols and regulations brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic have placed family physicians at greater risks of physician isolation and loneliness. Establishing and strengthening connections with oneself, peers and patients, and an inclusive and decisive leadership in the Family Medicine fraternity can prevent isolation and loneliness.

Relationship between living alone of retired employees and depression and anxiety and mediating role of social participation quality / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the related factors of depression and anxiety among the retired employees, and to examine the mediating role of social participation quality in the elderly between living alone and depression and anxiety.Methods:The retired employees who met the admission criteria in the First Hospital of Jilin University were selected as the subjects. The basic situation questionnaire was used in this study, and the social participation quality, depression and anxiety were assessed by social aspect of the Quality of Life Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Table and Anxiety Screening Questionnaire, respectively. A total of 642 valid questionnaires were obtained. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors, and the mediating effect test was conducted by stepwise regression analysis.Results:The influencing factors of depression in the retired employees were physical exercise (β=-0.948, P<0.01), entertainment (β=-1.423, P<0.01), whether to suffer from chronic diseases (β=2.579, P<0.01), family income (β=-0.557,P<0.05), whether to insist on work (β=-1.673, P<0.05), and whether to live alone (β=2.097, P<0.01).The influencing factors of anxiety were physical exercise (β=-0.711, P<0.05), entertainment (β=-1.380, P<0.01), whether to suffer from chronic diseases (β=1.204, P<0.05), and whether to live alone (β=1.639,P<0.05).In the elderly, living alone status and social participation quality were input in the linear regression as the independent variables,and the results showed that the effects of living alone status on depression and anxiety had no the significant differences (β=0.837,P=0.218; β=0.837,P=0.218), and social participation quality played a full mediating role between living alone status and depression and anxiety.Conclusion:Physical exercise, entertainment, whether to suffer from chronic diseases and whether to live alone are the influencing factors of depression and anxiety in the retired employees; social participation quality plays a full mediating effect between living alone status and depression and anxiety.

Propriedades Psicométricas do Inventário de Motivos para Migração na Aposentadoria / Psychometric Properties of the Inventory of Reasons for Migration in Retirement / Propiedades Psicométricas del Inventario de Motivos para la migración en la jubilación

Os processos migratórios podem ser definidos como um fenômeno composto por correntes populacionais que se deslocam de uma área para a outra. O objetivo deste estudo foi reunir evidências de validade para o Inventário de Motivos para Migração na Aposentadoria. Para tanto, foram elaborados 12 itens para avaliar os motivos que levam os aposentados a migrarem. O inventário foi aplicado a uma amostra de 284 aposentados, a maioria do sexo feminino (51,4%), residentes na Região dos Lagos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória indicaram que o instrumento possui três dimensões: Meio Ambiente, Lazer e Segurança (α = 0,82), Apoio Social (α = 0,72) e Mobilidade e Serviços (α = 0,56). Além disso, foram verificadas correlações destes motivos com outras variáveis, como relacionamento afetivo/conjugal e conhecimento prévio do local, sendo identificadas as correlações positivas e significativas de fracas a moderadas com o Inventário de Motivos para Migração. Este estudo disponibiliza aos investigadores do tema uma ferramenta para mensurar os motivos de migração no contexto nacional e municipal e na área acadêmica.

Migration processes can be defined as a phenomenon composed of population currents that move from one area to another. The objective of this study was to gather evidence of validity for the Inventory of Reasons for Migration in retirement. In order to do so, 12 items were elaborated to evaluate the reasons that lead retirees to migrate. The inventory was applied to a sample of 284 retirees, living in the Região dos Lagos, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and the majority being female (51.4%). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that the instrument has three dimensions: Environment, Leisure and Safety (α = 0.82), Social Support (α = 0.72) and Mobility and Services (α = 0.56). In addition, correlations of these reasons with other variables were verified: affective / conjugal relationship and prior knowledge of the place, and the positive and significant correlations of weak to moderate were identified with the Migration Reasons Inventory. This study provides the researchers a tool to measure the reasons for migration to the national context, municipal administration and academic area.

Los procesos migratorios pueden ser definidos como un fenómeno compuesto por corrientes poblacionales que se desplazan de un área a la otra. El objetivo de este estudio fue reunir evidencias de validez para el Inventario de Motivos para la Migración en la Jubilación. Para ello, se elaboraron 12 ítems para evaluar los motivos que llevan a los jubilados a migrar. El inventario fue aplicado a una muestra de 284 jubilados, la mayoría del sexo femenino (51,4%), residentes en la Región de los Lagos en el Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indicaron que el instrumento tiene tres dimensiones: Medio Ambiente, Ocio y Seguridad (α = 0,82), Apoyo Social (α = 0,72) y Movilidad y Servicios (α = 0,56). Además, se verificaron correlaciones de estos motivos con otras variables, como relación afectiva / conyugal y conocimiento previo del local, siendo identificadas las correlaciones positivas y significativas de débiles a moderadas con el Inventario de Motivos para la Migración. Este estudio ofrece a los investigadores del tema una herramienta para medir los motivos de migración en el contexto nacional y municipal y en el área académica.

Gender, Health and Retired Healthcare Professional Women / Género, Salud y Mujeres Profesionales de la Salud Retiradas

ABSTRACT This article focusses on issues that may impact the health and well-being of women who have retired from the healthcare professions. Gender ideologies that interconnect with social situations, economic conditions and family responsibilities are highlighted as these may influence the health status of these women. Women in health professions contribute significantly to the health status of our population at large. They may be able to contribute significantly to health-care even in their retirement years if their needs are known and addressed. It is intended that persons reading this article will become sensitive to the needs of these women and take steps to address them.

RESUMEN Este artículo se centra en problemas que pueden afectar la salud y el bienestar de las mujeres que se han retirado de profesiones de atención a la salud. Se destacan las ideologías de género que se interconectan con las situaciones sociales, las condiciones económicas y las responsabilidades familiares, ya que pueden influir en el estado de salud de estas mujeres. Las mujeres en profesiones de atención a la salud contribuyen significativamente al estado de salud de nuestra población en general. Ellas pueden contribuir significativamente a la atención a la salud incluso en sus años de jubilación, si sus necesidades son conocidas y atendidas. Se pretende que las personas que lean este artículo se sensibilicen con las necesidades de estas mujeres y tomen medidas en tal sentido.

Reconsideration on the premium policy of medical insurance for retired workers and its theo-retical disputes in China / 中国卫生政策研究

The problem about whether or not retirees should pay for basic medical insurance is not only a poli-cy problem,but also one of the focus of theoretical controversy in China. The risk of fund shortage for medical insur-ance or the limited income of the retired workers is the practical issue to be considered when assessing whether the current medical insurance premium policy should be changed or not,but do not constitute a decisive factor in evalua-ting whether it is or not to affordable for the retired workers. The nature of the system and the inherent rights and obli-gations are the fundamental reasons for the decision. Because of the obligations for medical insurance payment,the a-bility to pay and how to undertake are all belong to the problems at different levels,it should be discussed separately. In view of the internal mechanism for medical insurance system and the change of the external environment of social economy,retired workers bearing the obligation of payment is a necessary requirement. In addition,while implemen-ting the principle of universal payment obligation,for the employees who are economically challenged and unable to pay their insurance premiums,can solutions such as lighten burden,through paying duty exemptions,individual gov-ernment subsidies and other ways.

Effect of extension of nursing service on rehabilitation of the army retired officers with diabetes / 医学研究生学报

Objective Diabetes is a common chronic disease in the elderly and needs long-term treatment. This study aims to determine the effect of extended nursing service in rehabilitation of army retired officers with diabetes. Methods We selected 78 ca-ses of military retired officers with diabetes from September 2010 to September 2012 in Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region. According to the different intervention methods, patients were divided into experimental group and control group( n=39 cases) . The control group used conventional nursing service, and the experimental group added extended nursing service on the basis of the control group . After one year follow-up, the fasting blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbAlc) , self-rating depression scale (SDS) evaluation and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the changes of patients′ satisfaction of the two groups were observed. Results The fasting blood glucose levels and HbAlc of experimental group were significantly better than control group, with statisticalsignificance (P<0.05);The SAS scores (34.9±5.9)and SDS scores (36.9±4.5) of experimental group were significantly lower than the control group(52.3±4.2 and 55.9±3.9), with statistical significance ( t=5.489, t=5.226, P<0.05);The satisfaction degree of the exper-imental group was significantly higher than the control group (99.8%vs 79.9%, χ2=4.898, P<0.05). Conclusion the extension ofnursing service in health rehabilitation in the retired veteran cadres in the army with diabetes can effectively improve the patient′s fast-ing blood glucose levels, reduce depression, as well as improving the nursing service satisfaction.

Relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among retired residents living in a community,Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in retirees from a community in Shanghai. Methods Observational study involved 9 943 retirees aged 50 and over in Shanghai. Both single factor and multi-factor analyses methods were used to describe the correlation between factors as:educational level,marital status,annual household income and risk of hypertension,coronary heart disease,stroke etc. A new defined compound index was used to assess the relevance of socioeconomic status on the risk of cardiovascular diseases,based on logistic regression model. Results After adjusted for age,the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these retirees was influenced by socioeconomic status. In general, opponent correlations in education levels and prevalence of hypertension were found between female and male. Compared with those having received college or higher education,the risk of hypertension increased in females when the education level declined,with OR as 1.08(95%CI:0.89-1.30). For those having had senior high school junior high school or elementary education,the risks of hypertension were 1.26(95%CI:1.05-1.51),1.34(95%CI:1.08-1.65),0.72(95%CI:0.59-0.87),0.78 (95%CI:0.64-0.94),and 0.70(95%CI:0.52-0.92)for males,respectively. The risk of cardiovascular diseases increased with annual household income. Compared with high level of socioeconomic status, lower socioeconomic status might decline the risk of cardiovascular diseases in males by approximately 30%,with OR for medium being 0.72(95%CI:0.61-0.84)and for lower ones it was 0.70(95%CI:0.57-0.87). However,similar correlations were not found in females. No significant relationship was found between marital status and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in this study. Conclusion The risks of cardiovascular diseases varied with different socioeconomic status, indicating that tailored interventions should be conducted in different socioeconomic groups.

Relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among retired residents living in a community,Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in retirees from a community in Shanghai. Methods Observational study involved 9 943 retirees aged 50 and over in Shanghai. Both single factor and multi-factor analyses methods were used to describe the correlation between factors as:educational level,marital status,annual household income and risk of hypertension,coronary heart disease,stroke etc. A new defined compound index was used to assess the relevance of socioeconomic status on the risk of cardiovascular diseases,based on logistic regression model. Results After adjusted for age,the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these retirees was influenced by socioeconomic status. In general, opponent correlations in education levels and prevalence of hypertension were found between female and male. Compared with those having received college or higher education,the risk of hypertension increased in females when the education level declined,with OR as 1.08(95%CI:0.89-1.30). For those having had senior high school junior high school or elementary education,the risks of hypertension were 1.26(95%CI:1.05-1.51),1.34(95%CI:1.08-1.65),0.72(95%CI:0.59-0.87),0.78 (95%CI:0.64-0.94),and 0.70(95%CI:0.52-0.92)for males,respectively. The risk of cardiovascular diseases increased with annual household income. Compared with high level of socioeconomic status, lower socioeconomic status might decline the risk of cardiovascular diseases in males by approximately 30%,with OR for medium being 0.72(95%CI:0.61-0.84)and for lower ones it was 0.70(95%CI:0.57-0.87). However,similar correlations were not found in females. No significant relationship was found between marital status and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in this study. Conclusion The risks of cardiovascular diseases varied with different socioeconomic status, indicating that tailored interventions should be conducted in different socioeconomic groups.

Effect of comprehensive psychological intervention on health behavior and negative emotions in retired people / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of health knowledge,health behavior formation rate and psychological state before and after retirement intervention,analyse comprehensive psychological intervention and general psychological intervention to health behavior formation and improve the negative emotion in retired population.Methods By using cohort study method,206 retired people were randomly divided into comprehensive psychological intervention group (experimental group) and only given general psychological intervention group (control group),and each group included 103 cases.Comprehensive psychological intervention group were given health behavior and cognitive intervention,psychological intervention,psychological intervention in general family and social family care intervention,and the control group was given healthy behavior and cognitive intervention,psychological intervention.The staff were treated within 1 weeks of first assessment,2 weeks after the second assessment,4 weeks after the final.Health behavior was surveyed by Ministry of finance,the Ministry of health on public health subsidies special funds notice in city community health education pilot project in the questionnaire.Health status and quality of life were assessed with the family APGAR index (APGAR).Mental state evaluation and assessment of the treatment effect by using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),MBI index method was assessed with activities of daily living.The effect of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention of health knowledge rate and formation rate of different intervention methods and psychological state of health behavior.Results The results showed that there were no significant differences between experimental group and control group in age,sex,level of education and other social,and there was no significant difference in HAMD,MBI and APGAR scores at baseline.Through the implementation of the comprehensive of psychological intervention,subjects have varying degrees of improving the awareness rate of health knowledge,and the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The two group of healthy behavior of subjects in the chopping board monitoring,physical fitness,blood pressure to separate raw and cooked on such projects had different degrees of improvement,at the same time,although no intervention,in the monitoring of blood pressure.The control group increased compared with the baseline significantly (P＜ 0.05).Intervention group had significant difference in APGAR score increased (P＜ 0.05).HAMD score and MBI score decreased and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.01),while the control group had no significant difference before and after intervention.Conclusion Comprehensive psychological intervention can significantly improve the rate of formation from the awareness rate of health knowledge and health behavior of retirees,and improve the state of negative emotions from retiree.

Effect of the trained SPs by retired nurses in the test of internal medicine inquiry in OSCE for the graduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The article is to discuss the effect of the trained SPs acted by retired nurses in the test of internal medicine inquiry in OSCE for the graduates. The results were evaluated by those samples drawn from medical students who took part in OSCE and the professors. The evaluation of the SPs was objective and accurate, and they acted well. There are remarkable advantages in retired nurses simulating standardized patients, and it deserves extensive application in clinical medical education in our country.

Stress and Coping Strategies Among Retired People In Malaysia: A Qualitative Study

Objective: This study explored the stress and coping strategies among retired people in Malaysia. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 elderly Malaysian subjects. This protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Management and Science University. The data obtained were sorted into various categories. Results: A total number of 36 retired elderly people participated in this study. The majority of them were in the age group of 55-59 years old, females, Malay and married. The majority defined stress as pressure or tension. Financial difficulties, family and work problems were the main causes of stress in the majority. Also, the majority of respondents mentioned that they coped with stress by sharing problems with others, by resting and relaxing, and/or by doing housework during their free time. A few of them coped with stress by hanging out with friends, going shopping, doing photography, travelling, going fishing, and doing sports. Conclusion: Financial difficulties, family and work problems were the main causes of stress among elderly people. They coped with stress by sharing problems with others, resting and relaxing, and/or doing housework during their free time.

Investigation on quality of life of retired workers from a medical college and policy suggestion / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objectives Appraise the quality of retired workers' life of a medical college according to their income, livelihood, neighborhood relations, health condition and other related factors. Methods Fill in the Quality of Life Investigation Questionnaire when the retired workers are taking routine physical examination. Results 776 pieces of questionnaire were collected, making up 64.7% of the retired workers, which may represent the people of this kind. Out of the 776 retired workers, 597 are suffering from chronic diseases, making up 76.9%. Among them, 37.5% have one type of chronic disease, while 39.5% have two types and more. Among them, heart cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension sufferers occupy 80.6%, 63.3% of the overall prevalence rate. 42.2% are satisfied with their health condition, 9.6% are not, 48.2% with fair contentment. Those with positive view towards income take up only 41.4%, while negative 6.6%. As to the way of living, 375 are living either with a spouse or by oneself, making up 50.6% ,while 46.2% living by a core family with children and grandchildren or with a big family. 64.0% are able to take care of themselves. Among the 236 in need, 88.0% are taken care of by relatives, only 12% by social aids. About 82.5% enjoy a harmonious family life;only 0.5% are not. 83.0% keep a good neighborhood relationship, only 0.6% of them doesnt. Conclusion The overwhelming majority of the retired workers of senior teachers and scientific and technical personnel are living in a harmonious family or community. When they are in need, relatives are the main forces to help, social forces does not work much on it. Two items that below 50% of the satisfaction are income and health condition. So, we are looking forward to the improvement of these two aspects by the reform on social and medical insurance.

Análise do bem estar psicossocial de aposentados de Goiânia / Análisis del bien estar psicosocial de jubilados de Goiânia / Analysis of retired men’s psychosocial well-being in Goiânia

Este estudo analisou o bem estar psicossocial de aposentados da cidade de Goiânia. Participaram 118 homens, aposentados por tempo de serviço, cuja vida laboral ocorreu em empresas públicas, autarquias e de economia mista, de âmbito federal, estadual ou municipal. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Para a análise dos resultados foi realizada uma regressão múltipla, tendo como variável critério o índice de bem estar e, como seus possíveis preditores, oito variáveis sobre aspectos referentes aos relacionamentos sociais, vida financeira, avaliação da saúde e da vida sexual após a aposentadoria. As variáveis sobre o planejamento, satisfação com a saúde e as relações sociais nas quais eles possam se locomover com independência foram as mais significativas para o bem estar dos participantes. Esses resultados são discutidos ressaltando as especificidades da amostra aqui utilizada, as dificuldades de generalizações e a importância de futuros estudos objetivando tornar esse tema central na agenda de trabalhos sobre o envelhecimento populacional.

This study examined the psychosocial well-being of retired on pension men in Goiânia. The participants were 118 men, retired by service time, whose working life occurred in public service companies. The instrument used was a questionnaire with open and closed questions. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. The dependent variable was the well being index and the predictors were eight variables on aspects related to social relationships, financial life, health and sexual life after retirement. The most significant predictors for the well being of the participant were living the retirement as planned, satisfaction with their health and the possibility of social relationships where they can move more independently. These results are discussed emphasizing the peculiarities of the sample, the difficulties to generalize the results and the importance of further studies aiming at making the subject central to agenda of studies on population aging.

Este estudio analizó el bienestar psicosocial en una muestra de jubilados de la ciudad de Goiânia. Participaron 118 hombres, jubilados tras finalizar su vida laboral, cuyo trabajo transcurrió en empresas públicas y de economía mixta, de ámbito nacional, comarcal o municipal. La recogida de datos fue realizada por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Para la obtención de los resultados fue realizado un análisis de regresión múltiple, en el que la variable criterio fue el índice de bienestar y como variables predictoras se incluyeron ocho variables acerca de aspectos referidos a las relaciones sociales, situación económica, evaluación de la salud y de la vida sexual después de la jubilación. Las variables eferidas a la planificación, la satisfacción con la vida y las relaciones sociales que permiten desplazarse con independencia fueron las más significativas en la explicación del bienestar de los participantes. En la discusión de los resultados obtenidos se destaca la especificidad de la muestra utilizada, las dificulatades para poder generalizar los resultados y la necesidad de realizar futuras investigaciones que tengan como objetivo el estudio del envejecimiento poblacional.

Analysis of psychological pressure of nurses in wards of retired cadres and application effect of incentive mechanism / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand psychological pressure of nurses in wards of retired cadres,eatablish incentive mechanism accordingly and further improve nursing quality. Methods Incentive mechanism was applied to nurses in wards of retired cadres to settle their psychological pressure. Results After application of incentive mechanism,14 nurses and 1 nursing worker showed placid psychological state,keep forging ahead actively.Nursing quality of the wards increased. Conclusion Application of incentive mechanism can effectively alleviate psychological pressure of nurses.

Investigation of Factors Related to Depression in Retired Elder Army Officers / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the factors related to the depression in the retired old army officers in Beijing, to establish effective nursing intervention on these factors. Methods Various factors related to depression were investigate using questionnaire in 500 retired army officers. Results Among 500 subjects, 23.0% (115/500) were with minor depression, 6.4% (32/500) with moderate depression, while 1.6% with severe depression. Subjects whose wife were still alive had much less incurrence rate of depression than ones remarried or widowed. The less time after retirement and less satisfaction in life were other important factors related to depression. Conclusion Psychological care should be emphasized on widowed, freshly retired, or people feeling less satisfactory in life. Active nursing intervention should be applied to lower the harmful effect of depression on health.

A Study on the Relationship between Fatty Liver and Body Mass Index (BMI), Serum Lipid Levels in Old Retired Population / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To explore the relationship between fatty liver and body mass index (BMI), serum lipid levels in aging population. Method 748 of retired people (≥45 years) were studied. All participants accepted liver B -mode Ultrasonography examination, height, weight and blood lipid detection. The relationship between Fatty Liver and BMI, serum lipid levels were analyzed. Results The detection rate of Fatter Liver in male and female was 61.8% and 44.6% separately. The detection rate of Fatter Liver was 53.4% in the aging group (45~59 years), while the rate was 51.0% in elderly group (≥60 years). Compared to the 23.07 kg / m2 and 1.58 mmol/L in group without fatty liver, the BMI and serum triglyceride was 26.77 kg / m2 and 2.13 mmol / L in the group suffered the Fatter Lever. There existed statistically significant differences of Body Mass Index and serum Triglyceride level between the group with and without fatty liver (P

Factors Affecting Dyspnea in Retired Coal Miners in Korea / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was done to examine the risk factors for the dyspnea of retired coal miners in Korea. METHODS: Eight hundred and sixteen male workers who took the health examination for retired coal miners in the T hospital were recruited, in this study and their health examination records were employed to assess the risk factors for dyspnea. Both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between known risk factors and the presence of dyspnea. RESULTS: Variables in the univariate analysis, which showed a significant relationship with dyspnea were age(>or=60 years) (OR : 2.20, 95% CI : 1.63-3.00), work duration(>or=2 0 years) (OR : 1.67, 95% CI : 1.24-2.25), profusion of small opacity(>or=1/0) (OR : 1.81. 95% CI : 1.30-2.51), large opacity(>or=A) (OR : 2.19, 95% CI : 1.30-3.70), and the ratio of the distance between the start of the first division of the right and left main pulmonary arteries divided by the transverse diameter of the thorax (cor pulmonale index)(>or=0 . 3 6 ) (OR : 2.37, 95% CI : 1.77-3.17). The multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis showed age(>or=60 years)(OR : 1.69, 95% CI : 1.28-2.21), smoking amount(>or=1 filters/day) (OR : 1.61, 95% CI : 1.06-2.45), no experience of having quit smoking (OR : 1.40 95% CI : 1.06-1.84), and the cor pulmonale index(>or=0.36)(OR : 1.75, 95% CI : 1.34-2.29) were associated with an increased risk for dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggests that the cor pulmonale index is the most significant risk factor in predicting dyspnea in retired coal miners. In addition, this study also revealed that workers aged 60 years or more or smokers were more likely to experience dyspnea as compared to those aged 60 years or less and nonsmokers.

Nutritional assessment and intervene points for retired residents in a community / 肠外与肠内营养

Objectives:To assess the nutritional status of retired residents in a community by mininutritional assessment(MNA) combined with anthropometry. Methods:MNA questionnaire and anthropometric parameters including waistline,hipline,height,weight,body mass index(BMI),midarm circumference,triceps skinfold(TSF) and midarm muscle circumference were performed in 115 retired residents. Results:①24 (20.9%) residents had MNA scores less than 23.5,which meaned malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition.②According to each single index,namely waistline, waist hip ratio and BMI,incidence of obesity was 53.9%,61.7% and 65.2% respectively.③According to each single index,that is,midarm circumference,TSF and midarm muscle circumference,prevalence of moderate or severe malnutrition was 1.7%,19.1% and 2.2%respectively.④There lied a significant correlation between MNA score and several anthropometric parameters. Conclusions:①Both overnutrition and undernutrition can be manifested in retired home residents,for whom nutritional intervene should be enhanced.②MNA questionnaire can be well used in Chinese.