ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a research platform for obtaining accurate phenotypic spectrum data is a technical difficulty that needs to be resolved in the research of traditional Chinese medicine resources. For example，the traditional phenotypic characterization method of Armillaria rhizomorph is mostly in a form of descriptive text，which is subjective and empirical. There is an urgent need for an objective and accurate method to characterize the phenotype of honey fungus rhizomorph. Method:Based on the image processing software Image J and the root identification plug-in SmartRoot combined with the Synbiosis ProtoCol 3 image analyzer，the growth picture of Armillaria spp. was analyzed，and the length，growth rate，branching situation，and angle of nascent rhizomorph of Armillaria gallica were measured to establish a measurement system for the phenotypic analysis of Armillaria rhizomorph. Result:Based on the method developed in this paper，the growth length，growth rate，number of branches，angle of nascent rhizomorph，and other phenotypic changes can be analyzed in a real-time manner without affecting the growth of Armillaria gallica. Armillaria spp. grew fastest at 9-12 days after generation，and the angle between the nascent rhizomorph and the parent rhizomorph was nearly vertical. This method had a certain correlation with the dry weight of traditional Armillaria biomass phenotypic parameters，with a high value in practical application. Conclusion:This study has established an objective，accurate，fast and real-time phenotypic analysis and measurement system for Armillaria rhizomorph，which expands the scope of application of SmartRoot and can be used for phenotypic analysis of traditional Chinese medicine resources under controlled experimental conditions.
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Objective: To explore the anti-aging mechanism of polysaccharide from rhizomorph of Armillaria mellea (AMP) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: With C. elegans as living model, the life span and the average number of offsprings were determined under normal culture conditions; The survival rate under oxidative stress and the expression of heat shock protein-16.2 (HSP-16.2) and superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3) were determined. Results: Under the normal culture conditions, the life span of C. elegans was significantly extended by AMP-1 and AMP-2 without the damage of the reproductive capacity; The expression of HSP-16.2 and SOD-3 was increased in C. elegans under the oxidative stress. Conclusion: The possible mechanism of AMP for anti-aging of C. elegans may be caused by increasing of the capacity of stress resistance.
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Aim To investigate the protective effects of polysaccharides from the rhizomorph of Armillaria mella(AMP-1) on alloxan injured INS-1 cells.Methods Graded concentrations of AMP-1(2,10,50,100,500,1 000 mg?L-1) were added into the culture medium of alloxan injured INS-1 cells.The survival rate was measured by MTT assay.The amount of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in different concentrations of AMP-1 was determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA).SOD and NOS activity,NO,MDA and GSH production were assayed colorimetrically.Results AMP-1 could reduce oxidative injuries induced by alloxan in INS-1 cells.The survival rate of cells treated with AMP-1 increased significantly.In the presence of 5.6 mmol?L-1 or 16.7 mmol?L-1 glucose,AMP-1(50,100,500,1 000 mg?L-1)increased glucose-induced insulin secretion in INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner.NOS levels and the production of NO and MDA decreased significantly by AMP-1,while SOD levels and the production of GSH increased.Conclusions AMP-1 promoted glucose-induced insulin secretion in INS-1 cells by increasing the abilities of scavenging the free radicals induced by alloxan.
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Sclerotial development of Grifola umbellata (Pers. : Fr.) Donk was investigated through microscopic examinations. The sclerotium of G. umbellata was bumpy and rugged, multi-branched, and dark-brown to black in color. The sclerotial development of G. umbellata was categorized into three stages such as sclerotial initial, development and maturation. Sclerotium development was initiated as the white fungal mass. The superficial part of white sclerotium changed into gray, light brown and then black as its development proceeded further. As a distinctive characteristic of this fungus, a large number of crystals were observed in the medulla layer of sclerotium during its maturation. For development of new sclerotium, G. umbellata formed a white sclerotial primordium on the matured sclerotium. Development of sclerotium in G. umbellata was intimately associated with rhizomorphs of Armillariella mellea and the developing sclerotia were often penetrated by rhizomorphs of A. mellea into medulla layer.
Subject(s)
Fungi , GrifolaABSTRACT
This paper reported a new method of Armillaria mellea isolation-Gastrodia elata tissue isolating. Compared with normal isolating method-rhizomorph isolating method, it showed that the success rate of new method (78% ) was higher than the rhizomorph isolating method (16% ) , besides this, the new method was easier, and growth characteristic of obtained strain was superior to that obtained from rhizomorph isolating method.
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AIM: To study the anti-aging effects of polysaccharides from rhizomorph of Armillaria mellea(ARP) on fruit fly and mouse. METHODS: Regarding fruit files and D-galactose induced aging mice as research objects,observing the fruit flies lifespan;The ability to learn and memorize on model mice were observed by jumping platform test and maze test,the body weight,thymus and spleen index,SOD and GSH-Px activities、MDA and NO levels in serum,liver and brain were measured. RESULTS: ARP could significantly lengthen the lifespan of fruit flies;Obviously improve the ability to learn and memorize,markedly increase the body weight and resist the atrophy of thymus and spleen of model mice,SOD and GSH-Px activities increased obviously,MDA and NO levels decreased dramatically on model mice. CONCLUSION: ARP has anti-aging effects by immune-regulatory and eliminating free radicals.