Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition / 中国中药杂志

In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. Polysaccharides were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the monosaccharide compositions were analyzed by pre-column derivative-UPLC. The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber.

Study of Prolactin Level Changes of Patients with Hyperprolactinemia in Different Time Period / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate prolactin(PRL)levels in patient with hyperprolactinemia in different period of time. Methods Used electrochemical luminescence method,Roche E170 automatic immune analyzer determination of detect 124 cases female patients of hyperprolactinemia (PRL>880 uIU/ml)at 7:30AM,10:00AM and 4:00PM respectivelye of plas-ma PRL level,and in accordance with the polyethylene glycol (PEG)6000 precipitate PRL after A PRL recovery rate of into macroprolactin (MPRL)group (A PRL recovery rate of≤40%),single PRL group (A PRL recovery rate of> 60%),sus-picious PRL group (40%

Assessment of Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure by Urinary Metabolites as a Function of Sampling Time / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: In most DEHP exposure assessment studies, single spot urine sample was used. It could not compare the exposure level among studies. Therefore, we are going to represent the necessity of selection of proper sampling time of spot urine for assessing the environmental DEHP exposure, and the association urinary DEHP metabolites with steroid hormones. METHODS: We collected urine and plasma from 25 men. The urine sampling times were at the end of the shift (post-shift) and the next morning before the beginning of the shift (pre-shift). Three metabolites of DEHP {mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [MEHP], mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate [MEHHP], and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate [MEOHP]} in urine were analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS. Plasma luteinzing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, and 17beta-estradiol were measured at pre-shift using a ELISA kit. A log-transformed creatinine-adjusted urinary MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP concentration were compared between the post- and pre-shift. The Pearson's correlation was calculated to assess the relationships between log-transformed urinary MEHP concentrations in pre-shift urine and hormone levels. RESULTS: The three urinary metabolite concentrations at post-shift were significantly higher than the concentrations in the pre-shift (p<0.0001). The plasma hormones were not significantly correlated with log-transformed creatinine - adjusted DEHP metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: To assess the environmental DEHP exposure, it is necessary to select the urine sampling time according to the study object. There were no correlation between the concentration of urinary DEHP metabolites and serum hormone levels.

Study on the Correlation of Cyclosporine Exposure Monitoring in Healthy Volunteers with Sampling Time Points of Blood / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in healthy volunteers, and to investigate the relationship of drug exposure with blood sampling time after treatment. METHODS: The data of trial at the first 12 blood sampling time points after medication were collected from bioequivalence test in 24 healthy volunteers (trial preparation vs. reference preparation). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to study the blood concentrations of cyclosporine at different sampling time points and the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC). RESULTS: The concentrations at two points were adopted to estimate AUC. The correlation coefficient of different cyclosporines could reach 0.9 with estimation deviations less than 15%. The AUC of cyclosporine of trial preparation could be estimated by C8 and C12, and that of reference preparation by C2.5 and C12. CONCLUSION: The AUC estimated by concentrations at two points can meet clinical demand. There is great difference in estimate point among different preparations.

Urinary Excretion of Thiodiglycolic Acid According to Sampling Time in Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to investigate the changes of urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) concentration in workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) according to the time of sampling urine. METHODS: The personal exposure to airborne VCM was assessed and urinary TDGA concentration was sampled in 31 workers employed in a VCM and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) manufacturing factory. Urinary TDGA was sampled three times: before the start of the shift after 3 days off (TDGA1), after the end of the first-day shift (TDGA2) and before starting the following day shift after completing the oneday shift (TDGA3). Urinary TDGA in 30 workers who had not been exposed to airborne VCM was sampled after the end of the shift. A gas chromatography/pulsed flame photometric detector (GC/PFPD) was utilized to analyze TDGA concentration in urine after the urine was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane(2.0M in diethyl ether). RESULTS: The creatinine level was 0.179+/-0.271 mg/g in the control workers and 0.218+/-0.443 mg/g in the workers before the start of the shift after 3 days off (TDGA1), showing no significant difference (p=0.7035). Urine samples were compared according to sampling time in order to investigate the change of urinary TDGA concentration in the case of continuous exposure to airborne VCM. In VCM-exposed workers, urinary creatinine concentration was 0.434+/-0.623 mg/g in TDGA2 and 0.767+/-1.056 mg/g in TDGA3, which indicated a gradual but significant increase (p=0.024). In terms of the statistical correlation between airborne VCM and urinary TDGA to evaluate exposure dose per day, of the three urinary TDGA concentrations, TDGA3 showed the highest degree of regression (R(2)=0.4215) with 8h-TWA airborne VCM concentration. CONCLUSION: Based on this result, the excretion half-life of urinary TDGA was assumed to be less than 3 days, because the concentration of urinary TDGA at 3 days after exposure to airborne VCM was decreased to the level of urinary TDGA concentration in the control workers. The concentration of urinary TDGA increased in the case of continuous shift, due to the accumulation of residual metabolites of TDGA. It was considered that TDGA3 can be applied as a useful biological index to evaluate the exposure dose of airborne VCM during one day because TDGA3 showed the highest correlation with the exposure dose of airborne VCM in the previous shift day.

On the Significance of Blood Sampling Time in Neonatal Neurologic Prognosis Using Creatine Kinase BB

PURPOSE: To investigate the cut-off value of creatine kinase (CK) BB according to blood sampling time in predicting neonatal prognosis, we studied the time-related releasing pattern of CK isoenzymes after birth asphyxia. METHODS: CK was measured within 1 hour and at 6-10 hours after birth from 45 newborn infants who were suspected to be perinatal asphyxia or fetal distress. The infants were followed up for 1 year to evaluate neonatal prognosis. RESULTS: Total CK, CK-MM, CK-BB and CK-BB% from blood samples within 1 hour after birth were 758.6U/L, 588.7U/L, 105.7U/L and 17.5%, respectively, and those at 6-10 hours after birth were 1,298.0U/L, 1,127.1U/L, 57.7U/L and 6.6%, respectively. When the cut-off value of CK-BB measured within 1 hour after birth was set to 200U/L, positive predictive value (PP) was 0.38 and negative predictive value (NP) was 0.76 for infants who died within 28 days. For neurologic sequelae on 1-year-old PP and NP are 0.33 and 0.76 respectively, for neonatal seizures, 0.38 and 0.92, for abnormal brain sonogram cases 1.0 and 0.88, repectively. CONCLUSION: CK-BB and CK-BB% were measured significantly higher within 1 hour after birth than at 6-10 hours after birth. Because of different CK-BB levels between 2 separate sampling times, we have to use 2 different cut-off values. It is recommended that cut-off values for CK-BB and CK-BB%, measured within 1 hour after birth, are 200U/L and 20%, respectively and cut-off values for CK-BB and CK-BB% measured in 6-10 hours after birth are 100U/L and 10%, respectively.